Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hereditary variations in the handling of a drug (pharmacogenetics) may result in adverse reactions in the skin. Such reactions could result from: (1) an inherited defect in enzymes responsible for drug metabolism (formation or detoxification of potentially toxic metabolites); (2) altered susceptibility of an endogenous metabolic pathway to inhibition by a drug. Increased alcohol-dehydrogenase activity or decreased aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity will predispose an individual to ethanol-induced flushing. Decreased uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase may result in porphyria cutanea tarda. Slow acetylators are more susceptible to developing drug-induced lupus erythematosus. A hypersensitivity syndrome may result if a patient is unable to detoxify the toxic metabolites of a drug such as phenytoin. A pharmacogenetic defect should alert the clinician to the possibility of cross-reactivity with other drugs or potential drug reactions in relatives of the patient.
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PMID:Pharmacogenetics and adverse drug reactions in the skin. 623 48

Alcohol abuse is associated with many health problems, especially skin changes. As a small, water- and lipid-soluble molecule, alcohol reaches all tissues of the body and affects most vital functions. Cutaneous diseases are now emerging as useful markers of alcoholism detectable at an early and possibly reversible stage of the disease, thus being of substantial importance to dermatologists and general practitioners. The most common skin manifestations of alcoholism presented in this review article are urticarial reactions, porphyria cutanea tarda, flushing, cutaneous stigmata of cirrhosis, psoriasis, pruritus, seborrheic dermatitis, and rosacea.
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PMID:Skin diseases in alcoholics. 1536 44

Skin changes associated with alcohol and drug abuse can be the earliest clinical manifestation of these disorders. The signs associated with these conditions may be distinctive and easily recognizable. Alcohol abuse can present with jaundice, pruritus, hyperpigmentation, and urticaria. Commonly associated vascular changes include spider telangiectasias, angiomas, caput medusas, flushing, and palmar erythema. Disease states related to alcohol abuse include psoriasis, porphyria cutanea tarda, and nutritional deficiencies. Alcohol abuse may predispose to the development of carcinomas of the skin, oropharynx, liver, pancreas, and breast. Cutaneous signs of drug abuse include skin granulomas, ulcerations, and recurrent infections. Specifically, oral disease and tooth decay are examples of stigmata often associated with methamphetamine abuse, a popular and inexpensive drug now on the scene. By being cognizant of these cutaneous markers of alcohol and drug abuse, dermatologists are often in the unique position of being able to recognize these changes, prompting early diagnosis and intervention, hopefully resulting in a better clinical outcome for these troubled patients and their families.
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PMID:The effects of alcohol and drug abuse on the skin. 2062 Jul 55

For good performance in clinical and forensic toxicology, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms related to xenobiotic exposure since they will assist clinicians to reach a useful and rapid diagnosis. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic imaging related to ethanol abuse. Here, signs that may lead to suspected ethanol abuse, but that are not necessarily related to liver disease are thoroughly discussed regarding its underlying mechanisms. This includes flushing and disulfiram reactions, urticaria, palmar erythema, spider telangiectasias, porphyria cutanea tarda, "paper money skin", psoriasis, rhinophyma, Dupuytren's contracture, multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (lipomatosis Lanois-Bensaude, Madelung's disease), pancreatitis-related signs, black hairy tongue, gout, nail changes, fetal alcohol syndrome, seborrheic dermatitis, sialosis and cancer.
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PMID:Clinical and forensic signs related to ethanol abuse: a mechanistic approach. 2427 40