Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new technique is described for the treatment of menorrhagia by heating the whole of the endometrial cavity of the uterus. A capacitively coupled probe at 27.12 MHz is inserted into the uterine cavity, which causes the basilis layer to be raised to approximately 50-55 degrees C whilst the rest of the pelvic contents remain at approximately normal (body) temperature. A major advantage of the method is that no special hysteroscopic skills are required, unlike the two other techniques currently used for endometrial ablation: the Nd-Yag laser or the hysteroresectoscopic loop. Also no toxic flushing/distension fluids are necessary, as are required for all hysteroscopic surgery. The method, however, does require the application of a large amount of RF power to the probe and so care must be taken to position the probe correctly in order to prevent any serious complications. Of 32 patients given a single treatment at a power level of 550 W for 20 min, the 'success rate' was 84% with 31% becoming amenhorrhoiec and 53% showing significant reduction in menstrual bleeding. However, retreatment is possible and by this means, combined with improved treatment techniques, an even higher success rate could be achieved. In two of the earlier patients treated at 550 W a fistula was produced at the anterior vaginal wall which had to be surgically repaired. The probe was subsequently modified, since when this problem has not recurred. This new treatment approach offers an alternative to hysterectomy in the treatment of menorrhagia and may offer a number of significant advantages over methods currently used for endometrial ablation.
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PMID:Treatment of menorrhagia by radiofrequency heating. 188 Apr 53

From 6 mares with chronic uterine infection, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were obtained from the uterus. In order to recover an adequate number of viable PMNs, 0.1% oyster glycogen was infused into the uterus as a mild irritant 12 h prior to the uterine flushing. Phagocytosis and chemotaxis of the uterine derived PMNs were determined. The supernatant from the uterine flushing was compared with autologous serum for its capacity as an opsonin and chemoattractant. There was a significant increase of both phagocytosis and chemotaxis when autologous serum was used compared with the supernatant from the uterine flushing. This study indicates that autologous serum has a greater opsonizing capacity than uterine secretion from mares with chronic uterine infection. Since all mares conceived following this study, the use of oyster glycogen was not considered to have deleterious effect on the uterine mucosa.
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PMID:A preliminary study of uterine derived polymorphonuclear cell function in mares with chronic uterine infections. 226 May 12

The tortuous structure of the rhesus cervix has proven to be a significant obstruction to performing nonsurgical uterine lavage. Trials were conducted to develop a repeatable, nonsurgical flushing technique of the uterus. Using a modified endometrial cell sampler and a blunt trocar, a reliable technique was constructed. This technique may prove valuable for conducting nonsurgical recovery of embryos and for repeated atraumatic sampling of the rhesus uterus.
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PMID:Nonsurgical technique for flushing the Macaca mulatta uterus. 233 5

In Experiment 1, hens laying hard-shell (HS) eggs were sacrificed at each of eight stages of egg formation including oviposition (0 h) and 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after oviposition. In Experiment 2, hens laying either shell-less (SL) or HS eggs were sacrificed at four stages of egg formation (oviposition, 4, 8, and 20 h after oviposition). The isthmus and uterus were flushed with 6 and 10 mL of cold .85% NaCl, respectively, and electrolyte contents were determined. Total flushing contents of calcium, potassium, and magnesium were higher (P less than or equal to .01) in uterine than in isthmic flushings (Experiment 1). In every case, an interaction (P less than or equal to .01) between time of collection and organ (isthmus and uterus) was found, indicating that patterns of change in flushing content of each electrolyte differed in the two organs over time in birds laying HS eggs. In Experiment 2, total recoverable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and total protein were higher in uterine than isthmic flushings (P less than .01). Interactions between time of collection (0, 4, 8, and 20 h) and treatment group (SL or HS) were observed for all electrolytes measured in uterine flushings. Results suggest that calcium, required for shell calcification, does not appear in the isthmic or uterine lumen or both at an appropriate time in SL hens. Thus, production of SL eggs may be related to mechanisms regulating patterns of change or ratios of electrolytes (calcium, magnesium, potassium) or both in the isthmus or uterus of the laying hen.
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PMID:Characterization of electrolytes and protein content in isthmic and uterine flushings from hens laying shell-less versus hard-shell eggs. 270 99

A procedure has been devised in order to establish a pregnancy in a patient with severe, untreatable tubal infertility who had unsuccessfully undergone tubal reconstructive surgery and repeated in-vitro fertilization procedures. This technique, which involves a volunteer, fertile woman, results from the combination of two infertility treatments: namely gamete intra-Fallopian transfer and uterine flushing. The gametes of the infertile couple were introduced into the distal tube of a synchronized volunteer woman; after 5 days, the embryos, recovered by lavage of the volunteer's uterus, were transferred into the patient's uterus with a resulting pregnancy and delivery.
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PMID:Surrogate human fallopian tubes for overcoming tubal infertility. 274 72

Estimates of the volume of fluid and the concentration of cations in the uterus were made by flushing the uterine cavity of mice mated to vasectomized males and measuring the concentrations of sodium and potassium cations in the recovered fluid. On day 1 following mating, large volumes of fluid (greater than 90 microL) were found in the uterus but, from days 2 to 5, only 2-5 microL of fluid were present. The ratio of sodium to potassium fell from 4.5:1 on day 1 to 1.8:1 on days 2 to 5 of pseudopregnancy, indicating that uterine fluid in the mouse has a high K+ content ranging from 35 mEq L-1 on day 1 to 75 mEq L-1 on day 5. Glucose, lactate and pyruvate in uterine flushings were also assayed and their concentration in uterine fluid calculated using the volumes found above. The level of all substrates was low on day 1 after mating. From day 2 onwards approximately 1 mM glucose was present in the fluids. The concentration of lactate was more variable, and peaked at 4 mM on day 2 of pseudopregnancy. In general, the concentration of pyruvate was 10% of the lactate value.
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PMID:Volume of fluid and concentration of cations and energy substrates in the uteri of mice during early pseudopregnancy. 279 44

The effects of chronic consumption of some beverages (plum-brandy 24% and cognac 20%) upon preimplantation development in rats were studied. The control of possible effects was performed on day 5 by usual flushing, examination and photographying of oviductal and uterine embryos. In order to evaluate the effect of the beverage applied, the following criteria were used: mean litter size, migration of the embryos from the oviduct to the uterus, the developmental stage attained by the pre-implantation embryos and the appearance of pathological embryos. The main results were the following: both beverages applied influenced the preimplantation development; with respect to the developmental rate and to the induction of pathological changes, the effect of both beverages was similar (retardation and an increased, number of pathological morulae and blastocysts); a different action could be detected as to the mean litter size and to the migration of preimplantation embryos: plum-brandy reduced more substantially the mean litter size, whereas cognac had a more marked retarding effect upon the migration of embryos from the oviduct to the uterus: all the changes detected show a more or less marked "litter-effect". The present data were compared with the corresponding effects of chronic ethanol administration observed previously in our laboratory. No obvious potentiating effect of beverage congeners could be established. The findings are discussed in connection with other experimental models of alcohol embryo and fetopathy.
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PMID:The effect of ethanol upon early development in mice and rats. VIII. The effect of chronic consumption of some beverages upon preimplantation development in rats. 293 20

Levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta END-LI) in uterine secretions were studied in pseudopregnant and ovariectomized gilts treated with ovarian steroids. Pseudopregnancy was induced in 7 gilts by daily injection of estradiol valerate (5 mg/day) between days 11 and 15 of the estrous cycle. Between days 60 and 90 of pseudopregnancy, uterine secretions were collected by flushing the uterus with 0.9% saline. Uterine flushings were extracted with a Sep-Pak C-18 column and assayed for beta END-LI by a specific RIA. The RIA cross-reacted only with beta-lipotropin (15%). Significant amounts of total immunoreactive beta END-LI were detected in the uterine flushings. The inhibition curve for extracts was parallel to the standard END inhibition curve. Extracted uterine flushings were applied to a Sephadex G-50 column. Three peaks of immunoreactive beta END-LI were detected. One peak eluted at the void volume. The second peak eluted at a Kav of 0.21, which was near the Kav of a lipotropin standard (0.23). The highest peak (Kav = 0.53) eluted similar to standard END (Kav = 0.51). In the second experiment, 12 gilts were ovariectomized on day 4 of the estrous cycle and randomly assigned to 4 groups of 3 gilts each. Each group received 1 of the following daily injections: vehicle (corn oil), 0.1 mg 17 beta-estradiol (E2), 200 mg progesterone (Prog), or a combination of E2 and Prog (E2 + Prog). After treatment for 30 days, beginning on the day of ovariectomy, the uterine flushings were assayed for beta END-LI and total protein. Treatment with Prog increased (P less than 0.05) total beta END-LI 532% (12.4 ng) compared to corn oil treatment (2.3 ng), and levels were significantly higher than with E2 (2.9 ng) or E2 + Prog treatment (5.1 ng). Opiate receptor assay showed that extracts of uterine flushing had a displacement curve parallel to that of standard porcine beta END. Results suggest that significant amounts of immunoreactive beta END-LI are present in uterine secretions of gilts and that the accumulation of beta END-LI is influenced by ovarian steroids.
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PMID:Beta-endorphin in uterine secretions of pseudopregnant and ovariectomized, ovarian steroid-treated gilts. 295 91

The antiprogesterone RU 486 was utilized to evaluate the possible role of progesterone in ovum maturation, ovulation, fertilization, and embryo cleavage. After gonadotropin treatment, CD-1 mice received the following experimental agents: group 1, an oil vehicle; group 2, 1 mg progesterone; group 3, 1 mg antiprogesterone (RU 486); group 4, 1 mg RU 486 and 1 mg dexamethasone. Each group of animals was injected simultaneously for 2 days (concomitant with human chorionic gonadotropin and the day after coitus). Ova or embryos were obtained on day 1, 2, 3, or 4 after human chorionic gonadotropin by flushing uteri and tubes. No differences were apparent in number of oocytes ovulated, ovum maturation, or number of oocytes progressing to two-cell embryos. However, on day 3 a marked reduction in embryos retrieved from the oviduct and uterus was apparent in the RU 486-treated groups (group 1, 84; group 3.0; group 4, 17) (p less than 0.001). In addition, few cleavage stage embryos were recovered on day 4 in the RU 486-treated groups (group 1, 74; group 2, 70; group 3, 2; group 4, 0) (p less than 0.0001). Freshly ovulated cumulus masses were recovered from the oviducts on day 4 in groups 3 and 4 (coincident with resumption of the estrous cycle). In conclusion, periovulatory RU 486 injections had no effect on nuclear maturation, ovulation, fertilization, or first cleavage division. Progesterone may not have an obligatory role in these processes. However, RU 486 administration did result in a reduced number of embryos retrieved on days 3 and 4 because of either early expulsion or destruction of the embryos.
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PMID:The effects of progesterone antagonist RU 486 on mouse oocyte maturation, ovulation, fertilization, and cleavage. 320 35

Morulae were collected from rabbit vaginas after prostaglandin treatment 65h post coitum. The optimum embryo recovery was obtained when the flushings started around 12h after the prostaglandin injection. The mean embryo collection was around 10 embryos per animal. These embryos had the same viability as those collected by the classical technique of uterine flushing (around 80%). The freezing ability of these embryos was also similar to that observed for uterus-collected embryos. Embryos not ejected after the treatment can develop in vivo and give birth to living progeny. The results obtained suggest that this technique can be used for egg transfer in rabbit genetic improvement programs.
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PMID:Viability and freezing ability of rabbit embryos collected in the vagina after prostaglandin treatment. 323 77


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