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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated pupillary responses to parasympathetic (pilocarpine) and sympathetic agents (tyramine, cocaine, and phenylephrine) in a 51-year-old woman with tonic pupils, loss of muscle stretch reflexes in the limbs, and hemifacial loss of sweating and flushing (Ross' syndrome). A smaller pupillary response to tyramine and cocaine eyedrops on the symptomatic side indicated that outflow was disrupted in the postganglionic section of the ocular sympathetic pathway. A greater response to phenylephrine eyedrops on this side was consistent with denervation supersensitivity to adrenergic agents. Loss of thermoregulatory sweating and flushing and emotional blushing in the forehead, cheek, and chin indicated that sympathetic disruption was proximal to the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, probably in the superior cervical ganglion. A similar degenerative process may be responsible for loss of muscle stretch reflexes, tonic pupils, and other autonomic disturbances in Ross' syndrome.
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PMID:Loss of facial sweating and flushing in Holmes-Adie syndrome. 233 Jan 17

Sweating and flushing of the forehead and cheeks in response to body heating, embarrassment and strong gustatory stimulation were investigated in 23 patients with a unilateral lesion in the sympathetic pathway to the face. A lesion anywhere along this pathway impaired thermoregulatory sweating and flushing on the denervated side of the forehead in most patients and also of the cheek in some cases. Emotional sweating was also diminished on the denervated side of the forehead irrespective of the site of lesion, but impairment of emotional vasodilatation was noted only with peripheral (second or third neuron) lesions. These findings suggest that sympathetic vasodilator fibres accompany vasoconstrictor and sudomotor fibres through conventional sympathetic pathways to the face. Gustatory sweating and flushing were symmetrical in most patients but flushing was more marked on the denervated side in three cases. Gustatory sweating was accompanied by flushing on the denervated side of the forehead in one patient following section of the T2 and T3 roots. It is concluded that the cervical sympathetic outflow is the main pathway for thermoregulatory flushing and emotional blushing and that diminution or absence of such vasodilator reactions is a usual component of Horner's syndrome unless the responsible lesion is confined to the first thoracic root. Gustatory vasodilatation and sweating is preserved and becomes exaggerated in some instances.
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PMID:Facial flushing and sweating mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. 358 Aug 35

Several findings suggest that serotonin dysfunction may play at least a partial role in the etiology of social phobia. The cortisol response to fenfluramine, a serotonin agonist, is enhanced in patients with social phobia. Serotonin may be a common denominator between the blushing commonly seen in social phobics and the cutaneous flushing occurring in patients with carcinoid syndrome, although this is unlikely. Drugs that have demonstrated effectiveness in social phobia include the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clonazepam (a benzodiazepine that potentiates serotonin function and synthesis), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (which block the oxidative deamination of serotonin), and beta-adrenoceptor blockers (which control the synthesis of melatonin from serotonin). A variety of beta-blockers, some acting centrally and some peripherally, have been effective in the treatment of performance anxiety, a specific form of social phobia.
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PMID:Social phobia: everyone's disorder? 864 95

Rosacea is a common facial dermatitis that currently affects an estimated 13 million Americans. It is a chronic and progressive cutaneous vascular disorder, primarily involving the malar and nasal areas of the face. Rosacea is characterized by flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, telanglectasia, facial edema, ocular lesions, and, in its most advanced and severe form, rhinophyma. Ocular lesions are common, including mild conjunctivitis, burning, and grittiness. Blepharitis, the most common ocular manifestation, is a nonulcerative condition of the lid margins. Rosacea most commonly occurs between the ages of 30 to 60, and may be seen in women experiencing hormonal changes associated with menopause. Women are more frequently affected than men; the most severe cases, however, are seen in men. Fair complexioned individuals of Northern European descent are most likely to be at risk for rosacea; most appear to be pre-disposed to flushing and blushing. Alcohol, stress, spicy foods, and extremes of temperature have all been implicated, but have not been found to actually cause rosacea. Early diagnosis by the primary care practitioner, management with systemic antibiotics such as tetracycline, and topical agents such as metronidazole, in conjunction with patient education and lifestyle modifications, can achieve remission in most instances.
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PMID:Rosacea: recognition and management for the primary care provider. 935 15

Although blushing is an almost pathognomonic feature of social phobia, little is known about the neurobiology of blushing in this disorder. Nicotinic acid (100 mg), a vasodilator that may induce flushing, was administered to six male patients with generalized social phobia and to six healthy male controls. Compared with controls, patients demonstrated increased flushing, anxiety, autonomic activity, and temperature after nicotinic acid administration. Further controlled research is necessary to confirm and extend these pilot findings.
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PMID:Hyperresponsivity to nicotinic acid challenge in generalized social phobia: a pilot study. 992 22

Rosacea is one of the most commonly occurring inflammatory dermatoses treated by dermatologists today. Estimates suggest that at least 13 million Americans have recognized rosacea, and the clinical experience of most practitioners would add considerably more to that number. Rosacea is an inflammatory condition of the skin, classically presenting with a history of flushing and/or blushing along with the clinical findings of erythema, edema, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and nodules of the face. Severity and distribution vary considerably. A patient may have only a few scattered papules and pustules of the central third of the face or there may be numerous inflammatory, painful, tender, large nodules. In some cases, only the face may be affected. In other cases, there may be lesions of the scalp, neck, and/or torso. Although the exact etiology is unknown, rosacea is thought by most experts to be an inflammatory process incited by vascular instability with subsequent leakage of fluid and inflammatory mediators into the dermis.
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PMID:Treatment of rosacea with doxycycline monohydrate. 1095 98

Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist that increases salivary flow and has been used to treat xerostomia. Oral intake is the most frequent route of administration. Adverse effects are dose-dependent and include sudoresis, facial blushing and increased urinary frequency. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of topical pilocarpine solutions as mouthwashes on salivary flow and their adverse effects on healthy subjects. Forty volunteers received 10 ml 0.5, 1 and 2% pilocarpine solutions or 0.9% saline in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled manner. Salivation was measured before and 45, 60 and 75 min after mouth rinsing for 1 min with 10 ml of saline or pilocarpine solutions. Vital signs were measured and ocular, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms, anxiety and flushing were estimated using visual analog scales. There was a dose-dependent increase in salivation. Salivation measured after 1 and 2% pilocarpine (1.4 +/- 0.36 and 2.22 +/- 0.42 g, respectively) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than before (0.70 +/- 0.15 and 0.64 +/- 0.1 g), with a plateau between 45 and 75 min. Cardiovascular, visual, gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms and signs were not changed by topical pilocarpine. Mouth rinsing with pilocarpine solutions at concentrations of 1 to 2% induced a significant objective and subjective dose-dependent increase in salivary flow, similar to the results reported by others studying the effect of oral 5 mg pilocarpine. The present study revealed the efficacy of pilocarpine mouthwash solutions in increasing salivary flow in healthy volunteers, with no adverse effects. Additional studies on patients with xerostomia are needed.
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PMID:Effect of pilocarpine mouthwash on salivary flow. 1174 22

Flushing (reddening and blotching of the skin) is seen frequently at induction of anaesthesia, is associated with anaesthetic agents such as thiopental and muscle relaxants, and is attributed to histamine release. The changes are generally confined to the neck and upper chest (the blush area). In conscious subjects, the mechanisms responsible for blushing in the same skin distribution are well defined and neurally mediated. We investigated the relationship between a history of blushing easily and flushing after intravenous induction o f anaesthesia. We interviewed 898 patients about to undergo general anaesthesia and asked them if they blushed easily. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopental followed by suxamethonium and/or alcuronium. We noted skin colour and the presence of a flush every 5 min for 20 min. Women reported blushing more than men (47% of women, compared with 33% of men, p < 0.001), and blushing was more common in young people (p < 0.001). In those women with a history of blushing, 32% flushed on induction of anaesthesia, compared with 6% of those who did not blush. In men, a flush was seen in 22% of those who blushed, and in 0.2% of those who did not. These differences in the frequency of flushing were significant (p < 0.001). In conclusion, flushing after induction of anaesthesia appears to be related to individual predisposition and may be neurally mediated.
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PMID:The incidence of flushing on induction of anaesthesia in patients who blush easily. 1284 73

Rosacea is a common facial dermatosis, which may have detrimental effects on the patient's psychological and social interactions. It is a disease of the middle aged, skin types I and II are more often affected than darker skin types. Clinically, pre-rosacea, and rosacea grade I-III may be distinguished. Pre-rosacea is characterized by flushing and blushing, grade I to III by erythemato-teleangiectasies, papulopustules, and inflammatory nodules. Especially severe subtypes include rosacea conglobata and rosacea fulminans. Hyperglandular subtypes lead to different forms of phyma, of which Rhinophyma is the most frequent. Pathogenetically destruction of the dermal vessels and connective tissue seems to be decisive for the development of a chronic inflammation, which leads to the phenotype of the various forms of rosacea. Mild forms can be treated exclusively by topical medication. Antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclin), metronidazol, azelaic acid, and the retinoid adapalene have been shown to be effective in well controlled randomized studies. The best evaluated topical medication is metronidazol. In severe forms systemic therapy must be applied. Systemic antibiotics are effective and especially isotretinoin has shown a very good response even in low dose regimens. Rhinophyma must be treated surgically.
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PMID:[Rosacea. Clinical features, pathogenesis and therapy]. 1613 36

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition of the facial skin affecting the blood vessels and pilosebaceous units. Rosacea is more common in persons of northern and western European descent with a fair complexion, but it can affect skin of any color. Although symptoms may wax and wane during the short term, rosacea can progress with time. Patients usually present with complaints of flushing and blushing and sensitive skin, and their skin may be especially irritated by topical preparations. Rosacea has a variety of triggers; however, they may be unnoticed by the patient.Standard treatments approved by the FDA include azelaic acid, topical metronidazole, and oral tetracyclines, in particular minocycline and doxycycline. Other topical treatments include topical clindamycin, subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline, and sulfur products. Azithromycin and controlled-release minocycline are possible options for treating rosacea, but the FDA has not approved either agent for this indication.
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PMID:Rosacea: a review. 1956 4


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