Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. The fatty acyl chain composition of phospholipids determines the biophysical properties of membranes and thereby affects their impact on biological processes. The composition of fatty acyl chains is also actively regulated through a deacylation and reacylation pathway called Lands' cycle. Recent studies of mouse genetic models have demonstrated that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), which catalyze the incorporation of fatty acyl chains into the sn-2 site of phosphatidylcholine, play important roles in pathophysiology. Two LPCAT family members, LPCAT1 and LPCAT3, have been particularly well studied. LPCAT1 is crucial for proper lung function due to its role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. LPCAT3 maintains systemic lipid homeostasis by regulating lipid absorption in intestine, lipoprotein secretion, and de novo lipogenesis in liver. Mounting evidence also suggests that changes in LPCAT activity may be potentially involved in pathological conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, viral infections, and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of LPCAT activity and membrane phospholipid composition may provide new therapeutic options for these conditions.
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PMID:Phospholipid Remodeling in Physiology and Disease. 3037 16

Liver X receptors (LXRs) play a pivotal role in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. So far, the lipogenic consequences of in vivo LXR activation, as characterized by a major hepatic steatosis, has constituted a limitation to the clinical development of pharmacological LXR agonists. However, recent studies provided a different perspective. Beyond the quantitative accumulation of FA, it appears that LXRs induce qualitative changes in the FA profile and in the distribution of FAs among cellular lipid species. Thus, LXRs activate the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their distribution into phospholipids via the control of FA desaturases, FA elongases, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT3), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). Therefore, LXRs control, in a dynamic manner, the PUFA composition and the physicochemical properties of cell membranes as well as the release of PUFA-derived lipid mediators. Recent studies suggest that modulation of PUFA and phospholipid metabolism by LXRs are involved in the control of lipogenesis and lipoprotein secretion by the liver. In myeloid cells, the interplay between LXR and PUFA metabolism affects the inflammatory response. Revisiting the complex role of LXRs in FA metabolism may open new opportunities for the development of LXR modulators in the field of cardiometabolic diseases.
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PMID:Revisiting the Role of LXRs in PUFA Metabolism and Phospholipid Homeostasis. 3138