Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The changes in daytime levels of melatonin (MLT) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of twenty seven hydrocephalic patients were studied by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Patients comprised three with congenital hydrocephalus (spina bifida 1, Chiari type II malformation 2), four post-meningitic hydrocephalus, fifteen brain tumors (chiasmal germinoma 3; malignant glioma of frontal 3, and temporal lobes 1; germinoma 1, teratoma 2, yolk sac tumor 1, epidermoid 1 in pineal region) and five cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus. CSF was collected between 0930 and 1030 h through puncture of the flushing device of shunt system or the lateral ventricle. The lowest value of MLT detected by HPLC was 15 pg/ml. Melatonin values were higher in patients aged under 10 years than over 20 years in the absence of meningitis or tumor in the pineal region. Even at ages over 15 years, higher CSF MLT values were obtained in the patients with meningitis or tumors in the pineal region. These results suggest that the inflammation or invasion of tumor into the pineal gland may stimulate the secretion of MLT by the pineal gland. However, lower MLT values were obtained in all patients over 40 years old. For these reasons, if one may use the changes of MLT values in CSF as a tumor marker or for determination of the treatment modality, time of CSF collection, age of patient, location or character of the tumor and presence of meningitis should be given due consideration. Also, the presence or absence of the rhythmical changes of melatonin values in a day following circadian rhythm are very important in determination of the treatment modality.
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PMID:[The studies of melatonin values in the cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic patients]. 191 Sep 47

Twenty-six children, aged 2 months to 15 years, were treated with intravenous ceftriaxone sodium, 37.5 mg/kg every 12 hours, for an average of seven days. Clinical and microbiologic cures occurred in 19 of 21 patients, from whom bacterial pathogens were cultured. Ceftriaxone was not effective in treating an 18-month-old infant with periorbital cellulitis caused by relatively resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A relapse occurred in a 2-month-old infant with meningitis caused by ceftriaxone-sensitive Salmonella. Eleven patients had transient diarrhea, superficial candidiasis developed in ten patients, and one patient experienced skin flushing during administration of the antibiotic. Transient asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities were detected in 15 patients; nine patients had elevated serum concentrations of transaminases or bilirubin, 11 had thrombocytosis, three experienced eosinophilia, and one had thrombocytopenia. Transient suppression of normal flora of the intestine occurred in 21 patients. Side effects were not serious enough to warrant discontinuing ceftriaxone therapy in any patient.
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PMID:Ceftriaxone therapy in pediatric patients. 631 6

We report the case of a 41-year-old man infected with human immunodeficiency virus who had two episodes of aseptic meningitis that occurred 2 weeks apart; the first was associated with ingestion of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and the second was associated with ingestion of TMP alone. Onset of fever, headache, and flushing was abrupt, followed by somnolence, hearing loss, and aphasia. Analysis of the CSF showed pleocytosis and an elevated protein level. The findings resolved within 48 hours after withdrawal of the drug. We also review 18 previously reported cases of TMP-SMZ- or TMP-induced meningitis, 17 of which occurred in women. In all of these cases, a similar abrupt onset and resolution were noted. Six of the 18 patients had collagen-vascular diseases. All but two of these patients had multiple recurrent episodes of meningitis before the diagnosis was made. We conclude that the diagnosis of TMP-SMZ- or TMP-induced meningitis should be considered when a patient receiving these drugs has recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis.
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PMID:Trimethoprim-induced aseptic meningitis in a patient with AIDS: case report and review. 781 61

This report documents clinical features in five children who developed transient reddening of the skin (epidermal flushing) in association with acute elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP). Four boys and one girl (ages 9-15 years) deteriorated acutely secondary to intracranial hypertension ranging from 30 to 80 mm Hg in the four documented cases. Two patients suffered from ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunctions, one had diffuse cerebral edema secondary to traumatic brain injury, one was found to have pneumococcal meningitis and hydrocephalus, and one suffered an intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus intraoperatively. All patients were noted to have developed epidermal flushing involving either the upper chest, face, or arms during their period of neurological deterioration. The response was transient, typically lasting 5 to 15 minutes, and dissipated quickly. The flushing reaction is postulated to be a centrally mediated response to sudden elevations in ICP. Several potential mechanisms are discussed. Flushing has clinical importance because it may indicate significant elevations in ICP when it is associated with neurological deterioration. Because of its transient nature, the importance of epidermal flushing is often unrecognized; its presence confirms the need for urgent treatment.
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PMID:Flushing in relation to a possible rise in intracranial pressure: documentation of an unusual clinical sign. Report of five cases. 1083 68

Viruses cause most forms of encephalitis. The two main types responsible for epidemic encephalitis are enteroviruses and arboviruses. The City of New York reports about 10 cases of encephalitis yearly. Establishing a diagnosis is often difficult. In August 1999, a cluster of five patients with fever, confusion, and weakness were admitted to a community hospital in Flushing, New York. Flaccid paralysis developed in four of the five patients, and they required ventilatory support. Three, less severe, cases presented later in the same month. An investigation was conducted by the NewYork City (NYC) and New York State (NYS) health departments and the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The West Nile virus (WNV) was identified as the etiologic agent. WNV is an arthropod-borne flavivirus, with a geographic distribution in Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia. It has also been isolated in Australia and sporadically in Europe but never in the Americas. The majority of people infected have no symptoms. Fever, severe myalgias, headache, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and a roseolar rash can occur. Rarely, encephalitis or meningitis is seen. The NYC outbreak resulted in the first cases of WNV infection in the Western Hemisphere and the first arboviral infection in NYC since yellow fever in the nineteenth century. The WNV is now a public health concern in the United States.
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PMID:The West Nile virus encephalitis outbreak in the United States (1999-2000): from Flushing, New York, to beyond its borders. 1179 74

Renal transplantation is method of choice for treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease without contraindications for immunosuppressive therapy. Neurological complications occur frequently in renal transplant recipients. They may be the consequence of immunosuppressive treatment, but more often evolve as the consequence of previous disturbances which developed during the state of uraemia and treatment with dialysis. The most pronounced neurotoxic effect has calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The spectrum of neurological disturbances caused by calcineurin inhibitors range from very mild symptoms as paraesthesiae, tremor, headache or flushing, to severe changes that may cause lethal outcome. Peripheral neuropathies in renal transplant recipients may occur in the form of mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy. Cerebrovascular diseases are consequence of changes on blood vessels caused by uraemia, dialysis and side effects of immunosuppressive drugs. They cause death in 8% of renal transplant recipients. Central nervous system (CNS) infections usually occur during the first posttransplant year. Unclear symptomatology frequently postpones the diagnosis. Diagnostic evaluation should include magnetic resonance imaging for localization of the process, as well as lumbal puncture in cases without contraindications for the procedure, in order to determine the causative agent. Regarding the ominous prognosis of CNS infections in the immunocompromised host, only timely diagnosis may improve survival. The most common causative agents are Cryptococcus neoformans, Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus funigatus. Viral infections also occur, and are commonly caused by herpes virideae, varicella-zoster virus and papova virus. CNS infections clinically present as meningitis, progressive dementia or focal neurological defect. The most common primary brain tumors are B-cell lymphomas, but glioblastoma, hemangioblastoma, leiomyosarcoma or glioma may also occur. In cases of neurological posttransplant complications, optimal treatment should be guided by neurologist, nephrologist and infectologist, in some cases also by neurosurgeons.
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PMID:[Neurological complications in renal transplant recipients]. 1857 36

Shunt malfunctions that require surgical intervention during pregnancy and the postpartum period are rare. Furthermore, no study has reported on an acute shunt malfunction immediately after cesarean section. Here, we describe the case of a 32-yr-old woman who became drowsy 12 hr after cesarean section delivery of her second child. She had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed to treat hydrocephalus associated with meningitis at 26 yr of age. Marked ventriculomegaly was seen on brain computed tomography and her consciousness recovered temporarily after aspirating cerebrospinal fluid from the flushing device. At surgery, the distal catheter tip was plugged by a blood clot. We believe that the blood spilled over during the cesarean section. The clogged catheter end was simply cut off and the remaining catheter was repositioned in the peritoneal cavity. Her consciousness recovered fully.
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PMID:Acute shunt malfunction after cesarean section delivery: a case report. 2035 15