Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BW 942C hydrochloride is an enkephalin analogue that has exhibited a wide separation between antidiarrheal dosages and dosages inducing adverse effects in animals. This has likewise been the case in humans when administered orally. In this study, the safety and tolerance of single 0.5-mg doses of intravenous BW 942C compared with placebo were assessed in humans. Four healthy male volunteers received BW 942C, and two received placebo. The effects of BW 942C on serum growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PR), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were assessed in three of these volunteers. No significant changes were apparent in vital signs, in clinical chemistry, hematologic and urine studies following BW 942C administration. BW 942C did not appear to alter mood as assessed by two psychologic mood scales. Prolactin levels tended to increase in volunteers receiving BW 942C two hours postinfusion. Luteinizing hormone concentrations decreased slightly at two and six hours. No trends in FSH or GH could be identified. Pulmonary function testing did not reveal any significant changes in oximetry, spirometry, or plethysmography in any of the subjects. A marked decrease in CO2 responsiveness in two subjects may indicate that BW 942C has mild ventilatory depressant effects. Untoward effects experienced in volunteers receiving BW 942C included heaviness in the limbs, nasal stuffiness, mouth dryness, facial flushing, skin rash, and prickling sensations. These effects bear a striking similarity to those experienced after parenteral administration of other enkephalin analogues. Intravenous administration of BW 942C up to 0.5 mg appears safe from a laboratory, physiologic, and clinical perspective with unusual untoward effects that may preclude rational use of the drug by the parenteral route.
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PMID:The acute effects of the enkephalin analogue BW 942C in humans. 311 77

Hormonal and cardiovascular responses to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) were investigated in six normal adult volunteers. After overnight fluid deprivation, an intravenous injection of either DDAVP (0.4 microgram/kg) or the same volume of normal saline was administered. One hour later an intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline was commenced and continued over two hours. Five minutes following the DDAVP injection, facial flushing, a fall in diastolic blood pressure by an average of 13% and a rise in pulse rate by an average of 18% were observed. There was a significant increase in plasma renin activity and plasma cortisol concentration, but no significant changes were observed in plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin or GH. Following osmotic stimulation by hypertonic saline plasma AVP rose to the same extent in both the DDAVP and control studies. DDAVP (0.4 microgram/kg) was also administered to five subjects with cranial diabetes insipidus. Again facial flushing, increased facial temperature, a fall in diastolic pressure and a rise in heart rate were all observed, suggesting that DDAVP exerts its cardiovascular actions by a mechanism other than antagonism of circulating endogenous AVP.
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PMID:Hormonal and cardiovascular responses to DDAVP in man. 351 5

A single intravenous injection of four hypothalamic releasing hormones-corticotropin-, growth hormone-, gonadotropin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormones-was administered to normal subjects. Except for the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level, a statistically significant increase in all anterior pituitary hormone levels occurred. Transient flushing was the only consistent side effect. In the same persons, results were compared with those obtained with insulin-induced hypoglycemia and a single-dose overnight metyrapone test. Growth hormone and cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were similar but prolactin increment was less than that obtained by the peptide injection. ACTH increments from both tests were substantially less than those obtained by the overnight metyrapone test. We conclude that pituitary function can be effectively studied in normal subjects by the combination of a metyrapone test with a triple bolus of growth hormone-, thytropin- and gonadotropin-releasing hormones, but not by a quadruple bolus of the hypothalamic peptides. Compared with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, this approach yields more information with fewer side effects.
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PMID:Quadruple injection of hypothalamic peptides to evaluate pituitary function in normal subjects. 391 7

Eighteen postmenopausal women with severe hot flashes had continuous recordings of finger temperature and skin resistance as objective indexes of flushing episodes, and serial measurements of anterior pituitary hormones as indirect indexes of hypothalamic neurotransmitter activity. Significant increases of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) occurred with maximal concentrations at 30, five, and 15 minutes, respectively, after the onset of the skin temperature rises. No significant fluctuations of prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were observed. The mean serum cortisol concentration increased 15 minutes after the hot flash, presumably consequent to the preceding elevation of ACTH. Pituitary ACTH release may be secondary to hypothalamic cooling, whereas increased growth hormone and LH output and the thermoregulatory adjustments comprising the flushing episodes are all consistent with cyclic episodes of increased hypothalamic norepinephrine activity.
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PMID:Pituitary hormones during the menopausal hot flash. 609 54

The author has studied the effects of the long-term administration (mean: 8 months) of veralipride in 12 menopausal women (7 naturally, 5 surgically). Veralipride was administered in a dose of one capsule daily, 20 days per month. Results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 6 cases and average in 2. In 9 cases out of 12, menopausal flushing totally disappeared. The study demonstrates good clinical tolerance to the drug and no repercussion on biological parameters other than a significant rise in prolactin levels.
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PMID:[Tolerance to veralipride administered for an extended time]. 653 85

Six postmenopausal women with frequent attacks of flushing were studied by measuring plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and noradrenaline concentrations at regular and frequent intervals and at the time of each of 82 flushes. The hormone measurements were made on a control day and on the second day during infusion of either naloxone (22 micrograms/min) or saline. The perception of a flush was associated with a significant increase of plasma LH concentrations. There were no significant changes in plasma FSH, prolactin or noradrenaline concentrations. Naloxone infusion resulted in a highly significant reduction in the frequency of flushes and in the number of LH pulses. We conclude that flushing and its neuro-endocrine correlates are related to activation of opiate receptors. Naloxone may provide the basis for a non-steroidal treatment of climacteric flushing attacks.
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PMID:Climacteric flushing: clinical and endocrine response to infusion of naloxone. 679 84

We have carried out a prospective survey of 25 cases of male hypogonadism attending one hospital, and a retrospective study of 73 men attending other endocrine clinics in Manchester. In total, 47 had pituitary disorders, 15 isolated gonadotrophin deficiency (including 4 with Kallmann's syndrome), 10 testicular atrophy of unknown cause, 12 testicular damage, 10 with Klinefelter's syndrome, and 4 had miscellaneous disorders. Our survey emphasises the importance of adequate history and examination. Most patients presented with reduced libido, with marital problems in 62% of married men. Less common problems were facial flushing, osteoporosis and gross obesity. Several patients with pituitary disorders were asymptomatic, even in the presence of visual field defects. Klinefelter's syndrome, and testicular atrophy, may present with infertility or gynaecomastia rather than symptoms of androgen deficiency. On examination, the presence of gynaecomastia or obesity were of no help in differential diagnosis, whereas visual field defects clearly indicated a pituitary cause. Measurement of height/span was of little help. The precise diagnosis was usually established with basal plasma LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin, with karyotype and pituitary radiology, and without more elaborate dynamic hormone tests. Testosterone esters given by intramuscular injection as "Sustanon 250" was the most commonly used replacement therapy. Improved libido usually resulted. Side-effect occurred in 10%, usually as muscle cramps, pain at the injection sites, acne, or excessive sex drive. One tragic case illustrates the potential dangers of androgen replacement therapy in an unrecognised psychopath, and where doubt exists a psychiatric opinion should be sought before starting therapy.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of androgen deficiency in men. 689 Jul 81

Although the biological effects of adrenomedullin (AM) and PAMP have been reported extensively in animal studies and from in-vitro experiments, relatively little information is available on responses to the hormone administered to man. This review summarizes data from the few studies carried out in man. In healthy volunteers, i.v. infusion of AM reduces arterial pressure, probably at a lower rate of administration than is required to elicit other responses. AM stimulates heart rate, cardiac output, plasma levels of cAMP, prolactin, norepinephrine and renin whilst inhibiting any concomitant response in plasma aldosterone. Little or no increase in urine volume or sodium excretion has been observed. Patients with essential hypertension differ only in showing a greater fall in arterial pressure and in the development of facial flushing and headache. In patients with heart failure or chronic renal failure, i.v. AM has similar effects to those seen in normal subjects but also induces a diuresis and natriuresis, depending on the dose administered. Infusion of AM into the brachial artery results in a dose-related increase in forearm and skin blood flow, more prominent and more dependent on endogenous nitric oxide in healthy volunteers than in patients with cardiac failure. When infused into a dorsal hand vein, AM partially reversed the venoconstrictor action of norepinephrine. Although much more information is required to clarify the role of AM under physiological and pathophysiological circumstances, it is clear that it has prominent hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects, though generally lesser urinary effects when administered short-term in doses sufficient to raise its levels in plasma to those seen in a number of clinical disorders. The only study of PAMP in man showed that its skeletal muscle vasodilator potency, when infused into the brachial artery of healthy volunteers, was less than one hundredth that of AM, and it was without effect on skin blood flow.
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PMID:Bioactivity of adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide in man. 1175 60

The events of canine gestation appear to occur consistently among bitches relative to the time of the preovulatory LH surge. The interval from fertilization to the eight-cell stage was 5 days after insemination before oocyte maturation and only 3 days following insemination after oocyte maturation. Sixteen-cell embryos were observed at day 11 (day 0 = day of the LH surge) after either early or late insemination. Apparently, embryonic cleavage between the two-cell and 16-cell stages occurs more rapidly after fertilization of more mature oocytes. This finding, together with the narrow window for fertilization, may explain why the duration of gestation is similar whether mating occurs before or a few days after oocyte maturation. Observations also indicate that cessation of migration and final situating of embryos occurs between day 16 and day 20 and that uterine lumen vesicles are > 1 mm in diameter at days 17-19; vesicles are > 2 mm in diameter and elongated to 3-6 mm by days 20-22. Some blastocyst enlargement occurs between day 14 and day 20, and expansion inside lemon-shaped uterine vesicles prevents flushing of intact embryos from the uterus after day 20 or 21. Blastocysts can be enclosed in the zona pellucida as late as day 19 and loss of zona pellucida with further expansion occurs on days 19-20. Uterine swellings can be observed in vivo, albeit inconsistently, at days 21-22 at the time of embryo attachment, and even before invasion of the embryo into the endometrium. The uterine responses to embryo localization may be detected via uterine transillumination by day 21, even in the absence of gross swelling. Blastocysts remain unattached as late as days 21-22; invasion of placental trophectoderm occurs as early as day 22 and as late as day 23, and only 1-2 days before heartbeats are detected by sonography. Assay of canine relaxin by canine relaxin-specific radioimmunoassay detected increases in serum relaxin concentrations as early as days 26-30 and no earlier than the concurrent increase in serum prolactin concentrations at days 26-30; the increase in serum relaxin concentrations was also no earlier than increases in the concentrations of serum acute phase proteins, including fibrinogen. It is not known whether relaxin can stimulate prolactin secretion in dogs. When natural progesterone alone was provided by injection and subcutaneous implants before and after ovariectomy performed before implantation, implantation occurred normally, and pregnancy was maintained to term. The increase in prolactin was not different from that of control pregnancy, despite the absence of effective systemic concentrations of oestrogen, as observed by a typical castration response in LH and FSH. Lack of oestrogen may have compromised mammary development and lactation. Therefore, the pregnancy-associated increase in prolactin concentrations does not require an increase in or the presence of maternal oestrogen. These observations extend our knowledge of canine pregnancy and indicate several areas worthy of further investigation.
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PMID:Embryo development, hormonal requirements and maternal responses during canine pregnancy. 1178 46