Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To define the maximum tolerated dose and to study whether recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) reduced chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, 20 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced ovarian cancer eligible for treatment with 6 cycles of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide every 4 weeks (day 1) were entered in a phase I/II open, single-center trial. Cohorts of five patients received during 7 days 1, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/d rhIL-3 (days 5 through 11) in cycles 1, 3, and 5 by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion or once daily subcutaneous (SC) administration. In control cycles 2, 4, and 6, no rhIL-3 was administered. rhIL-3 significantly increased the recovery of leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, especially at 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/kg rhIL-3. rhIL-3 also increased basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts at this dose steps. Effects on reticulocytes were limited. No difference in efficacy between SC and IV rhIL-3 treatment was found. Chemotherapy postponement for insufficient bone marrow recovery was necessary in 22 of 45 control cycles versus 2 of 49 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .001). Platelet transfusions were required in 7 of 45 control cycles versus 3 of 50 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .5). rhIL-3 up to 10 micrograms/kg/d could be administered without severe side effects. At 15 micrograms/kg/d, rhIL-3 headache was dose-limiting. Other side effects were fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea, skin rash, flushing, facial erythema, and urticaria. Liver toxicity occurred in rhIL-3 and control cycles. rhIL-3 slightly increased tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A plasma levels, whereas no effect on IL-6 plasma levels was observed. rhIL-3 administered SC appears to be an interesting hematopoietic growth factor for reduction of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity.
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PMID:Effects of interleukin-3 after chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. 151 36

Thirteen patients with ileal carcinoids complicated by liver metastases were treated with human leukocyte interferon (IFN) subcutaneously (s.c.) at doses of 3-6 x 10(6) IU/day 5 days weekly during 12 months. Objective tumour response was obtained in 2 patients, based on reduction in tumour size in one patient and on reduction in tumour markers in the other. Stable disease was noted during the 12-month treatment period in 10 patients. Progressive disease was seen in one patient. This patient exhibited tumour growth, new metastases and increases in tumour markers. Among patients with daily flushing prior to treatment, 50% were free of flush after 12 months of IFN. Adverse effects, including a mild influenza-like syndrome, joint and muscle pains, tiredness and reduction of blood cells were observed but did not necessitate long-term dose reductions. Thus, IFN therapy to midgut carcinoid patients resulted in tumour response or stable disease in 12 out of 13 patients without causing severe side effects.
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PMID:Interferon treatment in patients with malignant carcinoids. 274 82

The effect of rhIL-3 was investigated in 32 patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a phase I/II trial. All patients received 6 cycles of standard CHOP chemotherapy, and each patient was his own control where rhIL-3 was given as a daily s.c. injection for 14 days (day 2-15) in cycle 2 and 4, while cycle 1 and 3 were control cycles. Five dose levels were examined (0.5 - 1 - 5 - 7.5 - 10 micrograms/kg). Compared to the other more lineage-specific hemopoietic growth factors G- and GM-CSF, the effect of rhIL-3 on the hemopoiesis was less dramatic and more delayed, i.e. the most apparent effect was observed in the 2 weeks of treatment. Thus, the neutrophil counts from days 15 to 22 following CHOP were significantly raised and the duration of neutropenia was shorter (significantly only at 10 micrograms/kg), while the nadir values were unaffected. Platelet recovery from days 12-22 was significantly increased and nadir values occurred earlier compared to control cycles, but were only increased in some subsets. Other cell populations affected moderately in the recovery period were eosinophils and monocytes. Reticulocytes increased, but no effect on hemoglobin or RBC transfusion requirement was noted. Only moderate adverse reactions occurred such as fever, chills, flushing of the face and flu-like symptoms. There was no evidence of stimulation of tumor growth. Most significant, the rhIL-3 treatment at all but the lowest dose levels led to an improved tolerance to chemotherapy, as indicated by a decline in number of delayed cycles. A conclusion concerning the role of rhIL-3 as post-chemotherapy adjuvant should await studies using rhIL-3 in combination with more lineage-restricted hemopoietic growth factors.
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PMID:Effects of interleukin-3 following chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A prospective, controlled phase I/II study. 769

A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of an asthmatic attack. Her first asthma attack occurred when she was 53 years old. It was followed by a flu-like infection, and was preceded for one year perennial rhinitis and loss of the sense of smell. Symptoms were perennial, and unrelated to the seasons. Because these clinical findings resembled those of aspirin-induced asthma (AIA), an aspirin-DL-lysine i.v. challenge test was done. Cough, perspiration, and flushing was provoked within 15 min after aspirin-DL-lysine injection, but FEV1 did not change. Respiratory sounds were normal and no wheezing was audible. Other cyclooxygenase inhibitors (ketoprofen, sulpyrine and acetaminophen) provoked the same symptoms. Successively increasing doses of injected aspirin-DL-lysine resulted in complete tolerance to this stimulus. We propose that aspirin-induced cough without bronchoconstriction is a new type of aspirin hypersensitivity.
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PMID:[A case of aspirin-induced cough without bronchoconstriction. A new type of aspirin hypersensitivity]. 779 60

Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with ICE chemotherapy (ifosfamide 2000 mg/m2, days 1-3; carboplatin 300 mg/m2, day 1; etoposide 75 mg/m2, days 1-3) intravenously (i.v.) during the first 3 d of a maximum of four 28 d treatment cycles. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) was administered in cycles 2 and 4 as a daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injection on days 5-18. Cohorts of three patients were treated at dosage levels of 0.5, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 micrograms/kg/d. At 15.0 micrograms/kg/d a 'flu-like' syndrome of myalgias, arthralgias and fatigue was considered dose-limiting. Other toxicities were headache, fever, urticaria, arrhythmia, chills and flushing. Subsequently, nine patients were added to the group receiving 10 micrograms/kg/d. 27 patients received IL-3 after their second course of ICE. At 10 and 15 micrograms/kg/d, IL-3 in cycle 2 was associated with enhanced haematological recovery. Depth of neutrophil nadir and days of neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 x 10(9)/l) were reduced in 9/13 patients and in 8/11 patients, respectively. No effect was seen on platelet nadir or days of thrombocytopenia. IL-3 was well tolerated up to 10 micrograms/kg/d when given as a daily s.c. injection. Results suggest IL-3 as a potential adjunct to chemotherapy, and further studies to explore administration of IL-3 in combination with other cytokines in this setting are warranted.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant human interleukin-3 on haematological recovery from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. 798 6

This paper summarizes the worldwide cumulative experience with copolymer 1 (Copaxone) in 857 patients who were enrolled in open-label (n = 586), double-blind (n = 201), and compassioniate-use studies (n = 70). The results of a phase III study, including previously unpublished information, are employed to delineate adverse events that occur more frequently among patients treated with copolymer 1 than in placebo-treated controls, and to provide qualitative information. In the cumulative database, patients usually had relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and typically received a dose of 20 mg by daily subcutaneous injection for at least 1 year, and occasionally for more than 10 years. Withdrawal rates were 8% for copolymer 1 and 2% for placebo. The most common adverse event was mild injection-site reaction, manifested by erythema, inflammation, and induration. The most remarkable adverse event was a systemic post-injection reaction that occurred in 10% of patients. It was manifested by flushing, chest tightness, palpitations, dyspnea, and anxiety, and was acute and transient. The incidence of adverse events associated with interferon beta, such as flu-like syndrome, depression, hematologic abnormalities, cardiotoxicity, and elevated hepatic enzymes, was not increased among patients treated with copolymer 1. Evaluation of the extensive experience with copolymer 1 confirms that it is well tolerated and suitable for self-administration by patients with multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Safety profile of copolymer 1: analysis of cumulative experience in the United States and Israel. 896 17

We enrolled 19 cancer patients (11 females, 8 males) with thrombocytopenia after standard dose of chemotherapy to receive IL3 10 mg/kg/day s.c. until hematologic recovery. Therapeutic success was obtained in 69.6% of cycles; a major response in 39.3% and a minor response in 30.3% of cycles. We obtained the best results in case of platelet count <49,000/mm3. The main toxicity was a flu-like syndrome. In two cycles (6%) we registered allergic episodes with flushing and lipothymia. In the 47% of cycles evaluable for toxicity no side effect was registered.
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PMID:Interleukin 3 in the treatment of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia. 976 88

Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) has been shown to be an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) of organic aetiology. This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of sildenafil for treating ED of psychogenic and mixed psychogenic/organic aetiology. Men with ED of psychogenic and mixed aetiology were randomised in a double-blind, fixed-dose study to placebo (n = 95) or sildenafil 10 mg (n = 90), 25 mg (n = 85), or 50 mg (n = 81) once daily for 28 days. Efficacy was evaluated with two global efficacy questions, a patient log of erectile activity, a sexual function questionnaire and a partner questionnaire. Patients receiving sildenafil had significantly more grade 3 (hard enough for penetration) or grade 4 (fully hard) erections per week than patients receiving placebo, and a greater proportion of patients receiving sildenafil reported that treatment had improved their erections (p < 0.001). Results of the sexual function questionnaire demonstrated significant improvement for patients with ED receiving sildenafil compared with patients receiving placebo for frequency, hardness and duration of erections (p < 0.01), and for enjoyment of sexual intercourse and satisfaction with sex life (p < 0.05). The results of the partner questionnaire were consistent with the results reported by patients and showed that treatment with sildenafil was associated with significant improvement in the partners' own sex lives (p < 0.001). Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate in nature. The commonest adverse events were headache, dyspepsia, flushing, myalgia, arthralgia and flu syndrome. Discontinuations due to treatment-related adverse events were few, ranging from 1.1% to 6.2% for patients receiving different doses of sildenafil and 4.2% for patients receiving placebo. Sildenafil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for ED of psychogenic or mixed aetiology with once-daily dosing.
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PMID:Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is effective and well tolerated for treating erectile dysfunction of psychogenic or mixed aetiology. 1122 Sep 82

We describe the engineering and product development of the chemiluminescent ZstatFlu-II Test kit for influenza diagnostics. The reaction vessel is a chemical implementation device with a polystyrene bottom chamber and a polypropylene top chamber that screw together. The patient's specimen is dispersed in a proprietary diluent and mixed inside the bottom chamber with the influenza viral neuraminidase-specific substrate, 1,2-dioxetane-4,7-dimethoxy-Neu5Ac. Neuraminidase catalysis releases the dioxetane. The top chamber contains 40% NaOH and is sealed at the top with an ABS plastic plug-crush pin assembly. The top chamber floor is 85% thinner at the centre, forming a frangible flap. An automated imaging device serves as an incubator for the chemical implementation devices and also facilitates the piercing of the flap by the crush pin. This action results in NaOH flushing into the bottom chamber, initiating chemiluminescence. The imaging device also exposes the Polaroid high-speed detector film to chemiluminescence. At the end of exposure, the film is automatically processed and ejected. Chemiluminescence from an influenza virus-positive specimen produces a "+"-shaped white image, archiving the diagnostic outcome. The modular ZstatFlu-II test kit components are easily adaptable for the chemiluminescent detection of a wide range of analytes.
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PMID:Engineering a chemical implementation device and an imaging device for detecting chemiluminescence with a Polaroid high-speed detector film: application to influenza diagnostics with the ZstatFlu-II test. 1268 27

Iloprost is a stable prostacyclin analogue with a pharmacokinetic profile allowing nebulised administration in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Inhaled iloprost is a potent acute pulmonary vasodilator with a duration of action of about 60 minutes. It may exert additional long-term benefit through antiproliferative and antithrombotic effects. Inhaled iloprost 2.5 or 5 microg six or nine times daily for 12 weeks (n = 101) significantly (p < 0.01) improved a combined clinical endpoint of a > or =10% increase in distance walked in 6 minutes and an improvement of > or =1 class in New York Heart Association functional class without clinical deterioration or death (16.8 versus 4.9% of placebo recipients, n = 102) in patients with severe PPH or selected forms of nonprimary pulmonary hypertension. Statistical analysis of the response for the PPH subgroup (20.8 versus 5.5% with placebo; n = 51 and 51) was not reported. Improvements from baseline in exercise capacity and haemodynamic/gas exchange variables have been reported in patients with PPH with continued use of inhaled iloprost. In addition, improvement in preinhalation vascular resistance occurred after 12 weeks of inhaled iloprost (p < 0.01 versus placebo) in a large randomised trial. Increased cough, headache, flushing and an influenza-like syndrome were the most common adverse events in the largest trial of patients receiving inhaled iloprost. Headache, flushing and jaw pain occurred significantly more frequently with inhaled iloprost than with placebo.
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PMID:Inhaled iloprost: in primary pulmonary hypertension. 1502 51


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