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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A technique for successfully freezing, thawing and transferring rabbit embryos has been developed. Morula stage embryos were collected from super-ovulated female rabbits by flushing both oviducts and uterine horns with a tissue culture medium. Well developed, viable embryos were then transferred to freezing vials and a cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added in several steps to bring its final concentration to 1.6 molar. To freeze the embryos the temperature was lowered slowly (either 0.5 degrees C/min or 1.0 degrees C/min) to -80 degrees C at which point the vials were transferred directly to liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). Thawing was done at 8 degrees C/min. After thawing, phosphate buffered saline was added in a stepwise manner to dilute the DMSO. The thawed embryos were then cultured at 37 degrees C. Transfer of the embryos was accomplished by laparotomizing a pseudopregnant doe and introducing the embryos into the fimbriated ends of the oviducts. The 101 positively transferred embryos resulted in 45 implantations and 34 live born young.
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PMID:A successful technique for the preservation of rabbit embryos. 651 10

Two experiments were conducted, aimed at improving the practicability of the method for transcervical embryo collection in Boer goats described by Pereira et al. [Pereira, R.J.T.A., Sohnrey, B., Holtz, W., 1998. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 360-363]. Invention of a hammock-like restraining device, use of a wider-bore flushing catheter and a modified flushing mode contributed toward this end. The importance of a luteolytic prostaglandin F(2alpha)-treatment [Pereira et al., 1998] was confirmed. In Experiment 1, administration of PGF(2alpha) 8h before does are flushed, increased the recovery rate from 43 to 79% (P<0.05). Advancing the PG F(2alpha)-treatment to 24h before flushing was instrumental in further enhancing embryo recovery rate. The amount of time required for flushing was reduced by about 20min (P<0.05) and the number of embryos recovered from the first 10 out of 30 flushes amounted to more than 80%, compared to 50% (P<0.05) when treating 8h before flushing. Administration of 1IU of oxytocin at the onset of flushing did not have any significant effect. When applying the findings of this investigation, the time required for flushing may be reduced from about 4h [Pereira et al., 1998] to less than 45min per doe and the required number of person involved decreased from four to two persons.
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PMID:Transcervical embryo collection in Boer goats. 1076 Apr 56

Transmission of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is not completely understood and the vertical route of infection from the goat to the embryo or to the fetus needs to be investigated. This route of infection involves the presence of CAEV in the genital tract tissues. Prior studies have detected CAEV-infected cells in genital secretions and in flushing media recovered during embryo collection from infected goats. To specify the origin of these cells, we conducted a double-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on embryo flushing media and on mammary gland, mammary lymph node, synovial membrane, pelvic lymph node, uterus and oviduct tissues from 25 CAEV-infected (blood PCR positive) embryo donor goats for the presence of CAEV proviral DNA. The presence of proviral DNA was found in 22 of 25 mammary gland samples, 14 of 25 uterus samples, and in 16 of 25 oviduct samples. Nineteen of 25 goats had at least one positive genital tract sample. Flushing media from 11 goats were PCR positive. All goats with positive-flushing media were oviduct positive. Of this group of does, except for 1 of the 11, infection of flushing media correlated with infection of almost all the other tissues examined. The frequency of positive tissues for flushing media-positive goats (61/66; 92%) was significantly higher than that for flushing media-negative goats (50/84; 60%) (P<0.01). This study demonstrated the presence of CAEV-infected cells in the goat genital tract. The presence of CAEV-infected cells in the uterus and oviducts suggests potential for vertical transmission of CAEV from doe to embryo or fetus.
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PMID:Presence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) proviral DNA in genital tract tissues of superovulated dairy goat does. 1255 56

In two trials, eight attempts were made to collect fertilized ova from dairy goats by nonsurgical methods. In both trials the cervix of each doe was dilated by inserting a Laminaria japonica tent device into the cervical canal prior to flushing. In Trial 1, an attempt was made to collect embryos from four nonsuperovulated does by flushing phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) through a rigid pipette. Little fluid and no embryos were recovered from the does. All four donors were in estrus two days after the procedure. In the second trial, FSH-superovulated does were collected on day 5 following estrus. The donors were anesthetized, and a modified Foley catheter was passed through the cervical canal. In three does, a 24 ga. two-way Foley was stiffened with a size 10 (French) polypropylene catheter which penetrated the Foley, extending 7 cm beyond the tip. Recovery of flushing medium with this device was minimal, and laparotomy of one doe revealed a punctured uterus. Replacement of this device with a different catheter, through which a polypropylene catheter (size 5 Fr.) penetrated only 1 to 2 cm, resulted in satisfactory return of infused PBS, and recovery of two blastocysts and one degenerated ovum from this doe. Use of the same device on a second doe without laparotomy resulted in collection of seven blastocysts and three degenerated ova. Of three observed donors that received Laminaria tents (including one which was not flushed) two were in estrus three days after the procedure, while unused synchronized recipients showed normal cycle lengths. Surgical transfer of two blastocysts from each donor to each of two synchronized recipients resulted in the birth of twin kids from one recipient doe. The study demonstrates the feasibility of embryo collection from dairy goats by nonsurgical means.
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PMID:Nonsurgical collection of blastocysts from dairy goats. 1672 75

In vitro development of Korean native goat embryos was investigated in 2 different culture systems with and without goat oviduct epithelial cells (GOEC). Estrus was synchronized by inserting intravaginal progestagen-impnegnated sponge (Veramix) containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) for 14 d. Superovulation was induced with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Goat ova were surgically obtained by retrograde flushing the oviducts of does at 66 to 68 h after MAP removal. Mean number of recovered ova per doe was 7.28 +/- 3.91, and the proportion of fertilized embryos in recovered ova was 66.5% (121/182 ). Fertilized embryos were cultured for 9 d in CR1aa medium supplemented with 10% estrous goat serum (EGS) at 38.5 degrees C, 5% CO(2) in air. There was no difference in development of the embryos to the morula stage between the 2 culture systems (84.4 and 84.0%, respectively). However, developmental rate to blastocysts (65.6%) of the embryos co-cultured with GOEC was significantly higher than of those (12.0%) cultured without GOEC (P < 0.001). Goat zygotes were injected with bovine beta-casein/human lactoferrin cDNA fusion gene (pBL1). When the DNA-injected embryos were co-cultured with GOEC, developmental rates of the embryos to the morula and blastocyst stages were 82.9 and 36.6%, respectively. The results obtained in this study indicate that "blocking" of in vitro development of Korean native goat embryos appears to occur at the morula stage, but can be overcome to some extent by co-culture with GOEC. In the co-culture system, DNA-injected goat embryos could successfully develop to normal hatching blastocysts.
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PMID:In vitro development of DNA-injected embryos co-cultured with goat oviduct epithelial cells in Korean native goats (Capra hircus aegagrus). 1672 61

The aim of this study was to determine, in vivo, whether in vitro infected cryopreserved caprine sperm is capable of transmitting caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) vertically to early embryo development stages via artificial insemination with in vitro infected semen. Sperm was collected from CAEV-free bucks by electroejaculation. Half of each ejaculate was inoculated with CAEV-pBSCA at a viral concentration of 10(4) TCID(50)/mL. The second half of each ejaculate was used as a negative control. The semen was then frozen. On Day 13 of superovulation treatment, 14 CAEV-free does were inseminated directly into the uterus under endoscopic control with thawed infected semen. Six CAEV-free does, used as a negative control, were inseminated intrauterine with thawed CAEV-free sperm, and eight CAEV-free does were mated with naturally infected bucks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect CAEV proviral-DNA in the embryos at the D7 stage, in the embryo washing media, and in the uterine secretions of recipient does. At Day 7, all the harvested embryos were PCR-negative for CAEV proviral-DNA; however, CAEV proviral-DNA was detected in 8/14 uterine smears, and 9/14 flushing media taken from does inseminated with infected sperm, and in 1/8 uterine swabs taken from the does mated with infected bucks. The results of this study confirm that (i) artificial insemination with infected semen or mating with infected bucks may result in the transmission of CAEV to the does genital tack seven days after insemination, and (ii) irrespective of the medical status of the semen or the recipient doe, it is possible to obtain CAEV-free early embryos usable for embryo transfer.
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PMID:Is caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) transmitted vertically to early embryo development stages (morulae or blastocyst) via in vitro infected frozen semen? 2234 7

A 50-year-old woman presented for evaluation of an enlarging right cardiophrenic angle mass. Two years prior she complained of intermittent nausea, diarrhea, and flushing. Initial chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) suggested a pericardial cyst. Due to the onset of increasing dyspnea on exertion, lower extremity edema, and weight gain repeat CT was performed revealing a solid tumor. An Indium-111 octreotide scan showed somatostatin activity limited to the pericardiac mass. Histology after resection confirmed the diagnosis of peripheral bronchial carcinoid. The traditional differential diagnosis for a right cardiophrenic angle mass was misleading in this patient.
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PMID:Peripheral Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor Presenting as a Right Cardiophrenic Angle Mass. 2730 75

Bone marrow abnormalities in SLE are now becoming increasingly recognized, suggesting that the bone marrow may also be an important site of target organ damage. In this study, we present a rare case of concurrent autoimmune hemophagocytic syndrome and autoimmune myelofibrosis, potentially life-threatening conditions, in a newly diagnosed SLE patient. We report a case of a 30-year-old Filipino woman who presented with a one-year history of fever, constitutional symptoms, exertional dyspnea, joint pains, and alopecia and physical examination findings of fever, facial flushing, cervical lymphadenopathies, and knee joint effusions. Laboratory workup revealed pancytopenia with leukoerythroblastosis, elevated ESR, increased serum levels of transaminases, elevated CRP and LDH, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, proteinuria, hepatomegaly, and positive antinuclear antibody. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy revealed hemophagocytosis and moderate myelofibrosis. The patient was diagnosed with SLE with concomitant autoimmune-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and autoimmune myelofibrosis. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids led to dramatic clinical improvement with normalization of laboratory data and complete resolution of bone marrow hemophagocytosis and myelofibrosis. Hemophagocytosis and myelofibrosis, although uncommon, are possible initial manifestations of SLE and should be included in the differential diagnosis of cytopenias in SLE. Thorough clinical assessment and microscopic bone marrow examination and timely initiation of corticosteroid therapy are essential in the diagnosis and management of these potentially life-threatening conditions. This case emphasizes that the bone marrow is an important site of target organ damage in SLE, and evaluation of cytopenias in SLE should take this into consideration.
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PMID:Autoimmune-Associated Hemophagocytosis and Myelofibrosis in a Newly Diagnosed Lupus Patient: Case Report and Literature Review. 3072 51