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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a herringbone milking parlour, teat cup liners were deliberately contaminated in turn with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and Sterp uberis. Contamination was achieved by filling the liners with milk that contained 10(6) test organisms per ml. After the clusters had been back-flushed with water at 85 degrees C for five seconds, normal swabbing methods failed to recover any contaminating organisms from the teat liners in 56 tests out of 64. After 10 seconds back-flushing no recoveries were made in the same number of tests. The apparatus developed to effect this back-flushing for a particular herringbone parlour is described, with details of its routine use during milking. For a 100-cow herd, the running cost of such equipment using a five-second back-flush is estimated at no more than 4 pounds per week and, in its present form, would not add more than 10 seconds to the total milking time for each cow. Improvements in design of the apparatus, and in milking techniques arising from the routine use of the device, are also considered.
Vet Rec 1978 Jan 14
PMID:Apparatus for pasteurising teat cup liners between cows in a herringbone parlour. 34 97

A total of 69 ewes were fed either on a low nutritional plane for six weeks prior to mating and for four weeks postmating (LL), or on a low nutritional plane for three weeks and then on a high nutritional plane (LH), or on a high nutritional plane throughout (HH). Ewes at mating were 49.3, 63.7 and 70.6 kg liveweight respectively and their body condition scores were 1.6, 2.9 and 3.8. There was a significant difference in ovulation rate: LL = 1.53, LH = 2.13 and HH = 2.27, and in lambing per cent: 77, 150 and 186 respectively. Under the system of indoor feeding practised at mating, there was no economic advantage to be gained from flushing, but normally ewes would be flushed outside.
Vet Rec 1976 Oct 09
PMID:The effect of different planes of nutrition before mating on the reproductive performance of Masham ewes. 98 70

Female rats were divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) one uterine artery (a.) ligated near the utero-tubal (U-T) junction, (3) one uterine a. ligated at the level of the cervix, (4) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the U-T junction, (5) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the cervix and (6) both uterine aa. tied with one ligature at the cervix. Segmental aa. were disrupted in all experimental groups except group 6. Animals were allowed to recover for ten days and killed the first metestrus thereafter. Number of eggs ovulated was determined by flushing the oviduct with saline solution and counting the ova. Control rats ovulated 5.0 +/- 0.4 eggs per ovary. Groups 2 and 3 had an increase in the number of eggs shed from the ovary on the non-ligated side. In contrast, a decrease in the number of ova shed occurred on the ligated side. When both aa. were ligated separately (groups 4 and 5), irrespective of location, a decrease in the number of eggs shed by both ovaries was evident. No effect was found when only one ligature was placed near the cervix (group 6). The data demonstrate that blood supply to the ovary via the uterine artery is essential for the full complement of eggs to be shed.
Anat Rec 1976 Feb
PMID:Effect of uterine artery ligation on ovulation in the rat. 124 84

Eight cows were used to study the feasibility of transvaginal ultrasound-guided puncture of follicles as a method for the collection of immature oocytes for embryo production in vitro. In six trials at intervals of seven days, 104 oocytes were collected. After in vitro maturation and fertilisation the 104 oocytes were transferred to the oviducts of sheep. Six days later, 75 oocytes were recovered by flushing the oviducts. Twenty-four per cent of the recovered oocytes/embryos had developed into transferable and viable morulae and, or, blastocysts. The data show that this non-surgical and repeated collection of immature oocytes can be used successfully for the in vitro production of bovine embryos. The procedure may produce yields of embryos comparable to those obtainable by conventional superovulation procedures.
Vet Rec 1991 Mar 02
PMID:A new method for bovine embryo production: a potential alternative to superovulation. 202 Oct 36

The results of a series of experiments to investigate the use of the arylmethane dye, malachite green, for the control of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) are described. Under field conditions using the bath application method the dye gave good control of the disease with treatments at 1.6 ppm for 40 minutes repeated at seven, 14 and 21 day intervals. Flush treatments were also successful using the same treatment intervals and beginning with 3.2 ppm malachite green. The problems of toxicity and of standardising the exposure of the fish to the dye with flush treatments are discussed.
Vet Rec 1988 Jan 30
PMID:Malachite green therapy of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout: field trials. 336 31

An experiment was conducted to determine if concentrations of luteinising hormone or progesterone were different in pregnant or non-pregnant heifers for seven days before and 20 days after a successful or non-successful insemination. Heifers with an oestrous cycle length of 18 to 24 days only were used and they were bled at 08.00, 16.00 and 24.00 each day for seven days before and for 20 days after insemination with thawed semen (treatment 1) or semen diluent (treatment 2). Animals allocated to treatment 3 had the embryo nonsurgically flushed from the uterus at days 10 to 12 while animals allocated to treatment 4 were inseminated with semen diluent and then had a viable embryo transferred to the uterus between days 10 and 12. All animals were slaughtered between 19 and 21 days after insemination and pregnancy rate determined. There were no differences in basal luteinising hormone levels between treatments. Blood concentrations of progesterone were not different before insemination and for 16 days after insemination for pregnant (11 out of 15) and non-pregnant heifers (14) allocated to treatments 1 and 2. Between days 17 and 20, progesterone concentrations declined in non-pregnant heifers. Transfer of an embryo to non-pregnant heifers on day 10 to 12, did not affect progesterone concentrations, but non-surgical flushing of the embryo caused a decline in blood concentrations of progesterone. It was concluded that basal blood concentrations of luteinising hormone and progesterone, in samples taken three times daily were not different in pregnant or non-pregnant heifers before and for 16 days after insemination.
Vet Rec 1985 Feb 09
PMID:Concentrations of luteinising hormone and progesterone in pregnant and non-pregnant heifers. 398 86

Attempts were made to collect ova from superovulated cows by surgically fixing indwelling silastic balloon catheters in the uterine lumen. No ova were collected from the four catheterised cows and it was shown that ovarian activity was depressed. In this group, only 16 ovulations occurred compared with six control cows in which a total of 121 ovulations were recorded and 84 ova were collected. Also the ovaries of the catheterised cows had six large cysts, whereas no cysts were recorded in the control cows. The catheters flushed perfectly and bacteriological cultures of the flushing and uteri showed that no infections had occurred. The cows tolerated the catheters extremely well. There was no depression in appetite nor was any abnormal behaviour recorded. However, the severe depression of ovulation and the formation of ovarian cystic follicles prevents the technique from having any practical application as a means of collecting ova.
Vet Rec 1982 Feb 27
PMID:Unsuccessful attempts to collect ova by surgical fixation of uterine catheters in superovulated cows. 707 20

A method is described for the non-surgical transfer of embryos in pigs. Embryos at the 8-cell to the hatched blastocyst stage, recovered on days 4 to 7 of the oestrous cycle by flushing the oviducts and uteri of superovulated donors, were transferred transcervically into the uterine body of anaesthetised recipient gilts using a sterile disposable plastic spiral catheter and an embryo transfer cannula. Fifty-eight non-surgical transfers have been performed and six pregnancies were established. Eight and three normal fetuses were recovered from two recipients slaughtered between 35 and 45 days after embryo transfer. Three recipients came to term and gave birth to litters of two, six and seven living piglets. One recipient aborted between 45 and 60 days of gestation.
Vet Rec 1993 Jul 10
PMID:Piglets born after transcervical transfer of embryos into recipient gilts. 821 72

One hundred and forty-six Dutch cross Friesian cows were selected from a local slaughterhouse and synchronised with norgestomet. The 134 cows with a normal progesterone pattern after the removal of the norgestomet implant were treated intramuscularly with 3000 iu pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on day 10 followed by 22.5 mg prostaglandin 48 hours later. Blood samples were collected daily and at hourly intervals from 30 to 54 hours after the prostaglandin. The 113 cows with a pre-ovulatory peak of luteinising hormone (LH) were divided into three groups: 37 control cows (group 1) received a placebo six hours after the LH peak; 42 cows (group 2) received anti-PMSG six hours after the LH peak and 34 cows (group 3) received anti-PMSG 18 hours after the LH peak. All the cows were inseminated 10 hours after the LH peak. Six or seven days after insemination the cows were slaughtered and the embryos were evaluated after flushing the ovaries, and the numbers of corpora lutea, cysts and follicles on the donor ovaries were counted. Treatment with anti-PMSG had no significant effect on the numbers of corpora lutea or the numbers of embryos compared with the control group. The mean (+/- sem) numbers of corpora lutea were 14.7 +/- 1.4, 16.3 +/- 1.4 and 16.6 +/- 1.4 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The numbers of transferable embryos were 3.5 +/- 0.6, 4.1 +/- 0.7 and 5.0 +/- 0.7 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vet Rec 1993 Feb 20
PMID:Yield of embryos in PMSG-superovulated cows treated with anti-PMSG six or 18 hours after the peak of luteinising hormone. 845 3

Reviewing the literature on the vascular anatomy of the spinal epidural space, it appeared that the knowledge of the internal vertebral venous plexus is limited. Injection studies of the entire internal vertebral venous plexus after application of modern techniques, to the best of our knowledge, have never been performed. Based on the clinical importance of these structures, it was decided to study the human vertebral venous system after Araldite CY 221 injection, in order to update the morphological characteristics of the internal vertebral venous system. The vertebral venous systems of ten fresh human cadavers, between 64 and 93 years of age, were injected with Araldite CY 221 mixture. All cadavers were dissected and the posterior and anterior internal vertebral venous plexuses were studied in detail. The anterior part of the internal vertebral venous plexus is fairly constant. On the contrary, the posterior internal vertebral venous plexus showed a striking segmental and interindividual variability. In the thoracic area, two types of traversing veins are observed. Both types show a somewhat symmetrical "inversed V" configuration. No anatomical valves were observed. Nevertheless, anterograde flushing (via the femoral veins) of the vertebral venous system appeared to proceed much faster than retrograde flushing (via the superior vena cava). The classical picture of the internal vertebral venous plexus appears a simplification of the actual situation. Especially in the posterior part, segmental and interindividual differences are prominent. The preferential direction of the flow during flushing suggests the presence of functional valves, which are probably located in the thoracic part of the posterior internal vertebral venous plexus, resulting from the typical shape of the veins in this area. This might explain the difficulties with imaging of the posterior part of the internal vertebral venous plexus in vitro as well as in vivo. Further study is needed to determine whether the configuration of the posterior internal vertebral venous plexus in younger individuals is different, compared with the presently studied aged subjects.
Anat Rec 1997 10
PMID:Morphology of the human internal vertebral venous plexus: a cadaver study after intravenous Araldite CY 221 injection. 933 75


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