Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) fire retardant, FireMaster FF-1, was pyrolyzed for 20 min at 380-400 degrees C in open glass tubes and in tubes sealed after nitrogen flushing. The pyrolyzed residue was extracted with benzene, and extracts were cleaned up on columns of graphite (Carbopack A) and alumina. Analysis was carried out by low resolution direct probe mass spectrometry (MS). Spectra from extracts of the open tube pyrolyzed material had a series of ions characteristic of tetra- and pentabrominated dibenzofurans as evidenced by comparison with spectra from 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (TBDF). Confirmatory evidence for the brominated dibenzofurans was obtained by high resolution MS dual ion analysis of certain fragment and molecular ions. Recovery values of TBDF through the cleanup procedure averaged 50% and, using this recovery value and TBDF as an external standard, dual ion analyses indicated that 40 ppm tetra- and 4 ppm pentabrominanted dibenzofuran were produced based on the PBB level used in the pyrolysis experiments. Additional analysis of the open tube pyrolyzed material by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry provided evidence that there was one tetrabromodibenzofuran compound with a retention time equal to that of TBDF. Trace levels (less than 1 ppm) of the molecular ion of tetrabrominated dibenzofuran were found after analysis by low resolution MS of the PBB pyrolyzed under nitrogen in sealed tubes. The experimental evidence is consistent with a mechanism for brominated dibenzofuran formation involving attack of oxygen on PBB compounds.
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PMID:Formation of brominated dibenzofurans from pyrolysis of the polybrominated biphenyl fire retardant, firemaster FF-1. 20 98

Administration of the anti-hypertensive agent clonidine as a single (0.5 mg) oral dose or as multiple doses (0.2-0.4 mg/day for 4 days) markedly reduced plasma catecholamines (decrement = 81 +/- 3% and 68 +/- 5%, respectively; X +/- SE, % of basal; both P less than 0.001) in normal male volunteers. Five patients with various metabolic disorders showed similar responses. The absolute decrements in plasma catecholamines correlated significantly with basal catecholamine levels (P less than 0.001). Clonidine-induced decrements in mean arterial blood pressure correlated significantly with decrements in plasma catecholamines (P less than 0.001). The clonidine effect upon catecholamine levels was reversed by phentolamine (clonidine = -68 +/- 5%; clonidine with phentolamine = -1 +/- 16%). The decrements in catecholamines induced by clonidine in normal subjects were associated with increased sensitivity to the pressor effect of infusion of exogenous norepinephrine. In an analogous fashion flushing associated with endogenous adrenergic discharge was blocked by clonidine, whereas that due to exogenous catecholamines was intensified. These data are compatible with data in experimental animals suggesting that clonidine acts at least in part by interaction with a central alpha adrenergic receptor.
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PMID:Suppression of plasma catecholamines and flushing by clonidine in man. 22 15

The mean minimum generation time in shake culture in urine of 6 urinary isolates of Escherichia coli (21.7 +/- 0.6 min) was significantly shorter (P = 0.0003) than that of 14 isolates of less common urinary pathogens (46.0 +/- 18.6 min). Mixed populations of approximately equal numbers of E. coli cells paired with other urinary, fecal, and urethral organisms were introduced into a laboratory model of the lower human urinary tract. This model used urine as a medium and reproduced some features of the balance between bacterial growth and the flushing effect of urine. After 24 h E. coli formed greater than or equal to 99% of the bacterial population in the bladder model for 16 our of 18 pairs of isolates examined. Relatively high oxygen tensions in urine sample from 18 healthy women (10.9 +/- 22. kPA) and 18 infected patients (8.0 +/- 4.3 kPa) may explain why anaerobic urinary infections are uncommon. The rapid growth rate of E. coli may be one explanation why it is the commonest cause of urinary infection even though it is relatively uncommon at the urethral meatus.
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PMID:Role of bacterial growth rates in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of urinary infections in women. 23 Jan 98

A statistical analysis of 628 consecutive catheter tip cultures is presented. All were from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The previously noted effects of early removal are shown to be significant. The possible effects of stasis, flushing, handling, and place of insertion are discussed. The unresolved significance of isolations of aerobic sporing bacilli is noted, and a decreasing incidence of postoperative infective endocarditis in the same group of patients is an encouraging sign.
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PMID:Analysis of results of catheter tip cultures in open-heart surgery patients. 23 1

During the last decade the non-surgical management of gallbladder stones has become possible. Oral chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and more recently, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), have proved to be safe and effective. For the treatment of bile duct stones, various methods including flushing, chemical dissolution and mechanical procedures are now available. A combination of these techniques can be used in a logical sequence and should enable the successful treatment of most patients with bile ducts stones.
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PMID:The non-operative management of gallstones. 28 93

The management of 26 patients with retained stones in the biliary tree after surgery is described. Various methods have been used, but intermittent rapid flushing with one litre of isotonic saline solution, together with a slow infusion of heparin solution via the T tube, was the most successful. It required no specialized equipment, and is recommended as the first choice in treatment.
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PMID:Retained gallstones: the choice of the method of management. 28 25

A group of 176 patients undergoing cardiac surgery utilizing a technique of rapid core hypothermic cardioplegia with a hyperosmotic solution is presented. A cold, 2 to 4 degrees C hyperosmotic (396 mOsm) perfusate, injected under pressure, induced cardiac arrest without fibrillation within 2 to 4 seconds in every instance. At the end of each procedure, flushing of the cold solution out of the coronary system re-establishes spontaneous normal sinus cardiac rhythm in 96% (119 of 124) of coronary surgical procedures, 69% (11 of 16) of aortic valve replacements, 62% (10 of 16) of mitral valve replacements, 55% (five of nine) of aortic valve replacements combined with multiple coronary grafting, 57% (four of seven) of mitral valve replacement combined with multiple coronary grafting, and in 50% (two of four) of double valve replacements. Combined core and topical hypothermia with ice slush used in valve replacements and combined valve with coronary operations allowed periods of total ischemia up to 134 minutes without signs of detectable myocardial damage.
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PMID:Cardioplegia without fibrillation or defibrillation in cardiac surgery. 30 Sep 6

Determination of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency with water-soluble contrast medium is a simple, rapid, reliable, and safe technique. Since September, 1974, the authors performed 113 examinations. With the Spitz-Holter valve, only the atrial catheter can be studied, but, with the Pudenz valve and with the shunting devices that have a double-dome reservoir, both the proximal and the distal catheter can be visualized. Through the ventricular catheter a full ventriculographic study can be made, demonstrating ventricular size, malposition of the catheter, and the lesion that caused the hydrocephalus, or its evolution. The problem of collapsed ventricules, in which clinical and "manual" evaluation of the flushing device can give misleading findings, is emphasized. The injection of the atrial or peritoneal catheter in the pathological cases demonstrated its blockage, level of disconnection, malposition, sleeve, or cyst formation. Computerized tomography has only slightly decreased the number of these studies: when the ventricles are large, the examination with water-soluble contrast medium is still needed to demonstrate the exact level of malfunction. This demonstration has decreased the number of the total revisions complete changes of shunting systems, eliminating some unnecessary changes of normally functioning catheters.
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PMID:Determination of cerebrospinal fluid shunt function with water-soluble contrast medium. 30 97

Specific binding of 14C-amiloride to the mucosal surface of frog skin epithelium (Rana temporaria) has been used as a measure of the number of sodium entry sites. All binding measurements were made with the mucosal surface bathed in a solution containing 1.1 mM sodium. When manipulations were used which increased the intracellular concentration of sodium the amount of amiloride bound was reduced. The manipulations included flushing the mucosal surface with solutions containing 111 mM sodium after serosal efflux was inhibited with ouabain or potassium removal. Similar results were obtained when cells were loaded with lithium. These effects on amiloride binding did not appear to depend on changes in membrane potential or upon changes in affinity of amiloride for its binding site. It appears that inhibition of serosal sodium efflux from the epithelium causes a reduction of mucosal sodium influx by making entry sites unavailable. This latter may be a result, directly or indirectly, of the sodium concentration in the sodium transport pool.
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PMID:Interdependence of the two borders in a sodium transporting epithelium. Possible regulation by the transport pool. 31 Apr 68

We report here the usefulness of ventriculography by means of percutaneous injection of a recently developed water-soluble contrast medium of great safety through a shunt flushing reservoir; the method is called trans-reservoiral ventriculography (TRV), and is presented here in twelve clinical cases. The TRV is especially useful in observing the course of brain tumour after either surgical or non-surgical treatment.
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PMID:Trans-reservoiral ventriculography (TRV). 31 78


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