Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute (single dose), 2-week, and 3-month toxicology studies were conducted with detirelix, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist, in rats and cynomolgus monkeys. Acute studies were conducted by intravenous and subcutaneous injection. Subchronic studies were conducted by daily subcutaneous injection. Clinical signs after a single intravenous dose included lethargy, edema, cyanosis, pallor, and red ears in rats at greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/kg and lethargy and facial flushing in monkeys at greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg. In subchronic studies, detirelix at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/kg/day (rats) and at greater than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg/day (monkeys) produced atrophy of the reproductive organs, inhibition of ovulation and spermatogenesis, decreased body weight gain in male rats and monkeys, and increased body weight gain in female rats. In the rat, morbidity and/or mortality occurred throughout the treatment phase at a subcutaneous dose of greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/kg/day. In both species, the time to recovery of normal reproductive organ morphology and function was directly related to dose. Exogenous testosterone decreased the severity of reproductive and body weight effects in male rats. In conclusion, the acute effects of detirelix were consistent with peripheral vasodilation. Subchronic effects were associated with inhibition of pituitary gonadotropic and gonadal hormone secretion.
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PMID:Acute and subchronic toxicity studies with detirelix, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist, in the rat and monkey. 179 54

A large hypertensive population of patients in general practice was used to assess the tolerability of nifedipine in previously untreated patients and was compared with other antihypertensive drugs in previously treated patients. A total of 3972 patients with a sitting diastolic blood pressure between 95 and 115 mmHg were treated with 20 mg nifedipine twice daily for 1 month. In non-responders the dose was increased to 40 mg twice daily for a second month; responders continued to take 20 mg twice daily. A total of 2772 patients had been previously untreated for hypertension, whereas 857 had previously been treated with beta-blockers alone or in combination and 346 had received diuretics alone or in combination. Adverse events were recorded for 28 days prior to treatment being initiated with or changed to nifedipine and for two 28-day nifedipine treatment periods. Flushing and headache, which diminished with time, occurred during nifedipine treatment. Ankle oedema did not diminish with time. Reductions were seen in occurrences of dyspnoea, impotence, lethargy and cold extremities.
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PMID:General practice data derived tolerability assessment of antihypertensive drugs. 280 16

We conducted a phase I trial of caracemide, a new chemotherapeutic agent, which is active in the MX1 (mammary) and CX1 (colon) human tumor xenografts. Using a 5-day bolus schedule, dose-limiting toxicity consisting of burning perioral pain associated with flushing, nasal stuffiness, and excess lacrimation was seen at 650 mg/m2/day. Using a 5-day continuous-infusion schedule, dose-limiting toxicity in the form of changes in affect, lethargy, disorientation, and cognitive dysfunction with electroencephalogram abnormalities was noted at 800 mg/m2/day. The recommended phase II dose levels are 525 mg/m2/day using the 5-day bolus schedule and 650 mg/m2/day using the continuous-infusion schedule. Because of venous pain at the site of infusion, the drug must be delivered via central venous access. The pathophysiology of both the peripheral and central side effects of caracemide may be related to increased cholinergic activity.
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PMID:Phase I trial of caracemide using bolus and infusion schedules. 354 56

The use of physostigmine for the treatment of jimsonweed ingestion remains controversial. We have reviewed the records of 29 cases reported to the Kentucky Regional Poison Center (KRPC) over a 7-y period during which time physostigmine was not recommended by the Center to assess the results of conservative therapy. 28/29 cases represented intentional abuse; 26/29 were males and the mean age for the group was 18.9 y (range 16 mo to 39 y). The reported ingested amounts ranged from a few to 1/2-cup of seeds. Typical mild anticholinergic symptoms including mydriasis, tachycardia, flushing, hallucinations, and both agitated behavior and lethargy were observed. No patient had life-threatening symptoms. All cases were referred to the Emergency Department, although only 20 complied. Of these, 17 were admitted for stays of 1-3 d (mean 1.8). Seventeen patients received activated charcoal on recommendation of the KRPC. Three patients with hallucinations received 1 or more doses of valium or haloperidol for sedation. All patients recovered uneventfully. We conclude that conservative treatment of jimsonweed ingestion is safe and adequate.
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PMID:Conservative treatment of jimsonweed ingestion. 843 47

Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) intoxication has been infrequently reported in both children and adults in the literature. In this article, the clinical and laboratory findings of 49 children with acute deadly nightshade intoxication are reviewed. Our purpose was to enlighten the findings of deadly nightshade intoxication in childhood. The most common observed symptoms and signs were meaningless speech, tachycardia, mydriasis, and flushing. None of the children required mechanical ventilation or died in our series. The patients were categorized into two groups, mild/moderate and severe intoxication. Children with and without encephalopathy were accepted as severe and mild/moderate intoxication, respectively. While 43 children were placed in the group of mild/moderate intoxication, six were in severe intoxication group. We found that meaningless speech, lethargy, and coma were more common, but tachycardia was less common in the severe intoxication group (children with encephalopathy) (P < 0.05). In the treatment, neostigmine was used in all children because of no available physostigmine in our country. In conclusion, our findings showed that the initial signs and symptoms of acute deadly nightshade intoxication might be severe in some children, but no permanent sequel and death were seen in children. We also showed that meaningless speech, lethargy, coma, and absence of tachycardia were ominous signs in deadly nightshade intoxication in childhood. Lastly, we suggest that neostigmine may be used in cases of deadly nightshade intoxication if physostigmine cannot be available.
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PMID:Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) intoxication: an analysis of 49 children. 1499 29

Smoking causes a variety of adverse effects on organs that have no direct contact with the smoke itself such as the liver. It induces three major adverse effects on the liver: direct or indirect toxic effects, immunological effects and oncogenic effects. Smoking yields chemical substances with cytotoxic potential which increase necro-inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, smoking increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF- alpha) that would be involved in liver cell injury. It contributes to the development of secondary polycythemia and in turn to increased red cell mass and turnover which might be a contributing factor to secondary iron overload disease promoting oxidative stress of hepatocytes. Increased red cell mass and turnover are associated with increased purine catabolism which promotes excessive production of uric acid. Smoking affects both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses by blocking lymphocyte proliferation and inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. Smoking also increases serum and hepatic iron which induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation that lead to activation of stellate cells and development of fibrosis. Smoking yields chemicals with oncogenic potential that increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with viral hepatitis and are independent of viral infection as well. Tobacco smoking has been associated with suppression of p53 (tumour suppressor gene). In addition, smoking causes suppression of T-cell responses and is associated with decreased surveillance for tumour cells. Moreover, it has been reported that heavy smoking affects the sustained virological response to interferon (IFN) therapy in hepatitis C patients which can be improved by repeated phlebotomy. Smoker's syndrome is a clinico-pathological condition where patients complain of episodes of facial flushing, warmth of the palms and soles of feet, throbbing headache, fullness in the head, dizziness, lethargy, prickling sensation, pruritus and arthralgia.
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PMID:Heavy smoking and liver. 1703 78

Topiramate is one of the newer generation antiepileptic drugs with a beneficial clinical effect on various seizure types. In this study, we present the clinical findings of hypohidrosis and hyperthermia with topiramate in pediatric patients. The data were collected retrospectively on 173 patients diagnosed as epilepsy on topiramate treatment, and hypohidrosis-related symptoms induced by topiramate were found in 22 patients. Their mean age was 64.45 +/- 56.63 months. The mean duration of topiramate treatment was 7.09 +/- 2.46 months, and the mean dose was 5.37 +/- 1.75 mg/kg/day. All of the patients complained of hypohidrosis and hyperthermia. Six (27.2%) of them had facial flushing, 4 (18.1%) had heat sensation and only 1 (4.5%) had lethargy. Hypohidrosis-related symptoms resolved after discontinuation of the medication. In conclusion, children treated with topiramate should be cautioned regarding these potential adverse effects and advised to avoid its use during the hot summer season.
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PMID:Hypohidrosis and hyperthermia during topiramate treatment in children. 2342 16

Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. The majority of these events, such as flushing, headache, malaise, fever, chills, fatigue and lethargy, are transient and mild. However, some rare side effects, including renal impairment, thrombosis, arrhythmia, aseptic meningitis, hemolytic anemia, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), are serious. These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. Adverse effects are rarely disabling or fatal, treatment mainly involves supportive measures, and the majority of affected patients have a good prognosis.
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PMID:Adverse Effects of Immunoglobulin Therapy. 2995 Oct 56