Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pentaerythritol tetranicotinate (Perycit), at an oral dosage of 750 mg daily, was given to 12 patients with idiopathic hyperlipidemia and to 12 patients with hyperlipidemia superimposed with diabetes mellitus (DM). With 2 months off-drug period as the baseline, each patient then received 3 months of placebo and 3 months of Perycit. The sequence of treatment was randomized and balanced in frequency. Blood glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were used as indices of diabetic control. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC/HDL-C ratio were measured and calculated in order to compare the antilipemic effectiveness of Perycit with that of placebo. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for the statistical analysis. The results showed that in the idiopathic group, Perycit significantly lowered the serum level of TG and the ratio of TC/HDL-C, and elevated the serum level of HDL-C. In the diabetic group, although there was a similar improvement in diabetic control in both periods of placebo and Perycit treatments, there was no change in the serum levels of TG and HDL-C. There was a slight increase of the serum levels of TC in the periods of Perycit treatment, whereas a small increase of HDL-C resulted in a mild decrease of the TC/HDL-C ratio. There was mild and transient facial flushing during the Perycit treatment in 6 out of 12 diabetic patients. Otherwise, there was no side effects in either group. Pooling the two groups' data together, Perycit increased the serum levels of HDL-C and decreased the TC/HDL-C ratio. It is concluded that Perycit has antilipemic effects in patients with idiopathic hyperlipidemia, and may be helpful in reducing the atherogenic risks in these patients. In patients with hyperlipidemia superimposed with DM, although the serum lipids composition was not significantly changed after Perycit, the atherogenic risks might also be reduced as demonstrated by the decrease of the TC/HDL-C ratio.
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PMID:The antilipemic effectiveness of pentaerythritol tetranicotinate on hyperlipidemic patients with or without diabetes mellitus--a double-blind, randomized and two-period change-over experiment. 391 69

Among 53 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD), chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF) was more prevalent than among 18 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (64 vs. 28%, respectively). Among the former, chronic users of chlorpropamide (CP) had a higher prevalence of CPAF than those challenged once with the drug (86 vs. 56%, respectively). Serum CP concentrations were much higher in CP-treated patients, but levels were not different in CPAF-positive compared with CPAF-negative subjects, regardless of the length of their exposure to the drug. Our data confirm the association between CPAF and NIDD in a Jewish Israeli diabetic population and the effect of serum CP levels on the prevalence of this phenomenon.
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PMID:Prevalence of chlorpropamide alcohol flush in Jewish Israeli diabetics. The role of serum chlorpropamide concentrations. 398 Jan 99

Forty-six elderly patients (mean age 60 years) suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM), or essential or arteriosclerotic hypertension (HT) were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 served as a control, group 2 was administered 1500 mg niceritrol, group 3 was administered 162 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and group 4 was administered both 1500 mg niceritrol and 162 mg ASA/day for 8 weeks. Niceritrol lowered serum levels of beta-lipoprotein and total cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol, usually in 8 weeks. ASA did not affect the lipid-lowering effects of niceritrol. Platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine (1 microgram/ml), collagen (1 microgram/ml), and ADP (2 microM) was depressed in groups 2, 3 and 4. Degrees of depression were higher in groups administered ASA (groups 3 and 4) than in the group administered niceritrol alone (group 2). Plasma fibrinogen levels were lowered in groups administered niceritrol (groups 2 and 4) in 8 weeks. Apparent whole blood viscosity measured at shear rates of 37.6/s and 376/s was improved only in group 4 in 8 weeks, while hematocrit did not change during the study. Because flushing, the most frequent side effect of niceritrol, can be easily controlled by a low dose of ASA, and because the combination of the 2 drugs has some beneficial effects on blood rheology, this combination is considered worthwhile for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:The effects on lipids, blood viscosity and platelet aggregation of combined use of niceritrol (Perycit) and a low dose of acetylsalicylic acid. 400 83

A clinical and metabolic study of 32 patients treated with glibenclamide for a period of about one year confirmed that the drug is a potent stimulator of insulin release in maturity onset diabetes, and glibenclamide continued to have this action after a period of eight months. The drug is effective in doses as low as 2.5 mg., and the maximum effective dose is about 15 mg. No significant side-effects were found during the period of the study, in particular there was no alcohol flushing. The metabolic investigations have shown that the drug has some actions which are as yet unexplained.
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PMID:Clinical and metabolic study in diabetic patients treated with glibenclamide. 552 11

Chlorpropamide/alcohol flushing (CPAF), found in many patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD), can be blocked by indomethacin in most patients who are free of vascular complications but not in those with such complications. Since indomethacin is a prostaglandin inhibitor this finding suggests that prostaglandins may be involved in the aetiology of vascular diseases in NIDD. All 6 pairs of identical twins with CPAF, of whom 2 pairs were disocrdant for diabetes, were concordant for indomethacin blocking, which suggests that the block has a genetic basis. The difference in the response of CPAF to indomethacin in diabetic patients with and without vascular complications is probably the first indication of a metabolic difference between these two types of patient.
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PMID:Blockade of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing by indomethacin suggests an association between prostaglandins and diabetic vascular complications. 610 37

50 diet-treated, non-insulin-dependent diabetics were tested subjectively and objectively for chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing (CPAF) with a single challenge test. Of the 12 (24%) who reported a subjective flush, 9 (18%) also flushed when a placebo was given instead of chlorpropamide, so the true incidence of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing was 4% (1 patient was not retested with placebo). In a control group of 21 non-diabetics, 2 showed the specific CPAF phenomenon. Temperature measurement did not improve discrimination, but it did show a faster rise in facial temperature in CPAF-positive subjects than in alcohol flushers. This study does not confirm previous higher estimates of the incidence of the CPAF phenomenon in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Low incidence of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing in diet-treated, non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 610 2

The mechanisms of flushing reactions are pharmacologically and physiologically heterogeneous. Flushing may result from agents acting directly on the vascular smooth muscle or may be mediated by vasomotor nerves. Vasomotor nerves may lead to flushing as a result of events at both peripheral and central sites. In susceptible persons, frequent, intense flushing leads to a cluster of physical signs (rosacea). Flushing provoked by alcohol has been associated with ethnic sensitivity, a possible predisposition to alcoholism, various disulfiramlike agents, one type of diabetes mellitus, and the carcinoid syndrome and other types of neoplasia. Flushing reactions also occur during the menopause, after glutamate ingestion, and in response to oral thermal challenges.
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PMID:Flushing reactions: consequences and mechanisms. 616

We report here 2 patients with somatostatin-secreting tumours and hypersomatostatinaemia. One subject, a 36 year old woman with diabetes, flushing, labile blood pressure and diarrhea, had elevated basal plasma levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLIR) and calcitonin. Plasma SLIR increased further following tolbutamide administration. Plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), normal in the basal state, showed exaggerated responses to pentagastrin and secretin, respectively. Immunocytochemistry of the tumour tissue revealed cells containing somatostatin-, calcitonin-, PGE2- and PP-like immunoreactivity. The other patient, a 52 year old male, had an SLIR-secreting tumour of the proximal duodenum and elevated basal and post-tolbutamide SLIR levels but no signs or symptoms suggestive of increased SLIR production. Tumour tissue revealed cells containing somatostatin- and calcitonin-like immunoreactivity. We conclude that patients with somatostatinomas do not always exhibit a predictable syndrome. Patients with these tumours may exhibit a range of clinical, biochemical and immunocytochemical features typical of endocrine tumours of mixed-cell origin, such that the dominant signs and symptoms associated with these neoplasms cannot readily be ascribed to overproduction of any single hormone.
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PMID:Somatostatinoma syndrome: does a clinical entity exist? 629 17

By and large, essential diabetes mellitus is thought to be 50% inherited and 50% environmental. In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) there is a strong link with the HLA system with regard to the inheritance of 'susceptible' diabetic genes, especially the DR3 and DR4 alleles. In IDDM environmental factors act in a predisposed individual to initiate an immune response with resultant beta-cell damage and destruction. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has no clear HLA link, but has been shown in studies of twins to have a stronger genetic basis than IDDM. In NIDDM environmental factors (race, ethnicity, diet, obesity) have an important influence on the clinical expression of the disease and the severity of complications in a genetically predisposed individual. The non-insulin-dependent diabetes of the young (NIDDY) variant and the phenomenon of chlorpropamide-primed alcohol-induced flushing both underline the heterogeneity of NIDDM. Because of the heterogeneous nature and multifactorial inheritance pattern of diabetes mellitus, accurate genetic counselling is not possible as yet. However, data to date suggest that it is unwise to advise prospective parents not to procreate, since the overall risk of the development of clinical diabetes mellitus is extremely low.
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PMID:The genetics of diabetes mellitus, including the South African perspective. 638 8

An epidemiological study was carried out to compare the prevalence of facial flushing in non-diabetics, patients with insulin dependent diabetes, and patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes in response to 40 ml sherry taken 12 hours after 250 mg chlorpropamide or placebo, administered double blind in randomised order. A flush after chlorpropamide but not placebo was reported by 6.2% of non-diabetics (17/273), 9.7% of insulin-dependent diabetics (14/145), and 10.5% of non-insulin dependent diabetics (25/239), excluding those receiving long term chlorpropamide treatment. The differences were not significant. This response was unrelated to age, sex, body mass index, and family history of diabetes in all three groups. Patients taking long term chlorpropamide, however, showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher prevalence of flushing after both chlorpropamide and placebo (56.3%; 9/16) compared with the rest of the non-insulin dependent diabetics (16.7%; 40/239), the insulin dependent diabetics (6.9%; 10/145), and the non-diabetics (5.9%; 16/273). Patients receiving long term chlorpropamide would be expected to flush with sherry after a placebo tablet because of therapeutic plasma concentrations of the drug. It is concluded that there is no evidence of an increased prevalence of chlorpropamide alcohol flushing in response to the single challenge test in non-insulin dependent diabetics compared with insulin dependent diabetics and non-diabetics except in selected patients taking chlorpropamide long term. This study does not support the hypothesis that the chlorpropamide alcohol flush is a specific marker for a subtype of non-insulin dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Epidemiological study of prevalence of chlorpropamide alcohol flushing in insulin dependent diabetics, non-insulin dependent diabetics, and non-diabetics. 641 76


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