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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The scarcity in brain death donors may impose to use kidneys from non-heart-beating donors. In this paper, we have studied the injuries due to warm in situ ischemia, we also propose a pretreatment to protect the kidneys before removal. We propose the use of intra-aortic catheter for flushing by a femoral surgical approach. Functional studies of these kidneys have been performed during 2 h normothermic ex-vivo perfusion and the recognized good organs have been successful reimplanted after 24 h of cold ischemia.
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PMID:[Ability of cadaver kidneys to recover]. 700 75

Community urologists and general surgeons were recruited into a cadaver kidney program in 1976. This study from 1 center compares 41 primary cadaver kidney grafts retrieved by community hospital retrieval teams to 60 primary cadaver kidney grafts retrieved by a center-based transplant team. Of the kidneys 100 were preserved with Collins' C2 flushing followed by simple cold storage and 1 was preserved with pulsatile machine perfusion. Cold storage time ranged from 9 to 44.5 hours in the community hospital kidney group and from 11 to 44 hours in the university hospital group. There was no significant difference between the 2 kidney retrieval teams with respect to 1) incidence of acute tubular necrosis, 2) 1-month serum creatinine nadir of surviving grafts, 3) 1 and 2-year serum creatinine levels and 4) actuarial graft survivals up to 5 years. Community hospital retrieval teams can provide kidneys as satisfactory for transplantation as a center-based transplant team and are a valuable resource for cadaver kidney transplant programs.
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PMID:Effect of donor surgeon on first cadaver kidney transplant function. 703 41

Many transplant teams are reluctant to accept kidneys preserved with intracellular electrolyte flushing followed by simple cold storage when preservation time exceeds 24 hr. This study from one center is a comparison of 63 primary cadaver kidney grafts preserved with Collins 2 solution flush followed by cold storage for 9 to 23 1/2 hr to 42 primary cadaver kidney grafts preserved by the same method for 24 to 44 1/2 hr. Kidneys cold-stored for over 24 hr had a significantly increased requirement for dialysis in the first week following transplantation (55% versus 30%). One-month serum creatinine nadirs and actuarial graft survivals were not significantly different. Cadaver donor methylprednisolone (30 to 60 mg/kg) 2 to 9 hr prior to kidney removal reduced the requirement for first-week hemodialysis in the kidneys cold-stored for over 24 hr (23% versus 69%, P under 0.05). A human kidney preserved by the same method and cold-stored for 61 hr was successfully transplanted into a 38-year-old myelodysplastic. Satisfactory human kidney preservation can occur with intracellular electrolyte flush solutions followed by cold storage for over 24 hr when the warm ischemia time is very short.
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PMID:Human kidney preservation by intracellular electrolyte flush followed by cold storage for over 24 hours. 704 48

Vascular spasm may complicate both traumatic injuries and disease processes. It may be severe enough that thrombosis and vascular compromise occur, causing tissue necrosis. Transient relief may be obtained by proximal sympathetic blocks, but these are not well tolerated by the patient and require repeated injections. This study shows that a single intra-arterial injection of 1.25 mg of reserpine into the branchial artery of human volunteers with a No. 25 needle produces a prolonged sympathectomy distal to the site of injection, with cutaneous flushing, increased temperature, and increased digital pulse wave recordings. It also eliminates the vasoconstriction normally caused by a cold stimulus. Using this dose, the side effects were minimal. No complications were encountered as a result of the technique. Low-dose intra-arterial reserpine is recommended for the treatment of reversible vascular spasm.
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PMID:Vasospasm control by intra-arterial reserpine. 712 49

Much can be learned about the brain's function in pain processing through electrical stimulation. The spinothalamic tract which is conceived to be the chief pathway for nociceptive pain and whose interruption induces dissociated sensory loss can be recognized from the anterolateral columns of the spinal cord to the posterior thalamus by the induction of feelings of chiefly contralateral, somatotopographically organized, warm, cool, or cold sensations, less often burning and rarely pain. The spinoreticulothalamic tract, whose function in normal pain processing is controversial and whose interruption produces no clinically detectable sensory loss, is normally silent to stimulation. However, in patients with deafferentation pain, it appears to become sensitive to electrical stimulation, both in the anterolateral columns and in midbrain and medial thalamus, giving rise to chiefly contralateral, non-somatotopographically organized, burning or painful sensations which often reproduce fairly accurately the patient's pain. This phenomenon, which does not appear to occur in patients with nociceptive pain, may reflect denervation neuronal hypersensitivity which is a possible pathophysiological mechanism explaining deafferentation pain. The dorsal column/lemniscal system can be recognized by electrical stimulation from the spinal cord to the somatosensory cortex by the induction of paraesthesiae. Its chronic stimulation at the level of the dorsal column, the ventrocaudal nucleus or the internal capsule appears capable of suppressing deafferentation pain. The arc of neuronal tissue extending from the septal area through hypothalamus and periventricular grey to the periaqueductal grey, which acts as a receptor area for opiates and endorphins, thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on access to the spinothalamic tract, can also be exploited through chronic stimulation for the control of pain. Stimulation of the periventricular area gives rise to feelings of warmth, comfort and relaxation, of the hypothalamus, horror and autonomic effects while that of the periaqueductal grey induces discomfort, distress, anxiety and weeping, and of the septal area flushing, paraesthesiae, nausea, nystagmus and a feeling of warmth. Thus four brain systems involved in pain signalling can be recognized by electrical stimulation, one which conveys nociceptive pain to consciousness, another that suppresses it, one that may undergo denervation neuronal hypersensitivity and bring deafferentation pain into consciousness, possibly by establishing novel connectivity and one that is presumably capable of suppressing that hyperactivity.
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PMID:Identification of pain processing systems by electrical stimulation of the brain. 718 96

The possible benefit of oxygenation during initial cold flushing was investigated as means of improving the quality of live preservation in rats. In five group of animals (total 61 experiments), the lives were flushed with different perfusates. Non-oxygenated groups included controls, Collins' solution alone and Collins' solution containing perfluorotributylamine (FC-43). In the oxygenated groups, Collins' solution alone and collins' solution containing FC-43 were oxygenated by bubbling. The hepatic ATP level and histopathological changes were used to assess the quality of liver preservation. Oxygenation during the initial cooling process proved to be effective in maintaining energy metabolism and preventing the characteristic microscopic changes of ischemic damage. Oxygenated Collins' solution containing FC-43 showed a much longer lasting effect compared with oxygenated Collins' solution alone. Without FC-43. Under light microscopy, in integrity of the liver appeared to be well preserved up to eight hours with the former solution. It is concluded that enhanced oxygenation with FC-43 in the initial cold flushing period can improve the quality of liver preservation.
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PMID:Maintenance of rat liver viability enhanced by cold flushing with oxygenated perfluorochemicals. 727 99

In 16 fo 20 patients with treatment-resistant hypertension endralazine, combined with beta-receptor blockers and diuretics, significantly lowered mean arterial blood pressure from 198/112 mmHg to 148/88 mmHg. The initial dose of endralazine was 2.5 mg three times daily. After this the dosage was increased, at the three to six-day intervals according to antihypertensive action and side effects, to a maximum of 50 mg daily in steps of 5.0--7.5 mg per dose. - In a second series of eleven additional patients with treatment-resistant renal hypertension the blood-pressure lowering effect of hydralazine and minoxidil was compared in an open cross-over trial. The result was in favour of hydralazine. Sodium and water retention was slightly less marked with endralazine. Sleep disorders, increased frequency of feeling cold, moderately severe flushing with red checks and feeling hot occurred but rarely with endralazine and regressed during the period of observation.
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PMID:[Management of treatment-resistant hypertension: comparison of the antihypertensive effect of endralazine and minoxidil (author's transl)]. 734 74

Mouse blastocysts in delay of implantation and after an 18-hour activation for implantation by estrogen were recovered by flushing with glutaraldehyde containing Alcian Blue or by flushing with cold Dulbecco's PBS containing 0.1% sodium azide for further processing according to an Alcian Blue technique and a ConA-latex technique, respectively. Blastocysts in delay of implantation showed no or only faint staining with Alcian Blue, while blastocysts activated for 18 hours displayed a marked staining of the abembryonic pole. Binding of ConA-latex spheres demonstrated a markedly higher density at the abembryonic end of both delayed and implanting blastocysts. It is concluded that, as demonstrated by the Alcian Blue technique, the abembryonic trophoblast, which is the first one to attach and invade at implantation, has changed the properties of the extracellular coat, probably in a way that favors increase of adhesiveness and invasiveness. The similarity in pattern of ConA binding of both delayed and implanting blastocysts, however, suggests that this property is related more to preimplantational differences in proliferative activity of the two poles than to implantatory changes.
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PMID:Polar differences of delayed and implanting mouse blastocysts in binding of Alcian Blue and concanavalin A. 746 84

It has been shown previously that liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats is delayed if the liver is subjected to either concurrent ischaemia, flushing with cold solution, or grafting. We have shown recently that treatment with CsA preoperatively overcomes the suppressive effect of flushing and returns the regenerative response to a normal time scale. The present study was designed to investigate whether administration of FK506 would also return the observed delayed regenerative response to normal. Long-Evans rats weighing 250-350 g were subjected to standard 68% partial hepatectomy. Group 1 had no further treatment; in group 2, the liver remnant was flushed with 10 ml cold (4 degrees C) Ringers lactate solution, and in group 3, FK506 (1 mg/kg/day) was administered by intramuscular injection for 3 days before the partial hepatectomy and flushing as in group 2; a final dose was given after completion of the procedures. Animals were killed in sets of 6 per group at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after surgery and blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma aspartate amino-transferase. Liver biopsies were analyzed for measurement of thymidine kinase and ornithine decarboxylase activity and for counting of mitotic figures. While the highest recorded thymidine kinase activity occurred in group 1 at 24 hr, this was delayed to 48 hr in both group 2 and 3 and counts remained high up to 96 hr in group 3. Mitotic indices were only significantly elevated (compared with group 1 at 96 hr), while ornithine decarboxylase activity did not correlate with these changes being significantly lower than in groups 2 and 3 at 4 hr and in group 3 also at 24 hr. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase was also significantly higher in group 3. It is concluded that the administration of FK506 preoperatively to rats subjected to partial hepatectomy and flushing did not restore the delayed regenerative response to normal but enhanced the response (as measured by thymidine kinase but not by mitotic indices) which commenced at 48 hr and was still present at 96 hr.
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PMID:The effect of administration of FK506 on delayed regeneration in flushed partially hepatectomized livers. 751 Dec 55

The capillary filtration coefficient (Kf) is one of the most accurate measures of change in pulmonary vascular permeability and has been used in various models of acute lung injury. To evaluate the isolated effects of ischemia on Kf, we have developed an ex vivo rabbit lung model in which the influences of reperfusion are eliminated. The current study was designed to validate this model by determining the effect of cold flushing with low-potassium-dextran solution containing 1% glucose (LPDG), ischemic time, temperature, and inspired oxygen fraction on Kf. On completion of the ischemic period, the ventilated lungs, with the heart still attached, were suspended from a strain-gauge force transducer. After the lungs were flushed with 50 mL hetastarch solution (6% hetastarch solution with physiologic saline solution), the left atrial drainage cannula was occluded and the pulmonary artery pressure was incrementally increased by elevation of the reservoir. The Kf was calculated as the slope of the line relating the weight gain rate and pulmonary capillary pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in vascular permeability with ischemic time, temperature, and inspired oxygen fraction in isolated rabbit lungs. 751 84


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