Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The penetration of rufloxacin into prostatic tissue and prostatic fluid was investigated in 16 patients undergoing elective transurethral prostate resection. Rufloxacin 400 mg was given orally approximately 16 h before surgery with a further dose of 200 mg approximately 5 h before surgery. Sampling was inadequate in three patients. One patient reported transient flushing and headache after the first dose of rufloxacin and was hence withdrawn from the study. In the remaining 12 evaluable patients, the mean ratios of rufloxacin concentrations (determined by HPLC) in prostatic tissue and fluid to the plasma concentration were 1.9 and 1.5, respectively. There were no significant differences between the tissue penetration ratios in different parts of the prostate. The levels of rufloxacin found in prostate tissue and fluid, in this study, exceeded the MICs for most micro-organisms causing chronic bacterial prostatitis.
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PMID:Penetration of rufloxacin into human prostatic tissue and fluid. 166 90

A randomized multicentre between-patient study comparison has been made of the efficacy and tolerability of cadralazine and prazosin, both administered for 6 weeks to hypertensive patients with a supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 95 mmHg whilst on a beta-adrenoceptor-blocker. The doses of the beta-adrenoceptor-blocker (metoprolol SR 200 mg once daily) and cadralazine (10 mg once daily) were held constant during the study, while prazosin was individually titrated from 0.5 mg to a maximum of 2 mg tds. 108 patients (50 m and 58 f; mean age 54 y) were enrolled in 12 centres. Twelve patients withdrew due to adverse effects or poor efficacy (5 patients on prazosin and 7 on cadralazine). Both treatments induced a similar significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP, allowing normalization of BP in 58% of subjects on cadralazine and 55% on prazosin. Heart Rate (hR) increased significantly from 67 to 72 beats.min-1 in those on cadralazine and from 65 to 69 beats.min-1 on prazosin. Body weight was unchanged. Adverse effects were mild and typical of vasodilators, such as headache, flushing and dizziness. Physician evaluation of drug efficacy was not different between drugs, and cadralazine was rated better in terms of tolerability. Thus, in this multicentre study, cadralazine in the fixed dose of 10 mg once daily, as a second-step antihypertensive treatment in patients not satisfactorily controlled by a beta-adrenoceptor-blocker, was as effective and showed a similar side effect profile to prazosin given three times daily.
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PMID:Cadralazine versus prazosin as second-step treatment in hypertensive patients on beta-blockers: a randomized multicentre study. The Italian Multicentre Study Group. 167 90

Hypertensive patients who had previously taken part in double-blind, controlled studies were treated with open-label felodipine for 1 year: 377 had felodipine added to a beta-blocker and 94 were receiving monotherapy. In the first group, supine blood pressure (BP), measured at the beginning of the double-blind period, was reduced from 172 +/- 23/107 +/- 8 to 140 +/- 20/86 +/- 8 mm Hg at the end of 1 year of therapy. In the monotherapy group, BP was reduced from 170 +/- 22/101 +/- 7 mm Hg measured before treatment to 149 +/- 17/90 +/- 9 mm Hg after 1 year. The most common adverse experiences that led to withdrawal were peripheral edema, headache, flushing, and dizziness. No development of tolerance was noted.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of hypertension with felodipine. 169 11

Felodipine is a dihydropyridine that blocks the slow entry channel for calcium. It is highly vascular selective and reduces blood pressure (BP) by dilatation of peripheral arterioles. It reduces BP in mild, moderate, and severe hypertension, and the fall in BP depends upon the initial level. It has been compared with a variety of other drugs as monotherapy or as add-on therapy. In these studies, felodipine (10-40 mg/day) has caused a similar or greater fall in BP and a similar or greater percentage of patients have achieved a diastolic BP less than or equal to 90 mm Hg. The plain tablet of felodipine needs to be given twice a day but an extended-release form can be given once daily. Some patients respond to 5 mg/day and most patients respond to a daily dose of 20 mg or less. The adverse effects are few except for a constellation of symptoms related to the vasodilator ability of the drug. These include palpitations, flushing, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. These occur, if at all, usually within the first 2 weeks and diminish as the drug is continued. They can be limited by starting on a small dose of felodipine (5 mg/day). People who have these adverse effects usually have a good response to the drug. Another adverse effect, which is the most frequent reason for drug withdrawal, is ankle edema. This is more common on the higher doses of the drug. It is due to dilatation of the precapillary resistance vessels rather than sodium and water retention. Felodipine is a useful and effective antihypertensive drug and can be used as monotherapy or added to other antihypertensive drugs. It is effective in people with all grades of hypertension.
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PMID:A review of the antihypertensive effects of felodipine alone or in combination. 169 35

Hypertensive patients, particularly the elderly, may often suffer from other diseases. Therefore, antihypertensive compounds should not negatively affect such disorders. Felodipine is a calcium antagonist that has potentially beneficial effects in angina pectoris and congestive heart failure. Further, it does not adversely affect lung function in asthmatic patients or glucose tolerance in patients with diabetes. Preliminary investigations also indicate that felodipine has no negative influence on plasma lipid levels. Although felodipine seems to be safe in most patients, treatment with felodipine should at present be avoided in pregnant women, since digital anomalies have been observed in rabbit fetuses. The adverse effects seen during treatment with felodipine are usually mild and transient and generally related to the vasodilatory action of the drug, the most common being ankle edema, headache, flushing, dizziness, and palpitations. The only significant drug interactions with felodipine occur with inducers and inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450 system, which is responsible for the metabolism of felodipine.
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PMID:The safety of felodipine. 169 36

The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the new calcium antagonist isradipine was assessed in 86 hypertensive patients who had pretreatment diastolic blood pressures (DBP) greater than or equal to 105 mm Hg and who were randomly allocated to a double-blind comparison of three different dosage regimens: 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg b.i.d., and placebo. A 2-week run-in period was followed by a 4-week course of treatment. Isradipine reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures dose-dependently; the normalization rate (DBP less than or equal to 90 mm Hg) was 5% with placebo and 29, 55, and 64% with isradipine 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg b.i.d., respectively. The proportion of patients experiencing at least a 10 mm Hg reduction in sitting DBP was 29, 67, 86, and 91%, respectively. All three dosages proved to be significantly effective compared to placebo. Neither heart rate nor blood pressure regulation in orthostasis were influenced. The main side effects were headache, dizziness, and flushing; isradipine 1.25 and 2.5 mg b.i.d. were well tolerated (not significantly different from placebo). In conclusion, isradipine 2.5 mg b.i.d. appears to be the potential dose of first choice, exhibiting a favorable benefit-risk profile.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of the new calcium antagonist isradipine in essential hypertension. 169 4

The new calcium antagonist isradipine was compared with nifedipine retard in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study involving 159 patients with mild hypertension. A 2-week run-in period was followed by a 6-week course of treatment with the possibility of dose doubling after 3 weeks, depending on blood pressure (BP) response (target diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg). Systolic and diastolic BPs were reduced by isradipine (mean dose of 3.6 mg daily) from 151/101 to 136/89 mm Hg, by nifedipine (mean dose of 50 mg daily) from 155/101 to 144/90 mm Hg, and by placebo from 155/101 to 154/99 mm Hg. Normalization rates were 64% with isradipine, 56% with nifedipine, and 16% with placebo. Adverse events consisted mainly of flushing, headache, edema, and dizziness. Altogether, 8 patients receiving isradipine experienced adverse events in comparison to 21 taking nifedipine and 4 taking placebo. The superior tolerability of isradipine was paralleled by a significant improvement in the subjective well-being of the patients as assessed by the von Zerssen questionnaire (List of Complaints). With nifedipine and placebo, no statistically significant improvement was observed.
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PMID:Calcium antagonists as first-line antihypertensive agents: a placebo-controlled, comparative trial of isradipine and nifedipine. 169 8

The efficacy of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, was investigated in a placebo-controlled trial in 109 diabetics with ischemic lesions. 56 patients were randomly allocated to iloprost and 53 patients to placebo. Iloprost was intravenously applied for 6 hours daily on 28 consecutive days at an individually tolerated dose up to 2 ng/kg/min. The control group received identical solvent volumes. In addition all patients had an intensive basic, mainly local, therapy. At the end of the treatment in the iloprost group 31 of 50 patients (62%) showed partial (greater than 30%) or total healing of the lesion(s). In the placebo group this was the case in 12 of 51 patients (22.5%). The difference of 38.5% was statistically significant (p less than 0.05, chi 2-test, alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.1). The percentage of patients who were free of pain increased from 23% to 42% (+19%) in the iloprost group and from 38% to 48% (+10%) in the placebo group. After dose-titration iloprost was well tolerated. Flush, headache and abdominal complaints were the most frequent side effects. Heart rate and blood pressure were not influenced and the control of diabetes was not altered.
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PMID:[Iloprost in the treatment of ischemic tissue lesions in diabetics. Results of a placebo-controlled multicenter study with a stable prostacyclin derivative]. 169 72

The innervation of the cranial vessels by the trigeminal nerve, the trigeminovascular system, has recently been the subject of study in view of its possible role in the mediation of some aspects of migraine. Since stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion in humans leads to facial pain and flushing and associated release of powerful neuropeptide vasodilator substances, their local release into the extracerebral circulation of humans was determined in patients who had either common or classic migraine. Venous blood was sampled from both the external jugular and cubital fossa ipsilateral to the side of headache. Plasma levels of neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide were determined using sensitive radioimmunoassays for each peptide, and values for the cubital fossa and external jugular and a control population were compared. A substantial elevation of the calcitonin gene-related peptide level in the external jugular but not the cubital fossa blood was seen in both classic and common migraine. The increase seen in classic migraine was greater than that seen with common migraine. The other peptides measured were unaltered. This finding may have importance in the pathophysiology of migraine.
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PMID:Vasoactive peptide release in the extracerebral circulation of humans during migraine headache. 169 72

The clinical efficacy of the prostacyclin analogue iloprost was studied during a 2 week treatment and 6 month follow-up period in 103 patients with ischaemic ulcers who were randomised to receive active treatment or placebo. Responders were defined as those patients who achieved healing of at least one third of the ulcer area during the study period. The overall responder rate was 41.3%, compared with 25% for the control group (P = 0.086). Side effects including flushing and headache, were common. The study population had a mortality of 23% during the 6 month period, the amputation rate was 43.5% for iloprost and 50% for placebo treated patients. In this severely diseased population of patients a treatment period limited to 2 weeks did not sufficiently improve ulcer healing.
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PMID:A stable prostacyclin analogue (iloprost) in the treatment of ischaemic ulcers of the lower limb. A Scandinavian-Polish placebo controlled, randomised multicenter study. 169 14


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