Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016053 (fibromyalgia)
 4,687 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within the past few years, there has been a significant change in identifying and characterizing the FMR1 premutation associated phenotypes. The premutation has been associated with elevated FMR1 mRNA levels and slight to moderate reductions in FMRP levels. Furthermore, it has been established that approximately 20% of female premutation carriers present primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and that fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) occurs in one-third of all male premutation carriers older than 50 years. Besides POI and FXTAS, new disorders have recently been described among individuals (especially females) with the FMR1 premutation. Those pathologies include thyroid disease, hypertension, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. However there are few reports related to FXTAS penetrance among female premutation carriers or regarding these disorders recently associated to the FMR1 premutation. Therefore, we have evaluated 398 fragile X syndrome (FXS) families in an attempt to provide an estimation of the premutation associated phenotypes penetrance. Our results show that signs of FXTAS are detected in 16.5% of female premutation carriers and in 45.5% of premutated males older than 50 years. Furthermore, among females with the FMR1 premutation, penetrance of POI, thyroid disease and chronic muscle pain is 18.6, 15.9 and 24.4%, respectively. The knowledge of this data might be useful for accurate genetic counselling as well as for a better characterization of the clinical phenotypes of FMR1 premutation carriers.
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PMID:Penetrance of FMR1 premutation associated pathologies in fragile X syndrome families. 1936 23

Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) premutation carriers, who are at risk of having children with fragile X Syndrome, were initially considered as clinically unaffected. However, recent clinical and molecular studies have shifted this point of view. The incidence of premutation in the general population is substantial. Apart from the well-documented fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia and fragile X premature ovarian insufficiency, there is a broad constellation of symptoms including depression, anxiety, muscle pain, autoimmune and thyroid disease, chronic fatigue, and fibromyalgia that has been described, particularly in females with the premutation (55-200 repeats). Fibromyalgia (FM) is the most common cause of widespread pain and comprises a heterogeneous group of patients, affecting 2-3 % of the general population. We analyzed the FMR1 gene in a cohort of females diagnosed with fibromyalgia in order to assess the incidence of premutated alleles. CGG repeat size was determined in 353 females suffering from FM and results were compared with a control group. Four premutated carriers in the FM group were detected. The observed incidence is higher than that described for a normal female population (1/88 vs 1/250). The early detection of premutation carriers for the FMR1 gene among individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia is important and would be helpful in correct genetic counseling of patients and their families, who may be at risk of having children with fragile X syndrome, the most common known cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism. Our data should be cautiously interpreted based on just this study; nevertheless, screening for the FMR1 gene in FM patients at least with presentations suggestive of FMR1 gene-related disease seems recommendable.
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PMID:Screening for the presence of FMR1 premutation alleles in a Spanish population with fibromyalgia. 2290

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and the leading form of the monogenic cause of autism. Fragile X mental retardation type 1 (FMR1) gene premutation is the first single-gene cause of primary ovarian failure (Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency [FXPOI]) and one of the most common causes of ataxia (fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome [FXTAS]), multiple additional phenotypes such as fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, migraine headaches, sleep disturbances, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, central pain syndrome, neuropathy and neuropsychiatric alterations has been described. Clinical involvement in men and women carrying the FMR1 premutation currently constitutes a real health problem in the society that should be taken into account. It is important to highlight that while in FXS there is a loss-of-function of the FMR1 gene, in premutation associated disorders there is a gain of FMR1 mRNA function. To date, the tremendous progress achieved in the understanding of the pathophysiology of FXS, has led to the development of several targeted therapies aimed at preventing or improving the neurological manifestations of the disease. This review is an update of the diseases associated with the FMR1 gene.
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PMID:Fragile X syndrome: An overview and update of the FMR1 gene. 2861 38

Premutation in the FMR1 gene occur in the general population with an estimated prevalence 1 in 130-260 females and 1 in 250-810 males. Carriers of premutation are at risk of development of spectrum of neurological, psychiatric and immunological disorders in adulthood. Fragile X-associated disease caused by dynamic mutation (expansion of CGG repeats) can be divided into three disorders: FXS - Fragile X syndrome, FXPOI - Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency, FXTAS -Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, which can be present in few generations of one family. Immuno-mediated disorders are more common in premutation carriers as compared to control group, especially hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia. Although FMR1-associated conditions are not curable, timely diagnosis through genetic testing is important as it can lead to implementation of treatment strategies and behavioral interventions considered to improve symptoms. Knowledge of expanded allele status for females helps them to make more informed reproductive decisions.
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PMID:Health problems in females carriers of premutation in the FMR1 gene. 2928 69

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the full mutation (>200 CGG repeats) in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. It is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability (ID) and autism. This review focuses on neuropsychiatric disorders frequently experienced by premutation carriers with 55 to 200 CGG repeats and the pathophysiology involves elevated FMR1 mRNA levels, which is different from the absence or deficiency of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) seen in FXS. Neuropsychiatric disorders are the most common problems associated with the premutation, and they affect approximately 50% of individuals with 55 to 200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Neuropsychiatric disorders in children with the premutation include anxiety, ADHD, social deficits, or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In adults with the premutation, anxiety and depression are the most common problems, although obsessive compulsive disorder, ADHD, and substance abuse are also common. These problems are often exacerbated by chronic fatigue, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, autoimmune disorders and sleep problems, which are also associated with the premutation. Here we review the clinical studies, neuropathology and molecular underpinnings of RNA toxicity associated with the premutation. We also propose the name Fragile X-associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND) in an effort to promote research and the use of fragile X DNA testing to enhance recognition and treatment for these disorders.
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PMID:Fragile X-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND). 3048 60