Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bezalip (bezafibrate), at an oral dosage of 200 mg three times a day, has been used on 12 patients with idiopathic hyperlipidemia, and on 12 patients with hyperlipidemia superimposed with diabetes mellitus. Each patient received bezafibrate for 3 months and placebo for 3 months. Blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were used as indices of diabetic control. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC/HDL-C ratio were measured and calculated in order to compare the antilipemic effects of bezafibrate with that of placebo. Non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. In both the idiopathic group and diabetic group, bezafibrate significantly lowered the serum levels of TG and TC/HDL-C, as well as elevated the level of HDL-C. The serum TC levels were not significantly altered in either of the groups. These effects could not be ascribed to an improved diabetic control, since the percent changes of HbA1 were not different between the bezafibrate periods and the placebo periods. There were no significant facial flushing, nor other side effects during the treatment with bezafibrate. It is concluded that bezafibrate has antilipemic effects, and may be helpful in reducing the atherogenic risks.
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PMID:A therapeutic trial of bezafibrate on patients with hyperlipidemia with or without diabetes mellitus. 657 90

We examined the role of endogenous opiates and/or prostaglandins on the abnormal insulin secretion characteristic of some non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. A group of chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive (CPAF+) and a group of flush negative (CPAF-) non-insulin-dependent subjects were compared as to their pancreatic beta-cell responses to intravenous glucose tolerance tests before and after sodium salicylate infusion, and before and after naloxone infusion. There was no difference in mean insulin secretion (either first or second phase) between CPAF+ versus CPAF- groups. Both groups increased their insulin secretion with salicylate infusion, and both had a small decrease with naloxone infusion. There was no correlation between chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing and beta-cell response to glucose.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Insulin responses to glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with and without the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush: effect of salicylate and naloxone. 675 79

Twelve maturity-onset diabetic subjects were treated with chlorpropamide once daily, glibenclamide once daily, or glibenclamide twice daily in a crossover design study. Doses were increased until the fasting blood glucose concentrations became less than 6 mmol/L (108 mg/dl), at which time the patients were admitted for a 24-h study period. There was little difference between the plasma glucose and insulin responses to chlorpropamide or glibenclamide given twice daily (mean doses 489 and 11 mg/day, respectively). When glibenclamide was given once daily (mean dose 9 mg/day), similar plasma glucose concentrations during the day were obtained with slightly higher plasma glucose concentrations during the night. Four patients had chlorpropamide-induced flushing with alcohol, and six patients had postprandial hypoglycemia on glibenclamide. Chlorpropamide once daily or glibenclamide twice daily are suitable for control based on fasting blood glucose measurements.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Comparison of chlorpropamide and glibenclamide treatment of maturity-onset diabetes: control assessed by fasting plasma glucose concentrations. 678 74

Many diabetics who take chlorpropamide (a sulphonylurea compound) experience facial flushing after drinking even small amounts of alcohol. These flushers have a noticeably lower prevalence of late complications of diabetes (microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, and neuropathy) than non-flushers. This flush reaction is accompanied by increased blood acetaldehyde concentrations, suggesting an inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In the present study the activity of this enzyme in erythrocytes was assessed in the absence of chlorpropamide. Erythrocyte homogenates obtained from flushers and non-flushers were incubated with acetaldehyde and the rate of metabolism studies. Flushers eliminated acetaldehyde more slowly at a low range of concentrations (0--30 mumol/l), suggesting a difference in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
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PMID:Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and diabetic complications. 681 Oct 34

Seventy patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD) were studied for the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush (CPAF), first degree family history of diabetes, macroangiopathy and for peripheral neuropathy. Positive CPAF challenge tests were found in 65% of the tested subjects and in 77% if there was a family history of diabetes. Signs of macroangiopathy (loss of foot pulses) were significantly (p less than 0.05) less common in the CPAF positive than in the CPAF negative diabetics with a duration of diabetes of ten years or less. With a longer duration this difference between the two groups was reduced. Also signs of peripheral neuropathy (abnormal vibration sense) were less common (p less than 0.05) in the CPAF positive diabetics than in the CPAF negative. Previously a low prevalence of retinopathy in teh CPAF positive non-insulin dependent diabetics has been reported. We have shown that this is also true of peripheral macroangiopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing seems to be related to a relative protection against late complications in diabetes and the test might be used to find patients at risk.
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PMID:Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing in relation to macroangiopathy and peripheral neuropathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes. 695 48

In a pilot study six patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes, three positive and three negative to chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing (CPAF), were tested. The patients were tested both without and with chlorpropamide premedication. Blood kinin concentrations were determined before and after ingestion of small quantities of alcohol. No rise in blood kinin concentrations were found during the flush suggesting that kinins do not play a major part in chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing.
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PMID:Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing and blood kinins. 695 49

The results of seven segmental pancreas transplantations in diabetic patients, using a jejunal Roux-en-Y loop for drainage of digestive enzymes, are presented. An initial case with pancreatic duct ligation is also included. The patients ranged in age from 30 to 45 yr, with duration of diabetes from 8 to 24 yr, and were incapacitated but not uremic. Immunosuppression was attempted with azathioprine, prednisone, and antilymphocyte globulin, and, in one patient, thoracic duct drainage was added. The pancreas tolerated at least 16 min of warm ischemia and at least 4 h of cold storage; flushing with a balanced electrolyte solution was optimal. Six of the grafts provided control of blood glucose for 7--51 days, and, in one patient, an intravenous glucose tolerance test was normal at 7 and 21 days. Five of the grafts failed due to rejection 7--51 days after transplantation, and one was removed at 14 days, while still functioning, due to bleeding. In one case, early detection of rejection by a rise in post-prandial blood glucose was treated and reversed by corticosteroid administration. Two failed in the immediate postoperative period from vascular thrombosis. Drainage of pancreatic secretions from a fistula was a common problem.
Diabetes 1980
PMID:Segmental pancreatic transplantation with duct ligation or drainage to a jejunal Roux-en-Y loop in nonuremic diabetic patients. 698 9

Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing (CPAF) has been advanced and challenged as a specific marker for familial noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The previous studies assay flushing reactions employing arbitrarily defined critical threshold values of rise and rate of rise in facial temperature. Since these methods ignore the curvilinear relationship between skin temperature and cutaneous blood flow, errors of analysis obtained, Further, the role of baseline facial temperature is obfuscated. The method of malar thermal circulation index derived from the relationship between skin temperature and cutaneous blood flow provides a more accurate assay method and permits the characterization of the role of baseline facial temperature. Baseline facial temperature is less in subjects with CPAF and noninsulin dependent diabetes than in normal subjects. The lower baseline facial temperature alone may account for the reported differences in the parameters of the CPAF test.
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PMID:Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing, malar thermal circulation index, and baseline malar temperature. 712 Dec 66

Chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF) in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) has been reported to be associated with a lower tendency to develop late complications. The flush was thought to be mediated by enkephalins and prostaglandins. Early studies could not correlate CPAF to increased levels of acetaldehyde in blood and the flush was not regarded as an antabuse-like reaction. In this study, the increase of plasma acetaldehyde during the flush in 13 CPAF positive diabetics was significantly (P less than 0.005) higher than in the 13 CPAF negative diabetics during a CPAF challenge test. The increase of plasma acetaldehyde was reduced to the level of CPAF negative diabetics in three CPAF positive diabetics when they were exposed to alcohol without premedication with chlorpropamide and they did not flush. The normal breakdown of ethanol to acetic acid via acetaldehyde appears to be inhibited by chlorpropamide in the flushers. Acetaldehyde measurement is an objective method to study the chlorpropamide alcohol flush and it appears superior to the measurement of skin temperature.
Diabetes 1981 Sep
PMID:Increase of plasma acetaldehyde. An objective indicator of the chlorpropamide alcohol flush. 726 73

A total of 220 non-insulin-dependent diabetics aged over 45 (139 with a history of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing and 81 without such a history) were examined for the prevalence of large-vessel disease. Large-vessel disease was significantly more common in the group without a history of flushing (41% v 24% of the two groups respectively; p < 0.05). A history of myocardial infarction was found in 14 (17%) of the patients without flushing but in only 10 (7%) patients with flushing. Similar differences were detected in the prevalences of angina, intermittent claudication, and absent foot pulses. There were, however, no significant differences in the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease or hypertension between the two groups. These results suggest that patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes who flush in response to chlorpropamide and alcohol are significantly less likely to develop large-vessel disease than those who do not. Hence such flushing is probably related to the pathogenesis not only of small-vessel but also of large-vessel disease.
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PMID:Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing and large-vessel disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 742 35


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