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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new technique has been developed to make deep renal cortical structures in rats accessible for micropuncture: The left kidney is dissected free and immobilized in a lucite cup. A lense-shaped slice, 1--2 mm thick and about 5 x 5 mm wide, is cut off from the dorsal aspect of the kidney. Blood oozing from the cut surface is removed by flushing with saline and suction by microsponges. The bleeding stops in 1--3 min and causes none or only transient fall in arterial pressure (PA). Up to 40 glomeruli become visible and remain circulated for several hours, as shown by injection of dye or silicone rubber. Glomerular capillary pressures (PG), measured with servocontrolled counter pressure (Wiederhielm), showed no consistent change with time and no correlation to PA. Average PG +/- S.E. in mmHg (number of glomeruli in parentheses) were: Wistar rats (WR), Inactin anesthesia, 57.8 +/- 1.4 (41), Membumal anesthesia, 58.1 +/- 1.3 (13). Sprague Dawley rats, Inactin, 58.1 +/- 1.7 (14). In WR, PG was lower in deep than in midcortical glomeruli: less than or equal to 0.4 mm below kidney surface, 57.9 +/- 1.8 (20); 0.5--0.9 mm: 60.5 +/- 1.5 (20) and greater than or equal to 1.0 mm: 53.8 +/- 2.5 (13). Pressure in Bowman's capsule: 11.2 +/- 0.6 (30). The observed PG is higher than previously reported on the Munich mutant strain of WR, and suggests that glomerular filtration equilibrium is not reached.
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PMID:Capillary pressure in deep and superficial glomeruli of the rat kidney. 59 17

Transvaginal follicle puncture under sonographic control has become the method of choice for ovum retrieval worldwide. Because it is the current technology of the 1990s, there are very few reports in the literature on other methods of oocyte retrieval. Furthermore, perhaps because of the simplicity of transvaginal follicle puncture under sonographic control, there are only a few reports on the technique itself in the current literature. This review classifies the papers on hand according to general studies of the subject, appropriate anesthesia, necessity of follicle flushing for oocyte retrieval, vaginal disinfection and the evaluation of the risk following transvaginal oocyte retrieval, and new techniques in connection with the harvesting of oocytes.
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PMID:Current technology of oocyte retrieval. 139 41

The amounts of halothane and isoflurane trapped after exposure for up to 3 h at 2 MAC in commonly used anaesthesia circuit tubing were quantitated by gas chromatography. The decontaminating effects of procedures such as flushing with oxygen, thermal disinfection and/or routine storage were assessed in a similar way. After halothane exposure, anaesthetic content was highest in silicone (398 +/- 55 mg 100 g-1). Lower quantities were found in all other tubings investigated (electrically conductive latex: 64 +/- 4, conductive rubber: 62 +/- 4, polyethylene-vinyl-acetate (PEVA): 293 +/- 10 and 149 +/- 17 for non-conductive corrugated and spiral tubes, respectively, polysulfone (Hytrel): 155 +/- 10 mg 100 g-1). The isoflurane contents were substantially lower (silicone: 278 +/- 23; others: 55 +/- 7, 61 +/- 6, 163 +/- 9 and 86 +/- 8, 74 +/- 4 mg 100 g-1). The tubings' content did not correlate with the material's partition coefficient as full saturation was not achieved during exposure. Decontamination procedures reduced the content of volatile anaesthetics to a variable extent. Conductive latex and rubber showed the highest residual content, even after thermal disinfection and subsequent storage. Twenty-minute flushing with oxygen (8 l min-1) decreased effluent gas concentrations below 5 p.p.m. in all tubings. With silicone, after 1 h flushing, halothane concentrations still exceeded 10 p.p.m. (isoflurane: 8 p.p.m.). It is concluded that urgent decontamination by a 20-min flush warrants the safe re-use of previously 'contaminated' conductive rubber and latex as well as polysulfone tubings in critical situations, e.g. in malignant hyperthermia patients if disposable tubing is not immediately available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anaesthetic uptake and washout characteristics of patient circuit tubing with special regard to current decontamination techniques. 144 61

High-dose aprotinin for reduction of intra- and postoperative blood loss was associated with profound hypotension and flushing in a 3.5-year-old child who underwent cardiac surgery. Treatment with noradrenaline and intravenous fluid was required. Cardiovascular stability was restored after 10 minutes.
Anaesthesia 1990 Oct
PMID:Adverse haemodynamic effects of high-dose aprotinin in a paediatric cardiac surgical patient. 170 Jun 40

A comparison was made of arterial pressures measured invasively from a radial arterial cannula and non-invasively from the middle finger using the 2300 Finapres (Ohmeda) during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Digital outputs of both pressures were captured directly onto computer hard disk; data recorded during flushing of the arterial line were excluded from analysis. We studied 53 patients undergoing cardiac, major vascular and neurosurgical procedures; 17705 comparisons of systolic, diastolic and mean pressure were analysed. Overall correlations between Finapres and invasive pressures were poor (r = 0.82, 0.68 and 0.78 for systolic, diastolic and mean pressures, respectively). The Finapres exhibited a high level of accuracy and precision in some recordings. However, patient data sets showed marked variability in average pressure differences (invasive minus Finapres) when examined individually or grouped by operation type. Unexplained variations in pressure difference with time and absolute pressure were observed also. Whilst providing useful beat-to-beat information on arterial pressure trends, the Finapres cannot be recommended as a universal substitute for invasive arterial pressure monitoring.
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PMID:Comparison of invasive and non-invasive measurements of continuous arterial pressure using the Finapres. 185 55

The authors conducted a double-blind study to compare premedication with oral glycopyrrolate and oral atropine in prevention of bradycardia and hypotension during induction of anesthesia with halothane-N2O in 90 outpatient infants and children aged 1-18 mo who were randomized into three groups to receive either an oral placebo, oral atropine (0.02 mg/kg), or oral glycopyrrolate (0.05 mg/kg) approximately 1 h before induction of anesthesia. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured before drug administration, just before induction of anesthesia, and every minute until surgical stimulation occurred. Glycopyrrolate, at the dose used, was significantly less effective than atropine in attenuating bradycardia during induction; neither glycopyrrolate nor atropine altered the incidence or degree of hypotension. Antisialagogic activity and side effects were comparable, except for significantly more flushing with atropine.
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PMID:Is premedication with oral glycopyrrolate as effective as oral atropine in attenuating cardiovascular depression in infants receiving halothane for induction of anesthesia? 186 19

Sterilization with low temperature steam and formaldehyde is a well-known process in many European countries, but little known in the United States. It sterilizes reliably and reproducibly at temperatures greater than or equal to 65 degrees C. With a well-designed cycle, it leaves residues of formaldehyde on sterilized items below 5 micrograms/cm2, measured on a standard filter paper. Formaldehyde levels in air near the autoclave are well below official exposure limits, if at all measurable. Occurrence of late growers in bioindicators, and penetration of the sterilizing media into long narrow lumina, should be validated for new processes. Automated cleaning and disinfection in closed washer-disinfectors and flushing disinfectors are likewise processes relatively little known in the United States. Disinfection is achieved by a final rinse with hot water or steam. Washer-disinfectors are used for surgical instruments, nondisposable anesthesia and other equipment, flushing disinfectors for nondisposable bedpans, wash-bowls, urinals, and similar equipment. They clean well, washer-disinfectors excellently so, and disinfect reliably. With the use of such equipment in wards, surgical departments, and other areas, reliance on chemical germicides can be dramatically reduced and disposables can be replaced by disinfectable nondisposables.
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PMID:New technology for sterilization and disinfection. 192 74

Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were measured in two groups of 30 patients each. Blood sampled from an arterial line after various discard volumes and from a central venous line were compared with direct venipuncture control samples. The arterial line flushing solution contained 1 unit of heparin per ml in group 1 and 2 units per ml in group 2. Our results confirmed that clotting studies carried out on blood samples from an arterial line or central venous line correlate well with those obtained from a venipuncture sample. The only exception was activated partial thromboplastin time in group 2 patients when the discard volume from the arterial line is only 2.5 ml above the deadspace volume of the connecting line. At least 5 ml of discard volume must be withdrawn before sampling, to obtain reliable results.
Anaesthesia 1991 Sep
PMID:Intra-arterial blood sampling for clotting studies. Effects of heparin contamination. 192 68

We studied the percutaneous losses of sevoflurane and isoflurane during administration and elimination in seven healthy male volunteers. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with fentanyl, midazolam, and/or thiopental, and nitrous oxide for 30 min, after which 1% sevoflurane and 0.4% isoflurane in 65% nitrous oxide were administered for 30 min. Inspired, end-tidal, and mixed-expired gas samples were collected during administration and for 5-7 days of elimination. To measure percutaneous loss, each subject's arm was enclosed in a glass cylinder sealed at both ends and with two ports, one for flushing with nitrogen and one for obtaining gas samples during the 30 min of administration and the first 150 min of elimination. Anesthetic concentrations in all samples were determined using gas chromatography. The surface area of the arm was measured and the total surface area was calculated. During administration and elimination, percutaneous loss of isoflurane was significantly greater than that of sevoflurane (P less than 0.05). For both volatile agents, losses during elimination were greater than during administration (P less than 0.05), but even when combined, these losses were too small to affect kinetic or metabolic studies based on mass balance.
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PMID:Comparison of percutaneous losses of sevoflurane and isoflurane in humans. 198 6

We studied the percutaneous losses of the new inhaled anesthetic, desflurane (I-653), and of isoflurane and halothane during anesthetic administration and elimination in seven healthy male volunteers. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with midazolam, thiopental, and fentanyl. We administered 70% N2O for 30 min, and then administered 2% desflurane, 0.4% isoflurane, and 0.2% halothane concurrently with 65% N2O for 30 min. Inspired, end-tidal, and mixed-expired gas samples were collected during administration of the volatile agents and for 5-7 days of elimination. The right arm and hand of each subject was enclosed in a sealed glass cylinder having a port at each end, one for sampling and both for flushing with N2 after anesthetic administration and every 15 min thereafter. We sampled gases from the cylinder during administration and for the 150 min of elimination and analyzed their anesthetic concentrations by gas chromatography. The surface area of the enclosed portion of the arm was measured, and the total body surface area was calculated. All values were normalized to (i.e., divided by) the end-tidal (alveolar) concentration at the end of administration. During administration, percutaneous loss of halothane was 3.5 times that of desflurane and 2 times that of isoflurane. During elimination, the loss of halothane was 6 times and 2 times greater than the loss of desflurane and isoflurane, respectively. Percutaneous loss of halothane significantly exceeded that of isoflurane. The elimination values included an estimate of elimination after 150 min. The percutaneous loss of each anesthetic was 2- to 3-fold greater during elimination than administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Percutaneous loss of desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane in humans. 200 Oct 27


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