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Query: UMLS:C0016199 (flank pain)
 2,189 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the incidence, timing, and consequences of urolithiasis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 20 patients with urolithiasis were identified from 2095 patients with ALL treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital on consecutive protocols between 1968 and 1998. For remission induction therapy, all patients received daily prednisone; continuation chemotherapy regimens differed by protocol with some including pulses of prednisone or dexamethasone and others no glucocorticoid. Patients with urolithiasis were older at diagnosis of ALL than those without urolithiasis (median age, 7.5 vs 5.0 years; P=0.03) and less likely to be black (P=0.03) than white or Hispanic, but sex and treatment era did not differ. Presenting symptoms included abdominal or flank pain, hematuria, and dysuria. All stones analyzed biochemically were calcium stones. The incidence of urolithiasis after completion of therapy was 1.8 per 10 000 person-years. Compared to this baseline rate, the relative risk of urolithiasis was 45 (P<0.01) during induction therapy, 22 (P<0.01) during continuation therapy with glucocorticoids, and 5.1 (P>0.05) during continuation therapy without glucocorticoids. Urolithiasis occurred 4.5 times more often during continuation treatment with glucocorticoids than without (P<0.05). Seven patients (35%) had recurrent urolithiasis. Patients with ALL are at risk of developing calcium renal stones during chemotherapy, especially when a glucocorticoid is included.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1264 42

Flank pain due to urolithiasis is a common problem in patients presenting to emergency departments. Radiology plays a vital role in the work-up of these patients. Many modalities can be used, including ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, and the traditionally used techniques of intravenous urography and conventional radiography. The development of nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) (single- or multi-detector row helical) has provided a means to enable detection and characterization of urolithiasis with unprecedented sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy while yielding important information for treatment planning, including the size and location of calculi. This technique can also help detect causes for flank pain outside the genitourinary tract. However, close attention must be paid to all aspects of the CT study to prevent misdiagnoses.
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PMID:Evaluation of the patient with flank pain and possible ureteral calculus. 1281 43

Unenhanced spiral computed tomography is now applied in the investigation of patients with acute flank pain to search for suspected urinary tract calculi. Spiral CT can depict urinary calculi more accurately than plain radiographs, sonography or excretory urography, and can be performed using a low dose protocol. Almost all urinary calculi, including calculi composed of uric acid, xanthine and cystine, can be detected. In addition to determining size and location of the stone, unenhanced helical CT can predict its composition. Furthermore, it reveals secondary signs of obstruction, such as dilatation of the renal collecting system and perinephric stranding. In the absence of urolithiasis, CT can frequently detect or exclude other causes of acute flank pain, thus guiding subsequent imaging and the therapeutic management.
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PMID:[Unenhanced spiral CT in urolithiasis: indication, performance and interpretation]. 1284 44

Unenhanced helical computed tomography (UHCT) has evolved into a well-accepted alternative to intravenous urography (IVU) in patients with acute flank pain and suspected ureterolithiasis. The purpose of our randomized prospective study was to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of UHCT vs IVU in the normal clinical setting with special interest on economic impact, applied radiation dose and time savings in patient management. A total of 122 consecutive patients with acute flank pain suggestive of urolithiasis were randomized for UHCT ( n=59) or IVU ( n=63). Patient management (time, contrast media), costs and radiation dose were analysed. The films were independently interpreted by four radiologists, unaware of previous findings, clinical history and clinical outcome. Alternative diagnoses if present were assessed. Direct costs of UHCT and IVU are nearly identical (310/309 Euro). Indirect costs are much lower for UHCT because it saves examination time and when performed immediately initial abdominal plain film (KUB) and sonography are not necessary. Time delay between access to the emergency room and start of the imaging procedure was 32 h 7 min for UHCT and 36 h 55 min for IVU. The UHCT took an average in-room time of 23 min vs 1 h 21 min for IVU. Mild to moderate adverse reactions for contrast material were seen in 3 (5%) patients. The UHCT was safe, as no contrast material was needed. The mean applied radiation dose was 3.3 mSv for IVU and 6.5 mSv for UHCT. Alternative diagnoses were identified in 4 (7%) UHCT patients and 3 (5%) IVU patients. Sensitivity and specificity of UHCT and IVU was 94.1 and 94.2%, and 85.2 and 90.4%, respectively. In patients with suspected renal colic KUB and US may be the least expensive and most easily accessable modalities; however, if needed and available, UHCT can be considered a better alternative than IVU because it has a higher diagnostic accuracy and a better economic impact since it is more effective, faster, less expensive and less risky than IVU. In addition, it also has the capability of detecting various additional renal and extrarenal pathologies.
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PMID:Unenhanced helical computed tomography vs intravenous urography in patients with acute flank pain: accuracy and economic impact in a randomized prospective trial. 1289 74

The prevalence of urolithiasis is higher in patients with cystic fibrosis than in the normal population. We report on a case of a 12-year-old child with cystic fibrosis who presented flank pain which revealed a calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Evolution was satisfactory with pharmacological and dietary treatment. The principal mechanisms of lithogenesis in patients with cystic fibrosis are described and preventive treatment is discussed.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis in cystic fibrosis]. 1297 8

Urolithiasis is a very common affliction of mankind. In western countries incidence is increasing steadily. An increasing proportion of patients are presenting with ureteral stones, of which renal colic most often is the first complaint and the most common reason for an emergency visit to a urologist. Proper imaging strategy is of paramount importance in the diagnosis of acute flank pain and in the subsequent therapy planning once a ureteral stone is diagnosed. Renal colic during pregnancy poses specific problems, both in imaging and therapy. Apart from the adequate treatment of renal colic, modern therapy of those ureteral calculi that will not pass spontaneously will consist of a judicious combination of ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy), endourology, and laparoscopy. Open surgery should only be reserved for limited and very specific indications. Although beyond the scope of this article, metaphylaxis should take an important role in the follow-up of stone patients in general.
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PMID:Modern approach to ureteral stones. 1453 25

This study prospectively evaluated the diagnostic value of unenhanced computerized tomography (CT) urography in patients with acute renal colic. Fifty-nine patients with clinical manifestations of acute renal colic underwent unenhanced helical CT to evaluate urinary tract abnormalities. Reformatted three-dimensional CT urography was performed in all patients. The findings were correlated with ureteroscopy, surgical findings, histopathologic findings, and clinical course. CT urography detected urinary abnormalities in 57 of 59 patients with the clinical manifestation of acute renal colic, including 45 cases of urolithiasis, three urinary malignancies, one congenital abnormality, and eight ureteral strictures (due to chronic inflammation or fibrosis). CT urography showed negative findings in the urinary system in two patients, and after clinical follow-up, urinary abnormality was excluded in these patients. Incidental findings of extrarenal disease were noted in six patients (pulmonary abnormalities, n = 2; gallstones, n = 4). Only one patient with urolithiasis was misdiagnosed as having a renal tumor by CT urography. The sensitivity and specificity of CT urography in diagnosing urolithiasis was 97.8% (44/45) and 100% (14/14), respectively. Three-dimensional CT urography is a newly developed modality to evaluate anomalies of the urinary tract. The highly accurate diagnostic value of CT urography makes it a suitable alternative or substitutive modality in patients with acute flank pain.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of unenhanced computerized tomography urography in the evaluation of acute renal colic. 1462 Jun 76

A 12-year-old girl was admitted to ward because of persistent left flank pain, vomiting, and hematuria. A stone was located at the ureteropelvic junction of the left kidney, as determined by means of abdominal sonography. Metabolic investigation for a renal stone revealed that she had hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypercalciuria. Hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed based on the hypercalcemia and inappropriately elevated serum parathyroid hormone level. A parathyroid adenoma was successfully diagnosed by using thallium/technetium subtraction parathyroid scanning. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed to treat the renal stone, and the parathyroid adenoma was successfully removed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. This case is presented because urolithiasis and hyperparathyroidism are rare in children. Metabolic evaluation is mandatory in children with a renal stone. Further investigation for the hyperparathyroidism should be performed if hypercalcemia associated with hypercalciuria is documented.
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PMID:Urolithiasis and primary parathyroid adenoma: report of one case. 1498 62

Urolithiasis is not a frequent diagnosis in school-aged children. The clinical presentation can lack many of the clinical clues such as flank pain that are seen in older patients. We present four cases demonstrating this potential diagnostic dilemma.
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PMID:Presentation variability of acute urolithiasis in school-aged children. 1501 Dec 25

Urolithiasis is a common diagnosis in patients presenting at our hospital with flank pain. One of the most important steps in the diagnostic algorithm of renal colic is the presence of hematuria, but this fact has been challenged by authors reporting a negative urinalysis for microscopic hematuria in about 9-18% of such patients. Our aim was to investigate whether the same results are obtained when a sample of urine is tested with a urine dipstick test (UDT) at the time of the initial examination. Data from patients with the clinical diagnosis of renal colic examined at the emergency department of our hospital were reviewed, and the sensitivity of hematuria in urine samples tested by UDT was recorded in a group consisting of patients for whom imaging showed evidence of a stone >3 mm in size. In cases in which UDT was negative, or showed only traces of red blood cells (RBCs), a formal urinalysis was performed. A total of 609 patients were finally included in the study, with a mean age of 49.2 years. Average stone size was 5.8 mm, located mainly in the lower part of the ureter. Dipstick analysis was positive for hematuria in 92.9%. A urinalysis, with a cut-off point of less than three red blood cells per high power field, was used as a means to verify the results of the UDT in 17.8% of cases: in 7.1% of UDT negative patients and 10.7% of patients with traces of blood. The urinalysis was negative in 5.1% of patients, adding only 2% to the diagnostic accuracy of UDT. Therefore, our findings suggest that the sensitivity of a UDT for hematuria in cases of suspected renal colic has a high degree of accuracy when performed at the emergency department, and can be used as a first-line, low cost examination. A microscopic analysis may be useful when the UDT is negative or not clear enough, to verify the results.
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PMID:The presence of microscopic hematuria detected by urine dipstick test in the evaluation of patients with renal colic. 1504 79


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