Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The changes in daytime levels of melatonin (MLT) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of twenty seven hydrocephalic patients were studied by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Patients comprised three with congenital hydrocephalus (spina bifida 1, Chiari type II malformation 2), four post-meningitic hydrocephalus, fifteen brain tumors (chiasmal germinoma 3; malignant glioma of frontal 3, and temporal lobes 1; germinoma 1, teratoma 2, yolk sac tumor 1, epidermoid 1 in pineal region) and five cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus. CSF was collected between 0930 and 1030 h through puncture of the flushing device of shunt system or the lateral ventricle. The lowest value of MLT detected by HPLC was 15 pg/ml. Melatonin values were higher in patients aged under 10 years than over 20 years in the absence of meningitis or tumor in the pineal region. Even at ages over 15 years, higher CSF MLT values were obtained in the patients with meningitis or tumors in the pineal region. These results suggest that the inflammation or invasion of tumor into the pineal gland may stimulate the secretion of MLT by the pineal gland. However, lower MLT values were obtained in all patients over 40 years old. For these reasons, if one may use the changes of MLT values in CSF as a tumor marker or for determination of the treatment modality, time of CSF collection, age of patient, location or character of the tumor and presence of meningitis should be given due consideration. Also, the presence or absence of the rhythmical changes of melatonin values in a day following circadian rhythm are very important in determination of the treatment modality.
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PMID:[The studies of melatonin values in the cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic patients]. 191 Sep 47

RMP-7, a nine amino acid peptide bradykinin agonist, increases the delivery of hydrophilic compounds across the blood-tumour barrier. In this dose ranging study, 14 patients with progressing malignant glioma (9 glioblastoma multiforme, 4 anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma; age range 31-68 years, baseline Karnofsky range 60-90%, 5 having had prior chemotherapy) were treated with intravenous RMP-7 and carboplatin to assess the safety, tolerability, and side-effect profile of increasing doses of this combination. Carboplatin dosing was by target area under the curve (AUC) according to the Calvert protocol. Patients were allocated to one of five treatment regimes: cohort A (n = 2) received 50 ng/kg RMP-7 and target AUC 5 mg/ml/min carboplatin; cohort B (n = 3) 100 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 5; cohort C (n = 2) 100 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 7; cohort D (n = 2) 200 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 7; cohort E (n = 5) 300 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 7. Treatment was given once every 4 weeks with magnetic resonance imaging scans every 2 months. Patients received 37 cycles in total (median 2, range 1-7). The drug combination, as a cancer treatment, was tolerated in all groups. Effects possibly related to RMP-7 included flushing, nausea, headache and mild increase in heart rate, all transient. 3 patients in cohort E experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. These toxicities are consistent with known effects of carboplatin at this dose range. In cohort E (n = 5) 1 patient improved and another remained stable for > or = 6 months. In summary, the dose was escalated to the maximum dose of RMP-7 given to volunteers without additional related side-effects. The side-effects of the combination were consistent with giving the two drugs alone and would merit further study for efficacy.
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PMID:A phase I study of intravenous RMP-7 with carboplatin in patients with progression of malignant glioma. 989 73

A new method for treating malignant glioma by concurrent intra-arterial injection of adriamycin during thermotherapy was performed in seven patients with malignant glioma, four males and three females, with five cases of glioblastoma and two of anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Adriamycin was intra-arterially injected at a dose of 20 mg via the common carotid artery during thermotherapy. The heating procedure was repeated three times combined with chemotherapy in one therapy course, and a total of nine therapy courses were performed in the seven patients. All patients tolerated the protocol well. Based on post-therapy computed tomography, five of the therapy courses achieved partial response, one course resulted in disease progression, and the remaining three courses showed no change. The median time to progression was 3.4 months and the overall median length of survival following stereotactic biopsy was 13.2 months. Facial flushing was observed during eight therapy courses, and extensive alopecia in six therapy courses. Intracystic concentrations of adriamycin were determined in three patients, and marked increases were observed. Intra-arterial injection chemotherapy during hyperthermia is a promising therapeutic method for treatment of malignant glioma with few adverse effects.
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PMID:Interstitial hyperthermia with intra-arterial injection of adriamycin for malignant glioma. 1643 21

The possibility of links between psychosocial factors and cancer incidence and progression has generated considerable scientific and public interest. Tachykinins, including substance P, neurokinin A and B, hemokinin-1 and endokinins, are a family of neuropeptides, acting through three types of transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors denoted NK1, NK2 and NK3. Besides their role as neurotransmitters in peripheral and central nervous system, tachykinins and their receptors are also expressed in several non neuronal cells contributing to the fine connections between nervous systems and peripheral organ system such as respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, gastrointestinal and genitourinary. Being so much involved in regulating physiological functions, they, of course, can concur to pathological conditions including cancer. Tachykinins can act on different steps of carcinogenesis. Tumors expressing NK receptors, such as astrocytoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer and melanoma, can misuse tachykinin-induced signaling, operating in normal cells, to promote proliferation and survival of cancer cells and to release cytokines and soluble mediators favoring tumor growth. In neuroblastoma, breast and prostate carcinomas tachykinins facilitate tumor metastatic infiltration in the bone marrow. In neuroendocrine carcinoma, tachykinins are responsible of symptoms associated with these pathologies including flushing, diarrhea, wheezing and right heart disease. In addition, regardless tumor histology, tachykinins may favor cancer incidence and metastatic progression by influencing blood flux and neovascularization in tumor formation as well as inducing immunosuppression mediated by neurogenic inflammation due to stress or surgery. However, the precise involvement of tachykinins in cancer pathologies and the potentiality to become effective pharmacological drug targets remain to be fully defined.
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PMID:Tachykinins and their receptors in human malignancies. 1691 32

Renal transplantation is method of choice for treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease without contraindications for immunosuppressive therapy. Neurological complications occur frequently in renal transplant recipients. They may be the consequence of immunosuppressive treatment, but more often evolve as the consequence of previous disturbances which developed during the state of uraemia and treatment with dialysis. The most pronounced neurotoxic effect has calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The spectrum of neurological disturbances caused by calcineurin inhibitors range from very mild symptoms as paraesthesiae, tremor, headache or flushing, to severe changes that may cause lethal outcome. Peripheral neuropathies in renal transplant recipients may occur in the form of mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy. Cerebrovascular diseases are consequence of changes on blood vessels caused by uraemia, dialysis and side effects of immunosuppressive drugs. They cause death in 8% of renal transplant recipients. Central nervous system (CNS) infections usually occur during the first posttransplant year. Unclear symptomatology frequently postpones the diagnosis. Diagnostic evaluation should include magnetic resonance imaging for localization of the process, as well as lumbal puncture in cases without contraindications for the procedure, in order to determine the causative agent. Regarding the ominous prognosis of CNS infections in the immunocompromised host, only timely diagnosis may improve survival. The most common causative agents are Cryptococcus neoformans, Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus funigatus. Viral infections also occur, and are commonly caused by herpes virideae, varicella-zoster virus and papova virus. CNS infections clinically present as meningitis, progressive dementia or focal neurological defect. The most common primary brain tumors are B-cell lymphomas, but glioblastoma, hemangioblastoma, leiomyosarcoma or glioma may also occur. In cases of neurological posttransplant complications, optimal treatment should be guided by neurologist, nephrologist and infectologist, in some cases also by neurosurgeons.
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PMID:[Neurological complications in renal transplant recipients]. 1857 36