Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We administered recombinant (biosynthetic) human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to 16 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and leukopenia (2225 +/- 614 cells per microliter [mean +/- SD]). Each patient first received a single intravenous dose; 48 hours later a 14-day continuous intravenous infusion of the agent was begun. The doses used were 1.3 X 10(3) (n = 4), 2.6 X 10(3) (n = 4), 5.2 X 10(3) (n = 4), 1.0 X 10(4) (n = 3), or 2.0 X 10(4) (n = 1) U per kilogram of body weight per day. Administration of recombinant GM-CSF resulted in dose-dependent increases in circulating leukocytes and in increases in circulating neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. The peak leukocyte count ranged from 4575 +/- 2397 cells per microliter at the lowest dose, to 48,700 in the patient receiving the highest dose. Mild side effects--low-grade fever, myalgia, phlebitis, and flushing--were observed in some patients; there were no life-threatening toxic reactions. Our data demonstrate that recombinant human GM-CSF is well tolerated and biologically active in leukopenic patients with AIDS. Strategies to increase the number and function of circulating leukocytes may reduce the morbidity and mortality of infections in these and other patients with leukopenia.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on myelopoiesis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 349 44

In a study of 32 patients, there were 29 cases of intra-uterine fetal death and 3 cases of hydatidiform mole. The intravenous administration of either prostaglandin E1, E2 or F2 successfully induced labor in 29 out of the 32 cases. 2 patients delivered following additional intravenous oxytocin and there was 1 failure due to the development of upper limb cyanosis. Side-effects included vomitng, phlebitis, facial flushing, rigors, pyrexia and uterine hypertonus. The method confirms the high success rates reported previously but the incidence of side-effects was disturbing. It is emphasized that prostaglandin E1 was used during this original research trial when prostaglandins were 1st investigated clinically. Prostaglandin E1 has not been made available commerically.
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PMID:Induction of labour and abortion by intravenous prostaglandins in pregnancies complicated by intra-uterine foetal death and hydatidiform mole. 444

Intravenous and oral administration of a chemically stable carboprostacyclin analogue, 15-cyclopentyl-omega-pentanor-5(E)-carbacyclin (ONO 41483), resulted in ex-vivo inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in man. The maximum tolerated intravenous dose was 2.5 ng/kg/min for 1 hour and this produced a mean of 27.1% inhibition in 3 volunteers. For oral administration the tolerated single dose was 200 microgram. At this dose, there was 56.3% inhibition of aggregation (mean of 3 results). High oral (400 microgram) and intravenous doses (5 and 10 ng/kg/min for 1 hour) of ONO 41483, which caused marked inhibition of aggregation (ranging 39-100%), was accompanied by flushing of face and extremities, headache and phlebitis. However, none of the doses tested produced significant changes in arterial blood pressure or heart rate.
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PMID:Inhibition of platelet aggregation with intravenous and oral administration of a carboprostacyclin analogue, 15-cyclopentyl-omega-pentanor-5(E)-carbacyclin (ONO 41483) in man. 633 31

Increasing numbers of chemotherapeutic agents are being used to treat patients with cancer and various immunologically mediated and inflammatory disorders. Many of the drugs used have distinctive cutaneous side effects that range from relatively common ones, such as alopecia, stomatitis, and hyperpigmentation, to more unusual ones, such as radiation enhancement and recall phenomena, photosensitivity and hypersensitivity reactions, and phlebitis or chemical cellulitis. In addition, there are some rare complications such as diffuse sclerosis of the hands and feet, Raynaud's phenomenon, sterile folliculitis, and flushing reactions. By being aware of which drug may have caused a particular cutaneous reaction, dermatologists will be able to contribute to the care of patients with complex problems in a meaningful way.
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PMID:Cutaneous complications of chemotherapeutic agents. 664 64

In the light of evidence which linked heparin induced thrombocytopoenia (HIT) to the prolonged flushing of intermittent i.v. cannula with heparinised saline, a randomised control trial was mounted to determine whether this solution was a superior flushing agent to normal saline. 152 inpatients between the ages of 2 months and 18 years were allocated to a control group which had heparinised saline prescribed as a flushing agent, or an experimental group which was prescribed normal saline. Each day i.v. sites were examined for signs of phlebitis and on removal each cannula was flushed to check for fibrin. In total 200 cannulae representing 510 i.v. days were assessed. No significant differences were detected in either the duration of IV therapy, the patency of the i.v. line or the incidence of phlebitis when normal saline was used to flush the i.v. cannulae. On chi square testing however, highly significant associations emerged between the incidence of phlebitis and the use of the i.v. antibiotics tobramycin (p = 0.05) and/or Timentin (p = 0.008). In addition, young children were found to have a significantly higher incidence of blocked cannulae--regardless of the flushing solution used.
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PMID:Intermittent intravenous therapy: a comparison of two flushing solutions. 759 68

Since no nursing policy on flushing procedures existed in their small community hospital, the authors thought it would be useful to clarify recent reports of the equivalency of saline to heparin flushes in their patient group before establishment of such a policy. They conducted a 2 month double-blinded, cross-over study of catheter failures when using either saline or heparin 10 units/mL flushing solutions. All medical and surgical floor patients were included in the study. Floor nurses were used as observers and characterized catheter failures as either loss of patency or phlebitis. Heparin was shown to cause more phlebitis than saline (p less than .025), but no difference was found between the two flushing solutions in loss of patency. Data revealed a statistically significant advantage to using saline flushes when both loss of patency and phlebitis were combined (p less than .05). They recommended adoption of a flushing procedure which did not contain heparin.
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PMID:Heparin versus saline flushing solutions in a small community hospital. 1010 99

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of maintaining peripheral intravenous devices in neonates: continuous infusion (CI) and intermittent flushing (IF). There was no significant difference in the mean duration of patency between the two groups, but there was a significant difference with respect to reasons for removal or loss of patency. The main reason for removal in the CI group was infiltration or phlebitis, and in the IF group the reason was occlusion.
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PMID:A comparison of continuous infusion and intermittent flushing methods in peripheral intravenous catheters in neonates. 1127 70

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of weekly vinorelbine (VNB) in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with both adriamycin (ADM) and docetaxel (TXT). VNB was administered weekly at the dose 20 mg/m2 by i.v. infusion over 20 minutes followed by flushing the vein with 100 ml of normal saline. From June 1999 to August 2000, ten patients were enrolled in this study. Patient characteristics were that the cumulative doses (median) of previous ADM and TXT were 300 mg (range, 120-880 mg), 560 mg (range, 120-960 mg) respectively. The median number of metastatic sites was four, with poor performance status (ECOG 1-2: 40%, 3-4: 60%). The median cycles of weekly VNB were seven (range: 2-12). Two of 10 assessable patients obtained partial response, with an overall response rate of 20%. The main toxicity (NCI grade 4) was leukopenia in 10% of 10 patients. Phlebitis (grade 2) was observed in 4 of 10 patients (40%). VNB is an active agent against metastatic breast cancer pretreated with both ADM and TXT, possessing no severe toxicities.
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PMID:[Treatment outcomes with vinorelbine for metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with both doxorubicin and docetaxel]. 1168 Dec 47

This study examined the impact that implementation of guidelines for the management of peripheral intravascular devices had on nurses' knowledge and practice as well as patient outcome. A pre- and posttest nonequivalent experimental study was conducted in a Hong Kong tertiary care teaching hospital. The results showed that the percentage of correct answers for all questions was significantly higher at the posttest. The overall results also showed significant practice improvement in terms of the flushing agent used, documentation, and site dressing. There also was a decrease in the incidence of extravasation and phlebitis. It was concluded that evidence-based practice is important for improving patient outcomes. Compliance with the guidelines served as an important measure for the prevention of intravascular device-related complications.
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PMID:An intervention study to evaluate nursing management of peripheral intravascular devices. 1538 96

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC) represent an alternative for critical patient care, and are safer to implant in home patients. The authors report on their experience with the first 200 4 Fr Groshong PICC implanted during the last 18 months. The procedure can be easily applied at home (98% successful implant rate), without the need for fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance. Moreover, the authors believe that the X-ray control after implant is not strictly necessary. After 11,570 days/catheters, only 5 devices were explanted because of complications: 4 because of sepsis and peripheral phlebitis, and the last was explanted by another medical staff for unclear reasons. The complications needing no explanation were a total of 32: for 12 of them the external portion of tube was damaged during use, while for the other 20 the internal clots were resolved with forced flushing. The authors conclude that Groshong PICC can be considered the gold standard for home care management of critical patients, taking into account the quality of pure silicon, the presence of a valve and the specially-made closed-tip.
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PMID:Groshong PICC and home care: an opportunity. Clinical experience after the first 200 implants. 1763 36


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