Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty three patients with essential hypertension who were uncontrolled on diuretic and/or beta-receptor antagonist therapy were treated additionally with the vasodilator, pinacidil, in an open study. Significant reduction in mean blood pressure was achieved. Supine and erect systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell by 44/25 mmHg and 37/24 mmHg respectively over the study period of 12 weeks. Side-effects such as dizziness, headache, facial flushing and mild oedema were experienced by 10 patients during the study, all of which were mild and transient and did not require withdrawal from pinacidil therapy. Pinacidil is an effective and well tolerated agent in the treatment of essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Pinacidil, a new vasodilator, in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. 400 40

Fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, 22 males and 29 females with a mean age of 51 (range, 28 to 65 years), were studied for more than 12 months in a controlled clinical trial with nitrendipine, a new calcium antagonist agent. No differences in age, severity of hypertension, and other risk factors between the two sexes were detected. Forty-four of 51 patients completed the study, and 38 (86.4%) achieved a normalization of blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 196.0 +/- 12.9 mm Hg (means +/- SD) during placebo to 171.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg (12.6%, p less than 0.001) after 12 months. Mean diastolic blood pressure at the same time decreased from 109.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 88.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (18.8%, p less than 0.001). Heart rate also decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01) after the fifth week. A significant change in weight was not observed throughout the trial. Plasma potassium remained unchanged during the year, and plasma sodium after a transient increase (p less than 0.001) in the fifth week returned very close to basal levels in the sixth month. Side-effects were observed in 17 patients, 5 of whom had to leave the trial, but in the rest they were usually mild and transient. These were mainly frontal and occipital headache, facial flushing, ankle and pretibial oedema, and dizziness. No relationship was detected between side-effects and body weight or plasma sodium disturbances. Preliminary data on a separate group of 27 elderly patients (66-83 years) showed a better and faster effect of nitrendipine given in low doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Clinical experience with long-term nitrendipine treatment in essential hypertension. 608 73

The safety, tolerability and efficacy of PN 200-110, a new calcium antagonist with minimal negative inotropic effects, were studied in twelve patients with stable angina pectoris and coronary artery disease. The study design was single-blind and placebo-controlled and increasing doses of the drug were used on consecutive days to investigate a dose response relationship. Eleven patients completed the trial. Response to the drug was evaluated using symptom limited cycle ergometric exercise. PN 200-110 in all three tested doses of 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg significantly increased the resting heart rate (p less than 0.02) and the exercise time to the onset of angina pectoris (p less than 0.02). Doses above 2.5 mg did not appear to improve the exercise parameters evaluated. Four patients had side effects probably due to PN 200-110 but these were mild and included dizziness, headache and flushing. There were no abnormal results from haematological and biochemical screening or from urine testing. We conclude that PN 220-110 can be given safely to patients with coronary artery disease without producing deleterious effects on blood pressure either at rest or during exercise.
 ...
PMID:Safety, tolerability and efficacy of PN 200-110, a new calcium antagonist in patients with angina and coronary heart disease. 624 Apr 5

Thirty-four patients were submitted to the conventional cervical myelography by administration of metrizamide (Amipaque) through three routes (lumbar 23, suboccipital 6, C1-C2 lateral 5). After the injection of metrizamide (4-11 ml, 170-250 mgI/ml), all procedures of the cervical myelography were done as soon as possible within 9 minutes. The adverse reactions of Amipaque were observed in 29 cases (85%) out of 34 cases initially 1 hour after cervical myelography and disappeared completely in an average of 16 hours. The total number of the side effects was 140 incidences such as meningeal irritation (headache 18, nausea 17, vomiting 17), cerebellar signs (dizziness 11, dysarthria 8, tremor 5, bradylalia 2, dysmetria 2, tipsy feeling 2, dysdiadochokinesis 1), autonomic signs (flushing 7, pale face 4, fever 4, sweating 2, hiccup 2, fatigability 2, micturition disturbance 1), sensory signs (exacerbation of numbness 6, perioral numbness 3, back pain 1, chest pain 1), motor signs (focal muscle spasm 5, exacerbation of paresis 4, areflexia 1), psychiatric signs (dysphasia 3, disturbance of consciousness 2, euphoria 1, persecutory delusion 1) and muddiness 7. We observed that waxing and waning of side effects correlated tightly with transient cortical penetration of dye in CT and cortical dysfunction mainly slowing of the background activity and slow wave burst in EEG. According to high frequency of side effects in our study, we suggest that a greater incidence of side effects may result when high concentration of Amipaque comes in contact with the cerebral cortex by using an inadequate fluoroscopic table which has only fixed one plane image and rough positioning control. Slow absorption into blood stream may affect appearance and maintenance of side effects. In order to decrease side effects after Amipaque cervical myelography, we propose that we should introduce a mobile rotating chair coupled with high power image and chose C1-C2 lateral route using 1500-1700mgI of Amipaque.
 ...
PMID:[Side effects of metrizamide (Amipaque) cervical myelography (author's transl)]. 711 May 15

The efficacy and safety of 0.3 mg buprenorphine on single and repeated intramuscular administration (every 4 to 8 hours as needed) were compared to those of 10 mg intramuscular morphine. Fifty adult patients experiencing moderate to severe postoperative pain were evaluated up to three days following surgery. Results showed that 0.3 mg buprenorphine was as effective as 10 mg morphine, whether given as a single dose or on a repeat-dose schedule. The patterns of analgesia were similar and without indication of increasing dosage requirements with time. Minor side effects encountered were brief and minimal, including such conditions as drowsiness, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, and nausea.
 ...
PMID:The study of analgesics following single and repeated doses. 722 17

Lacidipine is an orally administered calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class, which shows selectivity for vascular smooth muscle over cardiac tissue and has a long duration of action. In studies using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, lacidipine 2 to 8mg administered once daily in the morning reduced blood pressure over 24 hours, with the reductions being greater during the day than at night in some studies. 77 to 87% of patients with mild to moderate hypertension had their blood pressure controlled by treatment with lacidipine 2 to 8 mg/day for 1 to 4 months in dose-finding studies. When administered once daily, lacidipine 4 to 6 mg was equivalent in antihypertensive efficacy to hydrochlorothiazide 25 to 50 mg/day, atenolol 50 to 100 mg/day, and the prototype calcium channel blocker nifedipine 20 to 40 mg twice daily (sustained-release formulation). The adverse effects of lacidipine are those common to other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and include headache, flushing, ankle oedema, dizziness and palpitations. The long term effects of lacidipine on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and possible additional clinical benefits in terms of its antiatherosclerotic effects, are under investigation; the outcome of these studies will be important in defining the future role of this agent in the treatment of hypertension. Thus, available evidence suggests lacidipine provides a further alternative to the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers currently available for the treatment of essential hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Lacidipine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of hypertension. 752 28

The incidence of vasodilation-related events (flushing, headache, dizziness and oedema) was determined in a total of 37,670 patients treated with diltiazem, nicardipine, isradipine or amlodipine and studied by Prescription-Event Monitoring between 1984 and 1991. Event rates are expressed as the percentage of patients who experienced these events during the six months after the first prescription. The rates for all these events with the newer vasoselective dihydropyridines (nicardipine, isradipine and amlodipine) were higher than those with diltiazem. Among the three dihydropyridines, there were large individual differences in the rates. With nicardipine, the frequency of each of the four vasodilation-related events were similar to one another (approximately 3%). With isradipine, the rates were also similar to one another but all were approximately twice those measured in the nicardipine study (approximately 6%). These differences may have been due to confounding factors such as the publicity about adverse drug reactions, the indication for use by individual patients or the doses actually being used at the time the event occurred. With amlodipine, in contrast, the rate for oedema was two to four times larger than the rates for flushing, headache or dizziness.
 ...
PMID:Vasodilation-related adverse events in diltiazem and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists studied by prescription-event monitoring. 762 40

EFFECTS OF SHORTER-ACTING CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS: The antihypertensive effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists is highly correlated with the drug plasma concentration. These agents reduce blood pressure primarily via arteriolar vasodilation. More rapidly absorbed formulations such as the nifedipine capsule quickly produce a marked fall in blood pressure which tends to provoke a reflex increase in sympathetic nervous activity via the baroreceptor mechanism. These shorter-acting formulations are therefore more likely to be associated with vasodilatory side-effects such as flushing, palpitations, ankle edema, headaches and dizziness. ADVANTAGES OF LONGER-ACTING AGENTS: The link between pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and side effects becomes more evident when longer-acting agents such as nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) and amlodipine are examined. These drugs have a trough: peak ratio that approaches 1, and thus exert a uniform antihypertensive effect over the dose interval. They are associated with fewer side effects in consequence of less baroreceptor reflex stimulation. The net result is improved efficacy and greater patient tolerability of these compounds.
 ...
PMID:Dihydropyridine calcium antagonists and the trough: peak ratio: focus on adverse effects. 770 60

The diuretic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of CI-977, a new centrally acting selective kappa-opioid agonist, were determined in 16 healthy subjects. Subjects received single intramuscular doses of CI-977 (5, 15, or 25 micrograms) or placebo 1 week apart according to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-period, crossover design. Serial blood and urine specimens were collected after each dose. Significant dose-related decreases in negative free water clearance and urine osmolality and increases in urine volume were observed after administration of 15- and 25-micrograms doses of CI-977. CI-977 had no effect on urine electrolyte excretion or serum antidiuretic hormone. Absorption of CI-977 was rapid with individual tmax values ranging from 0.17 to 1.5 hours. Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) increased proportionally with dose. Individual elimination half-life values ranged from 0.6 to 3.3 hours and were independent of dose. Changes in free water clearance were related to CI-977 Cmax (r2 = 0.29, P = 0.0001) and AUC(0-4 hr) (r2 = 0.32, P = 0.0001) values. The most frequently reported adverse events after CI-977 administration were dizziness, fatigue, paresthesia, headache, vasodilatation (facial flushing), emotional lability, high feeling, and abnormal thinking. The frequency and intensity of adverse events increased with increasing CI-977 dose. In conclusion, CI-977 Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) increased in proportion to dose over the range of 5 to 25 micrograms; decreases in negative free water clearance were related to CI-977 dose and Cmax and AUC(0-4 hr) values; and the frequency and intensity of adverse events increased with increasing CI-977 dose.
 ...
PMID:Diuretic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a new centrally acting kappa-opioid agonist (CI-977) in humans. 787 6

A total of 4676 patients and 1759 patients were treated with lisinopril and nifedipine respectively in a post-marketing surveillance study conducted in general practice in the UK. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Most of the lisinopril patients had hypertension, but a small number (180) had heart failure. Most of the nifedipine patients had uncomplicated hypertension, but some (22.57%) had other cardiovascular disease with or without hypertension. Lisinopril and nifedipine were equally effective in reducing blood pressure. During the study, 1.5% of hypertensive patients assigned to lisinopril died compared with 1.8% of patients assigned to nifedipine, and 15.1% of lisinopril patients compared with 19.7% of patients in the nifedipine group withdrew because of adverse events. Cough, malaise and fatigue, nausea and vomiting were more frequent causes of withdrawal from lisinopril than nifedipine. Conversely, headaches, pallor and flushing, oedema and palpitations caused more frequent withdrawals from nifedipine. Anaemia was more often encountered on nifedipine treatment than on lisinopril. In hypertensive patients, the frequency of first-dose hypotension was similar on both treatments. Serious events occurred in 0.8% and 0.5% of patients given lisinopril and nifedipine respectively. Lisinopril was well tolerated by heart failure patients: 16 patients (8.88%) died and an incidence of 4.44% of serious adverse events was reported, a pattern to be anticipated in such patients; dizziness, giddiness, dyspnoea, cough, nausea and vomiting were the most frequent causes of withdrawal; the incidence of first-dose hypotension was low (2.22%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Post-marketing surveillance of lisinopril in general practice in the UK. 811 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>