Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dynamic changes in bovine conceptus and endometrium occur during early gestation, in which the conceptus undergoes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) after the conceptus attachment to endometrium. To characterize EMT inducing factors, we initially undertook iTRAQ analysis with bovine uterine flushing (UF) obtained from pregnant animals on days 17 (P17: pre-attachment) and 20 (P20: post-attachment). The iTRAQ analysis demonstrated that follistatin (FST), an inhibitor of activin A, increased in P20 UF. We then found that FST decreased in P22 conceptuses, whereas elevated activin A found in P20 UF and endometria was further increased on P22. In addition, phosphorylated SMAD2 increased in P22 conceptuses. In bovine trophoblast cells, the treatment with P22 UF or activin An up-regulated EMT marker expressions, which were inhibited by FST. These results suggest that the initiation of bovine conceptus EMT could be regulated through the spatiotemporal expression of FST or activin A during the peri-attachment period.
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PMID:Regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in bovine conceptuses through the interaction between follistatin and activin A. 2732 69

Evidence accumulated suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in uterine lumen play a role in conceptus-endometrial cell interactions during peri-implantation periods. However, how intrauterine EVs function on endometrium have not been well characterized. To study how intrauterine EVs affect endometrial milieu in cattle, bovine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) were treated with EVs isolated from uterine flushing fluids (UFs) on day 17 or 20 pregnancy (P17, P20, respectively; conceptus implantation to endometrium begins on days 19-19.5). RNA extracted from EECs were then subjected to RNA sequence analysis. The analysis revealed that transcripts related to immune system were down-regulated in EECs treated with EVs on P20 compared with those on P17. To investigate whether microRNAs (miRNAs) in EVs regulate maternal immune system in the endometrium during the peri-implantation, microRNA sequence and in silico analyses were performed, identifying bta-miR-98 in EVs as a potential miRNA to regulate maternal immune system. Furthermore, the treatment of EECs with bta-miR-98 negatively regulated several immune system-related genes, CTSC, IL6, CASP4 and IKBKE, in EECs. These results suggest that EVs containing bta-miR-98 is a regulator of maternal immune system, possibly allowing the conceptus attachment to the endometrial epithelium during the peri-implantation period.
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PMID:Effects of miR-98 in intrauterine extracellular vesicles on maternal immune regulation during the peri-implantation period in cattle. 3188 13