Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spermatozoa were recovered from the ejaculate, vagina, uteri and oviducts of mated does between 2.5 and 14 h p.c. For each sample, the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting no binding of IgG from normal serum, after air drying and acetone fixation, was compared with the proportion of acrosomeless spermatozoa as assessed by staining with eosin and fast green. The correlation was excellent (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) suggesting that failure of acetone-fixed spermatozoa to bind IgG from normal serum may reflect acrosome absence rather than 'acrosomal uncoatibility'. Usually the proportion of immunofluorescence negative or acrosomeless spermatozoa was about 10% in the ejaculate; 15% in the vagina; 25% in the uterus and 70-100% in the oviducts. This phenomenon is not an air-drying artefact, and seems to be independent of flushing medium.
 ...
PMID:Equivalence of 'non-IgG binding' and 'acrosomeless' sperm populations from the female genital tract of the rabbit. 703 26

A procedure using published surgical techniques is described for determining the effects of antiplasma membrane antibodies on sperm-egg binding, penetration, and fertilization in vivo in the domestic pig. Time of ovulation was controlled and sperm inseminated at precise times relative to ovulation. Sperm were exposed to antibodies (Fab) and then washed free of excess antibody and placed in one uterine horn near the uterotubal junction. Sperm exposed to control material were placed in the opposite horn as a control. One horn was tied with two ligatures near the body of the uterus. Eggs were collected by flushing the oviducts at prescribed times after insemination. in nine animals used for this study, antibodies to boar sperm plasma membranes completely blocked sperm-zona binding, penetration of the zona, and fertilization. In contrast, sperm were bound to the zona pellucida and penetrated eggs in every case on the control side. These results indicate that insemination in vivo is useful in screening antibodies produced against specific plasma membrane antigens to determine their role in fertilization.
 ...
PMID:The effects of antisperm plasma membrane antibodies on sperm-egg binding, penetration, and fertilization in the pig. 713 Sep 38

Twenty-four pregnant Landrace and Yorkshire gilts were utilized to examine the relationship between myometrial activity and intrauterine embryo migration. On d 2 (1st day of estrus = d 0), embryos were flushed from one oviduct and transferred to the opposite oviduct. Uterine horns were ligated at the uterotubal junction on the flushed side and 40 and 50 cm posterior to the uterotubal junction on each side. On d 6, 9 or 12 (n = 8), embryo migration was determined by flushing segments of the excised uterus. Strips of myometrium from the pregnant and nonpregnant horn of each gilt were subsequently removed and assigned to one of the three in vitro experiments to examine the effects of the embryo and uterine flushings on myometrial contractility. Myometrial contractility increased concomitantly with embryo migration through the uterine ligations (day x side interaction, P less than .10). Uterine flushings from pregnant horns contained a short-acting substance that mimicked, in part, the stimulatory influence(s) of the in situ embryo on in vitro myometrial contractility. However, only flushings from the uterine segment containing the d 12 embryos could overcome the in vitro inhibitory effects of indomethacin (P less than .01) on myometrial contractility. The porcine embryo coincubated with myometrial strips could not directly stimulate contractions of the myometrium. Results of these experiments indicate that in gilts the stimulatory influence(s) of the migrating embryo on myometrial function may involve a "hormonal" factor of short half-life that does not directly affect the smooth muscle cell.
 ...
PMID:Intrauterine migration of the porcine embryo--interaction of embryo, uterine flushings and indomethacin on myometrial function in vitro. 717 56

Of 14 lactating opossums maintained in laboratory conditions, 13 mated 4.7-8.5 days after removal of pouch young. The time between this removal and onset of receptive oestrus was negatively correlated with the age of the pouch young. Mating generally occurred between 24:00 and 06:00 h, with ovulation following between 13:00 and 16:00 h. Each animal ovulated a mean of 29.6 eggs (range 19-40), approximately equal numbers coming from both ovaries. Spermatozoa were absent from the uterus and were present only in the oviducts during the periovular period. Those not cleared by flushing (1-160 x 103/oviduct) remained incarcerated in isthmic crypts lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium. Spermatozoa in crypts were paired, separating or single. The progressively motile cells flushed from the oviduct presented a similar pattern to that in the crypts, about 30% of spermatozoa were firmly paired, the others either loosely associated or single. Only single spermatozoa attached to ova. Monospermic fertilization followed shortly after ovulation, and no supplementary spermatozoa were present in the perivitelline space. Deposition of the mucoid layer on the zona pellucida then began, often before incorporation of the fertilizing spermatozoon by the vitellus was complete. The oviducal epithelium was formed throughout by ciliated and secretory cells. In the ampulla and upper isthmus, the secretory cells produced the mucoid material which formed a thick coat over the egg surface. Ovum transit through the oviduct was rapid, in one animal eggs had reached the uterus and acquired a shell within 15-20 h of ovulation.
 ...
PMID:Induction of oestrus, recovery of gametes, and the timing of fertilization events in the opossum, Didelphis virginiana. 719 86

A method of flushing the oviduct and/or uterus of rhesus monkeys was used to obtain a number of preimplantation stages, of which four cleavage stages and seven blastocysts that were judged to be normal were studied cytologically using transmission electron microscopy. In addition to the usual changes in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum that accompany differentiation of the blastomeres, the blastocysts with zonae showed sequestration of areas of cytoplasm. The first indications of junctional complexes were short stretches of parallel membrane with a slightly increased density found in the morula stage. Blastocysts developed typical apical junctional complexes, but in addition showed extensive gap junctions linking trophoblast and inner cell mass, and epiblast and differentiating endoderm. Endodermal differentiation occurred at about the same time that a basal lamina was found under mural trophoblast and epiblast (but not polar trophoblast or endoderm). Enlarged torn zonae were found in association with one blastocyst and unaccompanied by blastocysts, including a case in which the animal subsequently prove to be pregnant. This observation suggests that hatching is a normal feature of zonal escape in this species. The trophoblast of blastocysts without zonae had well-formed apical absorptive areas and, in some instances, long irregular microvilli in the area near the inner cell mass. Cell debris, vacuoles containing debris and isolated cells, although variable, were common features of the preimplantation stage in the rhesus monkey.
 ...
PMID:Differentiation of the Blastocyst of the rhesus monkey. 730 72

Both pre- and postcoital isthmic contractility were recorded in vivo in the rabbit by using balloon-ended catheters, filled with fluid and placed in the isthmic lumen of the oviduct. Autopsy was performed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours postcoitum (PC). Segmental flushing of the contralateral oviducts correlated isthmic contractility with egg transport. At 12 and 24 hours PC, when the majority of eggs reached the ampulla, the isthmic activity increased, involving both active contractions and resting pressure fluctuation. This active pattern caused an increase in the isthmic intraluminal pressure on occlusion of the isthmus and retention of the eggs at the ampullary-isthmic junction. At 48 hours PC, when the majority of eggs were in the distal isthmus, there were a uniformly low amplitude and highly frequent resting pressure fluctuations without any active contractions. Such a pattern reduced the isthmic luminal diameter, with subsequent isthmic egg locking. At 72 hours PC, when the eggs were transported to the uterus, complete cessation of the isthmic contractility, including resting pressure fluctuations, was associated with abrupt and remarkable alterations in the resting baseline. Since the estimated diameter of the egg, with its mucin coat, was bigger than that of the resting isthmus, the eggs initiated their own transport through the isthmus by stretching the adjacent walls.
 ...
PMID:Egg transport and postcoital isthmic contractility in the rabbit. 733 75

This article deals with attempts to time the onset and duration of the ovum's sojourn in the endometrial cavity of women. Recovery of the ovum from the uterus was attempted by means of transcervical flushing of the cavity 48 to 216 hours after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak in plasma. A single flushing or repetitive flushings done at 24-hour intervals in the same cycle were performed in different subjects. With both modalities, the adverse effects were mild and few. Of 132 flushings done in 76 subjects, 90 were considered to be technically adequate from the point of view of recovering over 50% of the flushing volume. Twenty ova were recovered. Technically adequate flushings and adequate timing of the LH peak were accomplished in 39 cycles. In this group, 13 ova were recovered between 96 and 168 hours after the LH peak. The highest yield of ova per flushing was obtained from 120 to 168 hours with an average of 37% and a range of 25% to 50%. Limitations of the technique are discussed. Some uncertainties persist which prevent the drawing of definitive conclusions about how soon after the LH peak the egg enters the uterine cavity, how long it stays there, and what is the extent of individual variation. However, recovery rates at various times after ovulation agree with previous data derived from transfundal flushing and indicate that the ovum is usually transferred to the uterus between 96 and 120 hours after the LH peak is retained there for several days.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the duration of ovum transport by the human oviduct. III. Time interval between the luteinizing hormone peak and recovery of ova by transcervical flushing of the uterus in normal women. 736 74

Of 226 donor cattle treated with PMSG to induce superovulation, 76.5% responded with 3 or more ovulations. Flushing at surgery or slaughter 10-16 days after oestrus recovered eggs and embryos that represented 49.3% of the number of ovulations. Of those recovered, 73.3% were embryos, an average yield of 4.0 embryos/treated cow or 4.8 embryo/flushed cow. The location of eggs and embryos was determined in 65 of the donors. Embryos and unfertilized eggs (6.1% of those recovered) were occasionally found in the oviducts. Empty zonae pellucidae were also found in the uterus on all days. The lengths, or diameters, of embryos were extremely variable within days and within donors, but mean values indicated logarithmic growth between Days 10 and 16. Eighty-four synchronous (+/- 1 day) recipients received single embryos, and 51 recipients twin embryos, by surgical transfer. Pregnancies were obtained in recipients up to Day 16 but not on Day 17, indicating the stage by which an embryo must be present to prevent luteolysis. The overall pregnancy rate at Day 42 was 50.4% and further 18.1% of the recipients exhibited extended oestrous cycles. Of 35 recipients that were allowed to go to term, 12 lost their pregnancies, most often between Days 42 and 63.
 ...
PMID:Collection, description and transfer of embryos from cattle 10--16 days after oestrus. 740 Oct 37

Although foals born after embryo transfer are eligible for registration in the majority of horse breeds, application of embryo transfer is still rare. This is mainly due to the lack of a possibility for superovulation. Uterine stage embryos can be recovered by a non-surgical flushing technique. Transfer can be accomplished by non-surgical as well as surgical methods. In contrast to the situation in cattle, most related technologies are scarcely available. Methods of cryopreservation as well as bisection of embryos are hampered by the fact that suitable embryos (morula) can be collected from the uterus only during a very short period. In vitro production of embryos by in vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo culture is currently under investigation. Progress has been made to establish ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte aspiration. These techniques will provide an important stimulus for application of embryo transfer in equine species and enhance our knowledge about reproductive biology in the mare.
 ...
PMID:[Embryo transfer in horses--current status and future perspectives]. 771 54

The process of sperm transport from the cervix, where a leukocytic reaction is initiated, through the uterus to gain access to the site of fertilization is very poorly understood. This preliminary study was designed to utilize a uterine flushing technique to determine firstly, the number of spermatozoa that can be recovered from the uterine cavity at 4 h post-insemination, around the time of ovulation, and secondly, to establish whether the spermatozoa initiate a leukocytic response while present. Uterine flushing was carried out in 10 potentially fertile women at 4 h post-insemination with donor semen, 24-36 h after the onset of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The flush fluid was analysed for the numbers of spermatozoa and leukocytes present. In 8/10 women spermatozoa were retrieved from the uterus, in consistently low numbers (median 46, range 3-415). In 5/5 women leukocytes were recovered (median, 2.75 x 10(8)/l, range 2.0 x 10(8)-12.7 x 10(8)/l) from an origin other than peripheral blood contamination. These results suggest firstly that the flushing technique was a consistent method for retrieving spermatozoa and leukocytes from the uterine cavity, secondly that only low numbers of spermatozoa can be retrieved on flushing and thirdly that the leukocytic reaction to spermatozoa extends to the uterine cavity.
 ...
PMID:Uterine flushing: a method to recover spermatozoa and leukocytes. 834 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>