Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of six week courses of vancomycin were assessed prospectively in 12 chronic hemodialysis patients who had 17 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Patients were treated with 1 gram doses of vancomycin at weekly intervals for six weeks. Peak serum vancomycin concentrations ranged from 5.5-40.0 micrograms/ml and trough concentrations were 1.0-12.0 micrograms/ml at the time of the second dose. No patients demonstrated important drug accumulation at the time of the fifth dose. Pure tone audiometry demonstrated no auditory toxicity. Flushing and pruritus (two patients) were only adverse effects noted. In 16 episodes blood cultures were sterilized within 48 hours of therapy. This investigation demonstrates that in chronic hemodialysis patients with S. aureus bacteremia vancomycin is a safe and microbiologically effective antimicrobial agent. Peak and trough serum concentrations vary widely when 1 gram doses are given at one week intervals, and thus it is recommended that concentrations be measured for each patient, particularly if the minimum bactericidal concentration of vancomycin for the clinical isolate is greater than 1.0 microgram/ml.
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PMID:Vancomycin serum levels and toxicity in chronic hemodialysis patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. 661 79

A patient with cutaneous mastocytosis had intractable pruritus but no visible skin lesions. Skin biopsies and urinary histamine and prostaglandin D2 metabolite assays confirmed the diagnosis. Adding therapy with psoralens and ultraviolet A to the antihistamine regimen markedly decreased the patient's pruritus. In patients with pruritus, flushing, syncope, or other symptoms associated with mastocytosis, this diagnosis should be considered even in the absence of specific skin lesions.
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PMID:Cutaneous mastocytosis without clinically obvious skin lesions. 672 77

Mastocytosis gives rise to clinical symptoms such as flushing, itching and diarrhoea. We report a patient with urticaria pigmentosa without evidence of systemic involvement but with recurrent episodes of diarrhoea. The patient had elevated circulating levels of calcitonin, which might have been a mediator of her diarrhoea. We suggest that serum calcitonin level should be checked in patients with mast cell disease and diarrhoea.
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PMID:Hypercalcitoninaemia in a patient with urticaria pigmentosa. A possible cause of diarrhoea. 673 Oct 41

A 39-year-old nurse exhibited for one year an immediate-type asthmatic reaction with rhinorrhea and facial flushing and itching after ingestion of alcohol. The elimination of all alcohol-containing items from the operating theater brought relief from the daytime symptoms. Some dyspnea after salicylate ingestion and in cold weather persisted. Oral provocation tests with wine and pure ethanol and inhalation tests with ethanol vapours gave rise to all the known symptoms. Asthma could be prevented by prior inhalation of disodium cromoglycate, whereas facial itching and nasal reaction was prevented by oral ketotifen but not by cromoglycate.
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PMID:[Asthma and rhinitis induced by the ingestion of pure ethanol and by the inhalation of alcohol vapors]. 680 72

We reviewed reactions previously reported in patients treated with isoniazid, who ate certain fish and cheeses. We observed similar reactions in two patients after they ingested cheese and wine. Isoniazid is an inhibitor of both monoamine and diamine oxidases, which contribute to the metabolism of histamine that may be present in some fish and cheeses. Monoamine oxidase also acts in the metabolism of tyramine, present in some cheeses and wines. Reactions reported after eating fish or cheese, in patients treated with isoniazid, are similar in that both are characterized by headache, palpitations, skin flushing, nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. Reactions after fish have not been associated with increased blood pressure, whereas those following cheese ingestion frequently result in modest increases in blood pressure. Patients treated with isoniazid should be alerted to the possibility of reactions after eating certain foods.
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PMID:Interactions of isoniazid with foods. 710 82

The pharmacokinetic properties of intravenously administered vancomycin were studied in four healthy volunteers. Reversible adverse effects (flushing, tachycardia, pruritus) occurred in two subjects who received high-dose rapid intravenous infusions. Distribution of vancomycin proceeded as a biphasic process in all four subjects. The initial distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) was less than 8 minutes in all cases, with intermediate half-lives (t1/2 pi) varying from 0.43 to 1.48 hour and elimination half-lives (t1/2 beta) varying from 4.7 to 11.2 hours. Vancomycin clearance was less than creatinine clearance, probably because of serum protein binding, which was determined to be 55 per cent.
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PMID:Single-dose kinetics of intravenous vancomycin. 738 Oct 31

Cytokines are critical to several fundamental homeostatic mechanisms such as fever, acute phase reactions, wound healing, hematopoiesis, inflammation, cellular and humoral immune responses, and tumor regression. As a result of advances in recombinant DNA technology, recombinant cytokines are available as therapeutic agents. They have been used for metastatic cancers and immunodeficiencies, as a therapy for naturally occurring or drug-induced anemias or leukopenias, and they have also been applied to some cutaneous disorders. Cytokine therapy can result in toxic reactions that affect many organ systems, especially the skin. These reactions are common and diverse, ranging from minor injection site reactions, pruritus, and flushing to life-threatening autoimmune disorders, severe erythroderma, or bullous skin reactions. This review focuses on the major cytokines that are in current clinical use or under investigation and describes the cutaneous complications of these agents.
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PMID:Cutaneous reactions to recombinant cytokine therapy. 895 80

Recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was employed to treat adult-type atopic dermatitis. Eight cases received subcutaneous injections of 500,000 JRU of IFN-gamma for 8 weeks. They responded relatively well to this treatment; however, the overall response to the treatment was not significantly better than that to conventional therapy in the control group. There was no significant suppression of itch or erythema. Swelling was reduced at the 8th week in the treatment group. Frequency of flushing attacks on the face was reduced and disappeared within four weeks in 6 of these patients; however, a similar reduction of frequency was observed in the control group. Papular and lichenified lesions on the trunk and extremities responded significantly to the treatment later than 5 weeks after its initiation. Serum IgE level was not affected by the treatment. Seven had the same level of serum IgE before and after the treatment. The serum cytokine level in the treated patients was also unaltered. Therefore, although IFN-gamma treatment has some benefit in the treatment of severe cases of atopic dermatitis, it should be applied to limited cases because of its high cost.
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PMID:Gamma-interferon therapy for severe cases of atopic dermatitis of the adult type. 773 73

Nicotinic acid and derivatives are effective in numerous forms of hyperlipoproteinemia. Its primary mode of action is to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue and to prevent the utilization of free fatty acids for TG-rich lipoprotein synthesis in the liver. Consequently, it decreases the plasma lipoproteins which are considered to be atherogenic--VLDL, LDL and Lp(a), while it increases the antiatherogenic lipoprotein--HDL. A gradual administration of nicotinic acid or derivatives is useful to reduce the side effects such as flushing and itching. In the secondary prevention trials, nicotinic acid therapy with other hypolipidemic drugs asserted protective effects on the development/progression of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[Nicotinic acid and derivatives for therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia]. 785 25

Twenty-four asymptomatic, HIV-1-seropositive subjects with CD4 cell counts of > or = 400/microliters participated in a Phase I/II, dose escalation trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC: Procysteine). Four groups of six subjects each were consecutively assigned to receive OTC at an initial dose of 3, 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg, followed by the same dose given twice weekly for 6 weeks. Increases in whole-blood glutathione were observed in the highest dosage group after 6 weeks of therapy. No effects on changes in CD4 cell counts, viral load, or proviral DNA frequency were observed among the four dosage groups, although a decline in beta 2-microglobulin levels was apparent in the highest dosage group. One subject withdrew due to headaches; other probable adverse events including rash, flushing, pruritus, lightheadedness, and diminished concentration were self-limited.
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PMID:A phase I/II trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. 790 62


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