Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoid tumors are the most frequent gut neuroendocrine tumors accounting for more than 50% of all tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) axis. These tumors appear to derive from a stem cell line capable of differentiating into a variety of malignant cells that secrete many different peptides and amines. The symptoms of carcinoid tumors are often non-specific, vague abdominal pain that may precede the diagnosis by a median of 9 years. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in less than 10% of patients. We evaluated the effects of SMS 201-995 in 14 such patients, 12 with diarrhea, 8 with flushing, 3 with wheezing, one with tricuspid valve incompetence, 6 with facial telangiectasia, 3 with a pellagra type dermatosis and one with myopathy. Diarrhea was abolished or significantly reduced in 83%, flushing in 100%, wheezing in 100%, and myopathy improved in the one patient. Blood serotonin was resistant to change, urine 5HIAA fell in 75%, and most gut neuropeptide hormones apart from somatostatin were suppressed. Tumor growth appeared to be slowed in 2/3 of cases treated for up to 4 years. The analog of somatostatin appears to be a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for carcinoid tumors and the symptom complex.
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PMID:Use of somatostatin analog in management of carcinoid syndrome. 292 Jun 54

Mastocytosis is a disease characterized by an increase in the number of tissue mast cells and a concomitant increase in mast cell-derived mediators. To demonstrate the spectrum of skin disease in mastocytosis in the pediatric population, five children with mastocytosis and complaints of urticaria (4/5), bullae/vesicles (3/5), abdominal pain (3/5), flushing (2/5), headache (1/5), and bone pain (1/5) are reviewed. Confirmation of the diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytosis was obtained by histologic examination of a biopsy of lesional skin; however, mast cell numbers in lesional skin did not correlate with plasma histamine levels or the extent of cutaneous involvement. Mastocytosis is a diagnosis that must be recognized in the differential diagnosis of pediatric urticarial diseases.
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PMID:Mastocytosis in infants and children: recognition of patterns of skin disease. 292 86

Rosacea should no longer be considered a follicular skin disease. It is a vascular disease of the face characterized by a significant evolution towards local complications such as telangiectasias, papular and aseptic pustular lesions, lupoid granulomas, chronic facial oedema and seboglandular hyperplasia. The basic abnormality seems to be a microcirculatory disturbance of the function of the facial angular veins directly involved in the brain-cooling vascular mechanism. The first clinic hallmark of this dysfunction is the occurrence of flushing, which may be spontaneous or induced by alcohol, intake of hot food, emotional stress and sudden variations in temperature. Tetracycline, metronidazole and isotretinoin are very useful for therapy but they only influence the cutaneous and ocular complications and do not act upon the basic vascular trouble. Current therapeutic research is directed towards drugs having an alpha-sympathomimetic activity and inhibiting the endogenous opioid mediators of flushing such as naloxone or clonidine.
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PMID:[Rosacea]. 297 82

Rosacea is a common skin disorder most often seen in individuals between the ages of 30 and 60. The condition frequently produces erythema, papules, pustules, and edema of midfacial skin. Ocular rosacea occurs in a high percentage of patients, and is a major cause of red eye. A variety of treatments exist that can eliminate pustules, but no therapy is highly effective in eliminating the vascular flushing associated with rosacea.
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PMID:Rosacea. 1081 45

Varieties of the clinical features of mastocytoses, also called mastocytosis syndrome, are presented. The disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of mast cells, their proliferation and action in the skin and other organs, even in the central nervous system. The mastocytosis syndrome was known as early as the second half of the 19th century under the term urticaria pigmentosa, and was histologically confirmed by the presence in the dermis of metachromatic cells, i.e. Ehrlich mast cells with red-purple cytoplasmic granules visible with Giemsa or toluidine blue stains. The mastocytosis syndrome was then supposed to be a benign chronic dermatosis of childhood with spontaneous regression by adolescence. The clinically pathognomonic symptoms of Darier's sign (urtication of primary skin lesion upon rubbing) and flushing help in the diagnosis of mastocytosis syndrome. In the 1950s, there was a progression in the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis achieved by scientists and clinicians of various specialties. Upon the discovery of many mast cell released mediators (heparin, histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, proteases, cytokines), receptor functions, relationship to IgE, anaphylatoxin, etc., they were recognized as triggers of various clinical features of the mastocytosis syndrome. In this paper, different forms of cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis are described, with special reference to 'mastocytosis mucocutanea haemorrhagica' observed by one of the authors in a female infant and followed from 6 months till 2.5 years of age. The patient showed practically all the diverse forms of cutaneous mastocytosis: urticaria pigmentosa, papular, nodular, tumorous-like melanoma, vesiculobullous, erythrodermic, telangiectasia eruptiva maculosa perstans. She also suffered from nasal and rectal hemorrhage, conjunctival suggillations, plaque-like infiltrations of the glossal, oropharyngeal and laryngotracheal mucosa, episodes of flushing, and transitory apnea. It is emphasized that the diagnosis of mastocytosis syndrome may be difficult for its mimicking various other diseases. The occurence of mastocytosis syndrome from the neonatal period through adult and old age, and possibilities of symptomatic treatment and prevention of sudden death or fatalities are discussed. Familial occurrence of mastocytosis syndrome and new genetic studies that may prove highly useful for understanding the etiopathogenesis of mastocytosis syndrome are described.
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PMID:Clinical varieties of mastocytoses. 1150 29

Thyroid disorders have a high prevalence in medical practice; they are associated with a wide range of diseases with which they may or may not share etiological factors. One of the organs which best show this wide range of clinical signs is the skin. This review is an attempt to approach most of the dermopathies reflecting several degrees of harmfulness, coming directly or indirectly from thyroid abnormalities, as well as to update current knowledge on the relationship between the thyroid and skin. We have proposed a primary classification of skin disorders, regarding thyroid involvement, into two main groups: 1) dermopathies associated with thyroid abnormalities, mainly with autoimmune thyroid diseases, like melasma, vitiligo, Sjogren's syndrome, alopecia, idiopathic hirsutism, pre-menstrual acne, bullous diseases, connective tissue diseases, hamartoma syndrome, atopy, leprosy and DiGeorge anomaly; and 2) dermopathies depending on the nature of the thyroid disorder, in which the evolution and outcome of the skin disorder depend on the thyroidal treatment in most cases, such as trophism and skin blood flow, myxedema, alopecia, onychodystrophy, hypo- and hyperhidrosis, xanthomas, intraepidermal bullae, carotenodermia, pruritus, flushing, pyodermitis, palmoplantar keratoderma, ecchymosis, etc. In some other cases, the skin disease which developed as a consequence of the thyroid abnormality can remain unaltered despite functional treatment of the thyroid problem, such as pretibial myxedema, thyroid acropachy and some cutaneous manifestations of multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B.
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PMID:Skin disorders and thyroid diseases. 1168 47

The author believes that psychocutaneous medicine has indeed come of age and is being incorporated into mainstream medical practice. Patients presenting to dermatologists today are more sophisticated and are frequently dissatisfied with traditional medical therapies. They actively seek alternative approaches and adjuncts to standard treatments. In contrast to many other "alternative" (or) "holistic" treatments offered through non-medical venues, dermatologists can assure their patients that controlled studies support the efficacy of psychocutaneous techniques in improving many dermatologic conditions. Psoriasis, rosacea, herpes simplex, body dysmorphic disorder, acne, eczema, urticaria, neurotic excoriations, excoriated acne, trichotillomania, dysesthetic syndromes, and delusions parasitosis are included in this incomplete list. The author believes it is helpful for both the patient and therapist to define concrete and realistic goals for psychocutaneous intervention. Concrete observable or measurable goals can help the patient and clinician gauge therapeutic progress and success. Specifically, goals can include reduction in pruritus (rating severity from 1-10), decreased scratching activity, decreased plaque extent or thickness, decreased number of urticarial plaques, decreased flushing, decreased anxiety, decreased anger, decreased social embarrassment, decreased social withdrawal, and improved sleep. More global goals can include an improved sense of well-being, increased sense of control, and enhanced acceptance of some of the inevitable aspects of a given skin disease. Cure should never be a goal, because most disorders amenable to psychocutaneous techniques are chronic in nature; thus, cure as an endpoint would only lead to disappointment. The author encourages dermatologists to align themselves with what he euphemistically calls "a skin-emotion specialist." The skin-emotion specialist may be a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, biofeedback therapist, or other mental health or behavioral specialist. Patients are more likely to accept a referral to a "skin-emotion specialist," because this term destigmatizes psychologic interventions. Incorporating these techniques and specialists into a clinical practice will expand therapeutic horizons and improve the quality of life of many of the patients afflicted with chronic skin disease. A final caveat must be offered about attempting to make prognostic statements regarding the likelihood of therapeutic success. Although all patients can potentially benefit from psychocutaneous interventions, those with severe psychopathology and poor pretreatment functional status are likely to be more difficult to treat and to achieve less optimal outcomes. Patients with personality disorders such as borderline, narcissistic, and schizotypal disorders, and patients with any active psychotic process certainly constitute a more resistant and difficult population with whom therapeutic success is less likely. These patients, however, are often the ones in the greatest subjective distress and certainly can profit from any of the described interventions. Quoting W. Mitchell Sams, Jr., "although the physician is a scientist and clinician, he or she is and must be something more. A doctor is a caretaker of the patient's person--a professional advisor, guiding the patient through some of life's most difficult journeys. Only the clergy share this responsibility with us." This commitment is and must always be the guiding force in the provision of comprehensive and compatient patient care.
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PMID:Nonpharmacologic treatments in psychodermatology. 1185 91

Rosacea is a common chronic dermatosis characterized by varying degrees of flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, edema, papules, pustules, ocular lesions, and phymas. Etiology and pathogenesis of rosacea are still unknown. Many possible causes have been described as inducing the disease or contributing to its manifestation, such as genetic predisposition, abnormal vascular reactivity, changes in vascular mediating mechanisms, Helicobacter pylori infection, Demodex folliculorum infestation, seborrhea, sunlight, hypertension, and psychogenic factors. However, none of these factors has been proved. Rosacea shows a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, which vary over time and with age. Successful management of rosacea requires careful patient evaluation and individualized therapy with appropriate variations and modifications, as the severity of the disorder fluctuates. In mild cases of rosacea, patients are instructed to avoid sun, to apply sun-protective creams, and to avoid facial irritants and other triggers that provoke symptoms. At later stage, drug therapy is often necessary. The disease commonly requires long-term treatment with topical or oral medicaments. Surgical correction may be required for rhinophyma and telangiectasia. We reviewed the current literature on the aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for rosacea.
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PMID:Etiopathogenesis, classification, and current trends in treatment of rosacea. 1467 Feb 25

Rosacea is a common facial dermatosis, which may have detrimental effects on the patient's psychological and social interactions. It is a disease of the middle aged, skin types I and II are more often affected than darker skin types. Clinically, pre-rosacea, and rosacea grade I-III may be distinguished. Pre-rosacea is characterized by flushing and blushing, grade I to III by erythemato-teleangiectasies, papulopustules, and inflammatory nodules. Especially severe subtypes include rosacea conglobata and rosacea fulminans. Hyperglandular subtypes lead to different forms of phyma, of which Rhinophyma is the most frequent. Pathogenetically destruction of the dermal vessels and connective tissue seems to be decisive for the development of a chronic inflammation, which leads to the phenotype of the various forms of rosacea. Mild forms can be treated exclusively by topical medication. Antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclin), metronidazol, azelaic acid, and the retinoid adapalene have been shown to be effective in well controlled randomized studies. The best evaluated topical medication is metronidazol. In severe forms systemic therapy must be applied. Systemic antibiotics are effective and especially isotretinoin has shown a very good response even in low dose regimens. Rhinophyma must be treated surgically.
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PMID:[Rosacea. Clinical features, pathogenesis and therapy]. 1613 36

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of facial flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. More than half of all rosacea patients may have ocular symptoms. Rosacea is associated with certain digestive diseases, such as gastritis, hypochlorhydria, or a number of jejunal mucosal abnormalities, and many patients have Helicobacter pylori infection. The role of Helicobacter pylori has often been a subject of investigation; these studies show conflicting results. Here we present results of the effects of treatment given for H. pylori eradication in seven patients with ocular rosacea that, at the same time, had clinical and serological evidence of H. pylori infection. Six weeks after completion of the treatment, all patients experienced improvement of their rosacea symptoms. Ocular disease responded better than cutaneous rosacea.
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PMID:Ocular rosacea and treatment of symptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection: a case series. 1799 65


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