Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nisoldipine is an orally administered calcium entry blocking drug structurally related to nifedipine. In limited clinical trials it has been shown to be effective and relatively well tolerated in the treatment of patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and mild to moderate essential hypertension. As for all dihydropyridine-calcium antagonists, its major properties include potent peripheral and coronary vasodilation and improvement in myocardial oxygen supply relative to demand. These actions occur without depression of cardiac conduction or left ventricular function. Short term clinical trials have shown nisoldipine to produce both symptomatic and objective improvements in patients with chronic angina of effort and have suggested a benefit in vasospastic angina. A small number of comparative trials indicate that nisoldipine is equally as effective as nifedipine. In addition, in combination with beta-adrenoceptor blockade nisoldipine appears to offer additional benefit compared with beta-blockade alone and is well tolerated. In patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension nisoldipine monotherapy, in 1 or 2 daily doses, has maintained blood pressure control and has also been a useful addition to diuretics and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in patients with poorly controlled disease. Side effects appear to be dose related, generally mild and transient, and are primarily those resulting from potent peripheral vasodilation - headache, flushing and pretibial or ankle oedema. Although studies to date are promising, there are no published long term studies (greater than 1 year) of nisoldipine in comparison with other calcium entry blockers and other drugs currently in clinical use for the treatment of angina pectoris or hypertension. Until such studies are completed the exact place of nisoldipine in the treatment of these diseases remains to be established.
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PMID:Nisoldipine. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders. 306 58

Felodipine (Plendil), a new drug, has been used in the treatment of five patients with refractory essential hypertension (WHO II-III). Their mean blood pressure at the last outpatient visit before the study was opened was 195 +/- 25/129 +/- 21 mmHg (mean +/- s.d.) (range 175-235/110-165 mmHg), despite treatment with combinations of diuretics, beta-blockers and vasodilators, including minoxidil and captopril. Felodipin is a dihydropyridine derivative, a calcium antagonist that exerts a relaxant effect on resistance vessels. The first period of the study consisted of a 5-day stay in hospital followed by 3 months during which observations were carried out at the Outpatients' Department. After the first days in hospital felodipine therapy was introduced at a dose of 25 mg three times daily, given together with diuretics, beta-blockers and, in one case, captopril. At 8.00 immediately before the first dose was given, the blood pressure was 178 +/- 19/118 +/- 19 mmHg (mean +/- s.d.); 2 h later it was 144 +/- 18/85 +/- 4 mmHg, at which level it remained throughout the rest of the study. At the 3-month follow-up the mean pressure (recorded at the Outpatients' Department) was 138 +/- 20/89 +/- 14 mmHg. Side-effects included headache, flushing, palpitations and ankle oedema (in two patients during the second part of the study); they were of a mild to moderate degree and did not interfere with the treatment. There was no evidence of general fluid retention, and the body weight remained constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of felodipine in refractory hypertension. 322 21

In this randomised, double-blind, crossover trial, the efficacy in hypertension of atenolol and nifedipine as single agents or in combination was compared. 81 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure 100-120 mm Hg, aged 20-70 years) from 6 outpatient clinics entered the study. By use of a Latin-square design, patients received, in randomised fashion, sustained release nifedipine 20mg twice daily, atenolol 50mg in the morning and then placebo in the evening, or sustained release nifedipine 20mg plus atenolol 50mg in the morning and then placebo in the evening. Each schedule was followed for 4 weeks. All treatments lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and standing positions compared with pretreatment values. The combination regimen significantly reduced supine and standing systolic (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively) and diastolic (p less than 0.001) blood pressure compared with nifedipine alone, and it also significantly reduced supine and standing systolic (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.03, respectively) and diastolic (p less than 0.01) blood pressure compared with atenolol alone. Heart rate was significantly decreased by atenolol and the combination compared with nifedipine alone. 15 patients withdrew because of side effects: 9 during nifedipine treatment, 2 during atenolol treatment and 4 during combination treatment. Side effects were typical of those associated with nifedipine or atenolol. Flushes and hot sweats, which were frequent with nifedipine, were significantly less (p less than 0.001) with atenolol or the combination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Atenolol and sustained release nifedipine alone and in combination in hypertension. A randomised, double-blind, crossover study. 328 67

The ancient Chinese formula of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" (S-T) was originally used for patients with "epigastric fullness, flushing, restlessness, constipation and a hard pulse" (Chang 115 B.C.). All these symptoms are frequently observed in patients with essential hypertension. We assessed the antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of this formula, and found that S-T decreased blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, heart rate and cardiac contractile force. S-T had no apparent effects on cardiac output and blood volume.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of "san-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang" in patients with essential hypertension. 379 32

A controlled multicentre trial was organised to compare the effects of 20 mg Nifedipine tablets (N) and 2,5 mg Indapamide tablets (I) during a 4 months' treatment period after a placebo period, in 59 patients with moderate essential hypertension (n = 59). The results of blood pressure measurements of 18 patients treated by nifedipine (1 tablet twice daily) and 22 patients treated by indapamide (1 tablet every morning) were compared. The systolic blood pressure, after 10 minutes recumbency, fell from 165 +/- 10 mmHg to 148 +/- 13 mmHg (p less than 0.01), and the diastolic pressure from 104 +/- 6 mmHg to 86 +/- 7 mmHg (p less than 0.01) in the patients treated with nifedipine. In the indapamide group, the SBP fell from 164 +/- 13 mmHg to 152 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and the DBP from 100 +/- 4 mmHg to 87 +/- 6 mmHg (p less than 0.01). There were no significant changes of heart rate with either drug; plasma creatinine, potassium and uric acid concentrations were also unchanged. There was a higher incidence of headaches and tiredness in the nifedipine group, whilst patients treated with indapamide complained more often of muscular cramps. Flushing was observed in nearly a quarter of the patients in both groups. These results confirm that both nifedipine and indapamide induce significant and persistant falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Although the fall was greater with nifedipine than with indapamide, the difference was not statistically significant. The tolerance was satisfactory in both groups of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparative effects of nifedipine and indapamide in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. 393 9

Twenty three patients with essential hypertension who were uncontrolled on diuretic and/or beta-receptor antagonist therapy were treated additionally with the vasodilator, pinacidil, in an open study. Significant reduction in mean blood pressure was achieved. Supine and erect systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell by 44/25 mmHg and 37/24 mmHg respectively over the study period of 12 weeks. Side-effects such as dizziness, headache, facial flushing and mild oedema were experienced by 10 patients during the study, all of which were mild and transient and did not require withdrawal from pinacidil therapy. Pinacidil is an effective and well tolerated agent in the treatment of essential hypertension.
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PMID:Pinacidil, a new vasodilator, in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. 400 40

Fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, 22 males and 29 females with a mean age of 51 (range, 28 to 65 years), were studied for more than 12 months in a controlled clinical trial with nitrendipine, a new calcium antagonist agent. No differences in age, severity of hypertension, and other risk factors between the two sexes were detected. Forty-four of 51 patients completed the study, and 38 (86.4%) achieved a normalization of blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 196.0 +/- 12.9 mm Hg (means +/- SD) during placebo to 171.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg (12.6%, p less than 0.001) after 12 months. Mean diastolic blood pressure at the same time decreased from 109.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 88.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (18.8%, p less than 0.001). Heart rate also decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01) after the fifth week. A significant change in weight was not observed throughout the trial. Plasma potassium remained unchanged during the year, and plasma sodium after a transient increase (p less than 0.001) in the fifth week returned very close to basal levels in the sixth month. Side-effects were observed in 17 patients, 5 of whom had to leave the trial, but in the rest they were usually mild and transient. These were mainly frontal and occipital headache, facial flushing, ankle and pretibial oedema, and dizziness. No relationship was detected between side-effects and body weight or plasma sodium disturbances. Preliminary data on a separate group of 27 elderly patients (66-83 years) showed a better and faster effect of nitrendipine given in low doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical experience with long-term nitrendipine treatment in essential hypertension. 608 73

The antihypertensive effect of a new vasodilator with betablocking properties (SK & F 92657) was investigated in 10 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a mean treatment period of 26,5 weeks (6,5-49 weeks) blood pressure was significantly reduced, from 168 +/- 22/106 +/- 6 mmHg to 144 +/- 19/94 +/- 12 mmHg (p less than 0.05 and 0.025). The mean dose was 410 mg (100-700 mg). Heart rate decreased slightly from 77 +/- 12 to 70 +/- 8 beats/min. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone showed only minor changes. Nausea, heavy dreams, facial and hand flushing and mild depression were reported as side effects. In most patients the symptoms disappeared without reduction in the dose. In one patient anaemia developed after 7 weeks and treatment with prizidilol was stopped. A slight but statistically significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration of 1.1 +/- 0.6 g/dl was observed in 5 of the 10 patients (p less than 0.02). Thus, a mean dose of prizidilol of 410 +/- 242 mg/day had a mean blood pressure lowering effect of 24/12 mmHg. In 7 of the 10 patients (70%) diastolic blood pressure could be reduced to 95 mmHg or less. However, the observed haematological side-effects should be carefully monitored in further studies and may limit the clinical use of prizidilol.
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PMID:Prizidilol (SK & F 92657), a new vasodilator with beta-blocking properties in the treatment of essential hypertension. 612 80

In a randomized cross-over trial in 23 patients with essential hypertension, a new peripheral vasodilator, endralazine, in a dose of 10-20 mg t.i.d. was compared with dihydralazine in a dose of 25-50 mg t.i.d. All patients also received pindolol (a beta-blocker) in a dose of 5-15 mg t.i.d. The lowest dose of both drugs was given to all patients for 2 weeks and was increased only if indicated. Endralazine was more effective than dihydralazine, but the side effects were about the same in frequency and severity, apart from flushing, which was more common with endralazine. Patients receiving endralazine in the second phase of the cross-over design continued to be treated with endralazine for a period of 10-12 months. Blood pressure control remained good during this time, and the dosage was slightly reduced. No side effects suggestive of drug-induced lupus were seen, and only borderline changes in immunological tests [antinuclear antibodies (ANA)] in one patient were seen. One patient was reported to have lupus erythematosus (LE) cells in the peripheral blood but the ANA test was negative. Endralazine appears to be a useful new drug for the treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:Endralazine, a new peripheral vasodilator--a randomized cross-over trial against dihydralazine. 618 29

Nitrendipine (BAY e 5009) is a new calcium channel blocker with a marked effect on excitation-contraction coupling in different types of muscle cells. It has many similarities to the established agent, nifedipine. In the present study, nitrendipine was evaluated in a double-blind within-patient comparison. Twelve patients with essential hypertension were given nitrendipine 20 mg or 40 mg orally for three weeks following a 1-week placebo period. After a second 1-week placebo period, there was a crossover to the alternative dosage (20 or 40 mg respectively), and active therapy was again given for 3 weeks. Both doses of nitrendipine caused a significant and equal reduction of arterial pressure, which persisted for at least 24 hours. Only the highest dose caused an increase in heart rate. There were a few reports of headaches, flushing, and palpitation, particularly after the 40 mg dose. There was a significant correlation between the reduction of mean arterial pressure and the log plasma concentration (20 mg: r = -0.88, p less than 0.01; 40 mg: r = -0.94, p less than 0.001). There was a linear relationship between the area under the curve and the oral dose, indicating that liver enzyme saturation had not occurred. There was no accumulation of nitrendipine in plasma during 3 weeks of treatment.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in patients treated with nitrendipine. 634 73


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