Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fenfluramine is a substituted phenylethylamine structurally related to amphetamine. Within three hours following the ingestion of 1,600 mg of fenfluramine, a 17-year-old girl, who was initially agitated and had tachycardia, developed convulsions, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiorespiratory arrest. In previously reported cases, flushing, sweating, mydriasis, tachycardia, and agitation commonly occur, as well as convulsions and abrupt cardiorespiratory arrest. The rapid onset and progression of symptoms, the short interval between ingestion and death, and the lack of responsiveness to resuscitative measures are common findings in fatal cases.
 ...
PMID:Fenfluramine poisoning. 115 34

Two infants, one girl, 5 months old, and one boy, 6 months old, presented with rhythmic and sustained motor activities of a stereotyped nature accompanied by moaning and grunting, facial flushing and altered awareness. The episodes occurred frequently and were initially believed to be epileptic. Normal electroencephalograms during the fits, lack of response to antiepileptic medication given to one child and careful reviewing of videotape recordings, enabled us eventually to diagnose the 'seizure-like' episodes as masturbatory activity.
 ...
PMID:Epileptic fits or infantile masturbation? 134 68

The feasibility of using a flexible, steerable angioscope to perform coronary angioscopy before and after percutaneous coronary angioplasty was tested. The microangioscope fits through an 8F coronary angioplasty guiding catheter and contains a multifiber viewing bundle incorporated into the body of a 4.3F balloon catheter with a central lumen for distal flushing and guide-wire passage. Angioscopy was performed without complications 45 times in 24 patients, including 6 patients with stable and 18 with unstable angina. Circumferential visualization of the target lesion was successful in 20 (83%) of the 24 patients and improved with operator experience. Excellent visualization of the target lesion was achieved in 16 (94%) of the last 17 patients. Plaque, thrombus and dissection were among the abnormal findings in the 20 patients (4 with stable, 16 with unstable angina) in whom circumferential viewing of the target lesion was achieved. In four patients with restenosis after angioplasty, the lesion morphology was distinctly different from that of lesions in arteries without prior angioplasty. In patients with stable angina, no thrombus or dissection was seen by angiography or angioscopy before angioplasty. In patients with unstable angina, thrombus was detected more frequently by angioscopy than by angiography before angioplasty (8 versus 2 of 16) and after (15 versus 2 of 16) angioplasty. Intimal dissection was also seen much more frequently by angioscopy than by angiography before angioplasty (7 versus 0 of 16) and after angioplasty (16 versus 7 of 16). It is concluded that high resolution percutaneous coronary angioscopy can be performed safely in conjunction with balloon angioplasty. Further investigation is needed before this diagnostic tool can be applied clinically.
 ...
PMID:Percutaneous angioscopy during coronary angioplasty using a steerable microangioscope. 198 10

A 4.5 year old boy with cerebral palsy presented with seizures associated with facial flushing and tachycardia following the instillation of 1% cyclopentolate, a commonly used mydriatic in paediatric practice. He had no prior history of convulsions. This case demonstrates the uncommon, though serious, atropine-like side effect of cyclopentolate eyedrops (Cyclogyl, Alcon) in usual dosage in a brain damaged child without an epileptic focus.
 ...
PMID:Seizures associated with 1% cyclopentolate eyedrops. 211 19

Animal experimental studies conducted at the turn of the century resulted in the use of magnesium sulphate as an anticonvulsant in humans. In U.S. clinics, parenteral administration of magnesium sulphate became a routine procedure in the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. This treatment has proved very effective in treating convulsions in pregnancy provided an adequate dosage was given amounting to up to 60 g daily. Mother and infant mortality were largely eliminated. Numerous clinical studies showed a negligible side effect rate. Side effects in the foetus: These are due to penetration of magnesium into the foetal blood circulation. Reports on an inhibition of cardiac rate fluctuation and changes in calcium levels have been contradictory, and hence not generally accepted. It is claimed that the parathormone level may drop slightly. Isolated reports on foetal magnesium intoxications associated with depression of breathing, slackness and hyporeflexia often prompt the conclusion that this disease pattern had been due to immaturity and asphyxia. Generally, foetal magnesium blood levels do not correlate well with signs of magnesium intoxication. Urine excretion is greatly slowed down in foetal immaturity. Side effects in the mother: Short-term relaxing action on the uterus has been described frequently. High dosages have been successfully used in arresting labour if there is a tendency to premature birth. Increase in uterine blood flow was seen after administration of magnesium sulphate in animal experiments. Magnesium is said to reduce blood coagulation by influencing fibrinolysis and thrombocyte resistance. However, a somewhat enhanced loss of blood during birth is said to be more likely due to relaxation of the uterus than to a disturbance of blood coagulation. Rapid intravenous injection causes short-term flushing, nausea and vomiting. Short-acting drops in blood pressure are possible. The cardiac output is said to increase at the conventional dosage level whereas the peripheral resistance drops due to vasodilation. Increases and decreases in heart rate have been reported, but in most cases no changes were seen. Changes in ventricular action time occur with toxic doses only, which can lead to cardiac arrest in the diastole. Other toxic signs are hyporeflexia, depressed breathing and CNS depressions which may result in coma. Hyporeflexia always occurs before the other toxic signs appear, so that it can be used as a clinical control criterion. Calcium gluconate, given via the IV route, is a good and rapid-acting antidote.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Use of magnesium sulfate as an anticonvulsant in severe pregnancy toxemia and eclampsia]. 655 75

Impotence, a common problem especially among older men, can now be treated with Viagra, This oral pill, unlike previous approved treatments mostly involving local injections, does not directly cause penile erection, but increases response to sexual stimulation. It acts by enhancing the relaxant effects of nitric acid on smooth muscle, and thus increases blood flow to certain areas of the penis, leading to erection. It has been evaluated in many randomized trials and in all was more successful in inducing erection than placebos. The most common side-effects include headache, flushing and indigestion, but there have also been reports of fatalities. We describe a 75-year-old man who had an acute myocardial infraction in the past and who had maturity-onset diabetes and hypertension. In the week prior to admission he had a cardiac scan following a few weeks of exacerbation of anginal pain for which he had been taking nitrites. He took a Viagra pill without prescription or medical advice and 2 hours later, during intercourse with his wife, developed audible respiratory distress and lost consciousness. His wife started cardiac massage but not mouth-to-mouth breathing. The emergency team found ventricular fibrillation and gave 5 electrical shocks and amines and atropine. He remained unconscious, but his pulse returned and he was hospitalized. He then had several generalized convulsions treated with i.v. valium. 20 minutes after admission there was asystole and all attempts at resuscitation failed. Cardiovascular status must be considered prior to prescribing Viagra, and the associated risk evaluated.
 ...
PMID:[Viagra--the first oral treatment for impotence that is not lacking in fatal effects]. 1090 27

In response to a question on how to avoid the rare, inadvertent intravascular or ip injection of hypertonic saline solution during therapeutic abortion, 3 consultants replied. According to Reid and Frigoletto, to avoid intravascular or ip infusion, place a small indwelling polyethylene catheter in the amniotic sac rather than a metal needle. This virtually precludes the possibility of inadvertent iv injection. When and if necessary, correct catheter placement may be confirmed by the use of fluoroscopy and amniography prior to the injection of hypertonic saline solution. The chemical imbalances associated with this accident are those encountered in severe hypernatremia with resultant brain edema and hemorrhagic softening. Bizarre paresthesia, pyrexia, altered consciousness, and, eventually, convulsions preceded the fatal cases. Peritoneal dialysis may be life saving in the event of ip injection. Naturiuretics, appropriate parenteral fluid administration, and possibly exchange transfusion might be indicated for intravascular accidents. In Goodlin's hospital there have been no cases of acute hypernatremia in the last 500 therapeutic abortions done with hypertonic saline solution. This is believed to be related to 2 changes in technique: 1) not losing the amniotic space by removing only as much amniotic fluid as can easily be obtained and 2) using a simple gravity infusion technique for the instillation of the hypertonic saline solution. During infusion it is essential that the patient be alert, for the first symptoms of intravascular injection are a slight pain, burning, or a feeling of warmth in the pelvis. If these minor symptoms are ignored and the procedure is continued, a sensation of flushing occurs throughout the body with tingling in the scalp and ringing in the ears followed finally by seizures, apnea, or coma or both. Late symptoms are those of hemolytic anemia and renal failure. From experience, serum sodium levels during these events are as high as 185 mEq/1. Along with occurrence of acute hypernatremia the contents of the amniotic cavity are sometimes extruded extraovularly through the fallopian tube into the peritoneal cavity when labor begins. Cases with serum sodium levels of 170 mEq/1 some 6-7 hours after saline instillation were observed, but by contrast these patients' only symptoms were extreme thirst and peritoneal discomfort (Lancet 1: 305, 1968). The treatment of hypernatremia is to force fluids either by mouth or iv. Since most commercial 5% dextrose in water solutions are actually 4.5% (regulations permit a 10% error), such hypotonic fluids are useful for treating hypernatremia.
 ...
PMID:Hypernatremia from intravascular saline infusion during therapeutic abortion. 1230 84

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.
 ...
PMID:Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers. 1267 87

Results from the first multi-constituent dynamic modelling study of the Humber estuarine system over seasonal time scales are presented. The model, constructed within the ECoS3 simulation software, has been calibrated using data obtained from 27 surveys of the Yorkshire Ouse and Humber estuaries during 1994-1996. The model is tidally averaged, and is one-dimensional in the vertical and in cross-section. Daily-varying longitudinal concentration profiles of SPM, POC, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium have been simulated, and these have been compared with the observations used for model calibration (model confirmation). The fits are generally good. The model captures the marked seasonal variability in concentrations of the particulate constituents (SPM, POC), and places the turbidity maximum in approximately the correct region of the estuary. There was a high degree of scatter in the SPM and POC concentrations measured due to tidal resuspension, which was not reproduced by the tidally averaged model. Comparisons between measured and simulated nitrate+nitrite are satisfactory, although for a number of surveys the modelled values are systematically too low in the lower Yorkshire Ouse and upper Humber. These discrepancies are not readily explained, but may be linked to inadequately characterised source terms for this nitrogen. The general trends in the concentrations and distributions of ammonium are reproduced by the model, despite the plethora of external inputs of this constituent, and significant modifications to ammonium transport by in situ nitrification and benthic exchange. The simulated concentrations and distributions have also been tested against independent data encapsulating axial transects in the Trent and Humber estuaries, and temporal variations at fixed sites on the Trent and Yorkshire Ouse estuaries. With some exceptions, the fits between the model results and these data are also good. The model has also been used to construct constituent budgets (external/internal sources and sinks) for each estuary for 1994, 1995 and 1996. Riverine inputs of SPM, POC, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium decreased over the 3 years, presumably reflecting changing patterns of terrestrial runoff coupled to a reduction in effluent inputs. This trend was also observed in the point discharges of these constituents direct to the estuary. The simulated estuary was a source of sediments to the North Sea during 1994 and 1996, but a sink during 1995. The difference has been ascribed to the exceptionally dry summer and autumn of 1995, in which up-estuary tidal 'pumping' of SPM was dominant over down-estuary flushing by river water. Fluvial inputs represent an important external source of POC to the model estuary (27-55%), as does the North Sea (26-58%). These inputs are exceeded by POC loss via bacterial remineralisation, suggesting that the estuarine bed is a net source of POC. Riverine inputs account for 76-77% of the external inputs of nitrate. This constituent behaves quasi-conservatively in the estuary, reflecting the dilution of nitrate-rich river waters with low-nitrate coastal water, although nitrification is a significant input (approx. 21%). Denitrification is small, and consequently all nitrate added to the estuary is lost to the North Sea. External loads of nitrite are small and ammonium nitrification accounts for approximately 93% of its annual input. Practically all of the nitrite is oxidised to nitrate, and little escapes to the North Sea. The fluvial and direct waste inputs of ammonium to the estuary are of similar size. Most of the ammonium in the model is nitrified (98-100%) and only a few tons are exported to the North Sea. In 1996 the estuary appears to have been a sink for coastal water ammonium. Constituent budgets are compared with independently evaluated fluxes. There is good agreement in a number of cases, but the comparison highlights the main uncertainties in the simulated fluxes. It is concluded that the model as currently formulated provides an excellent basis for heuristic studies of the Humber estuarine system.
 ...
PMID:The fluxes and transformations of suspended particles, carbon and nitrogen in the Humber estuarine system (UK) from 1994 to 1996: results from an integrated observation and modelling study. 1449 58

This paper discusses the phenomenon of nutritional flushing in ewes whereby increased nutrition stimulates folliculogenesis and ovulation rate. In addition the paper reviews recent findings on the effects of increased levels of nutrition on the blood concentrations of reproductive and metabolic hormones in the ewe and some of the intraovarian changes that take place in response to nutritional stimulation. Finally, in the paper, we propose a model of the physiological mechanism for the nutritional stimulation of folliculogenesis and we review how closely the model fits recent published and unpublished evidence examining the mechanism of flushing. Nutritional stimulation alters the blood concentrations of some metabolic hormones. By using short-term models of nutritional flushing, we have shown that as the blood concentrations of insulin and leptin increase that of growth hormone decreases while that of IGF-I appears unaffected by the nutritional flushing. Nutritional flushing also alters the blood concentrations of some reproductive hormones. Again, using the same model, we have shown that there is a transient increase in FSH and a decrease in oestradiol concentrations in the blood. The changes in oestradiol are particularly evident in the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. In the ovary, the effect of nutrition is to stimulate folliculogenesis. These changes are associated with intra-follicular alterations in the insulin-glucose, IGF and leptin metabolic systems. The stimulation of these intra-follicular systems leads to a suppression in follicular oestradiol production. The consequence of these direct actions on the follicle is a reduced negative feedback to the hypothalamic-pituitary system and increased FSH secretion that leads to a stimulation of folliculogenesis.
 ...
PMID:A review of the effects of supplementary nutrition in the ewe on the concentrations of reproductive and metabolic hormones and the mechanisms that regulate folliculogenesis and ovulation rate. 1682 44


1 2 Next >>