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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An unresolved controversy is whether exposure to organic solvents in the workplace causes hepatotoxicity. From a medical surveillance study of 289 printing factory employees who were exposed primarily to toluene, we identified eight workers who had persistently abnormal serum transaminase and/or alkaline phosphatase values. The eight men were generally healthy and gave no history of taking medications or of drinking ethanol to excess. None was obese or diabetic. Six patients had hepatomegaly based on physical examination. All eight had mild elevations (less than 2 to 3 times the upper value of normal) of serum transaminases [alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)]. However, there was a marked increase in the ratio of ALT/AST (mean = 1.61). In each case, liver biopsy revealed mild, pericentral fatty change. Our results, consistent with those previously published by some others, suggest that pericentral fatty liver with mild "reactive hepatitis" is the most likely diagnosis in workers exposed to solvents for whom common causes of mild liver test abnormalities have been excluded. An increased ALT/AST ratio may represent a convenient, previously unrecognized indicator of this condition.
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PMID:Liver structure and function in print workers exposed to toluene. 261 34

There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower. While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH, which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.
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PMID:Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows. 339 48

We evaluated the change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2) to serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.; ALT/AST) ratio with the degree of fatty liver in morbidly obese patients. A total of 31 patients were included in the study. Fatty liver was graded as 0 to 4+. The mean and SD of AST and ALT were not significantly different between groups of patients with various grades of fatty liver. There was, however, a significant correlation between the ALT/AST ratio and the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver. This, we believe, implies damage mainly to the plasma membrane allowing loss of cytoplasmic enzymes rather than loss of mitochondrial enzymes.
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PMID:Serum alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio and degree of fatty liver in morbidly obese patients. 356 88

The overall rate of inactive ovaries diagnosed by two consecutive rectal examinations was 8.5 per cent for 7751 lactations. Inactive ovaries had an inverse association with increasing parity and were directly associated with twinning, retained placenta, primary metritis and high milk yield after calving in heifers. No independent associations were established with stillbirth, a low milk yield in the last 120 days before calving, a long dry period, ketonuria or a high serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity in the first week after calving. The presence of inactive ovaries in the previous lactation was a significant predictor of the trait. Cows with either metritis or inactive ovaries were at a greater independent risk of not conceiving within 150 days after calving and the combined risk associated with both factors was higher than their sum. It is concluded that while damage to the uterus repeatability and an energy shortage after calving are responsible for ovarian inactivity, this trait was not associated with fatty liver. Such an association could be due to an indirect causal relationship, the outcome of post parturient uterine diseases which are associated independently with overfeeding before calving and inactive ovaries.
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PMID:Inactive ovaries in high-yielding dairy cows before service: aetiology and effect on conception. 366 May 46

Protection against the toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption was observed in male guinea pigs maintained on a high-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow plus 2.0 mg ascorbic acid/ml drinking water) as compared to animals on a low-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow and from 0.025 to 0.050 mg ascorbic acid/ml drinking water). Alcohol was orally administered to the guinea pigs at a dose of 2.5 g/kg for up to 14 weeks. Levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase were significantly elevated in animals on the low-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol, 120 and 250%, respectively. In contrast, in animals on the high-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol, levels of alanine aminotransferase were not significantly elevated and levels of aspartate aminotransferase were elevated 50%. In addition, some of the animals on the low-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol for 12 to 14 weeks developed hepatic steatosis and necrosis, whereas none of the animals on the high-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol for the same length of time manifested these changes.
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PMID:Ascorbic acid chronic alcohol consumption in the guinea pig. 371 80

Excessive fat accumulation in the liver is a common metabolic disorder seen in humans and animals. Fatty liver was induced in the rat by feeding the animals with a sucrose rich diet containing 1% orotic acid for 2-3 weeks. In the sera from fatty liver rats there were significant changes in the level of alanine aminotransferase (+ 68.7%), malic dehydrogenase (+ 77.8%), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (- 53.4%) and total lipids (+ 26.6%). There were small to no changes in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, aldolase, malic enzyme, 6-phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin. In fatty liver, significant differences were seen in the levels of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (+ 235%), malic enzyme (+ 170%), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (+ 113%), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (+ 63%), aspartate aminotransferase (+ 35.6%), malic dehydrogenase (+ 38%), lactic dehydrogenase (+ 37%), and alanine aminotransferase (- 23%). Comparison of the non-fatty part with the fatty part of the fatty liver showed larger changes in the non-fatty part of the liver, suggesting that during the fattening process, there is an induction of enzymes in the liver reaching a peak prior to lipid accumulation, declining thereafter during liver fattening. The increase in NADPH-generating lipogenic enzymes suggests that accumulated fat in the liver is at least partially from de-novo increased synthesis in the liver.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in liver and blood during liver fattening in rats. 377 7

Rapeseed meal hepatosis was produced by feeding high and low glucosinolate meals as a source of protein (about 200 g kg-1 diet) but could not be distinguished histologically from fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome which occurred in birds on the control diet. Both types of meal increased haemorrhage, reticulolysis and lymphoproliferation in the liver, reduced the packed cell volume and caused thyroid enlargement. Haemorrhages emanated from ruptured intrahepatic portal veins, capillaries and sinusoids and were associated with degenerative changes in vessel walls. Haemorrhage and reticulin scores were correlated. Parenchymal necrosis occurred only around large haematomas and caused increased aspartate transaminase activity in the plasma. Both meals also caused hyperglycaemia and reduced the plasma triglyceride content. Only the high glucosinolate meal decreased egg production, caused liver enlargement and reduced the plasma urate level. The addition of myrosinase enhanced its effects on egg production and packed cell volume but did not increase its hepatotoxicity.
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PMID:Rapeseed induced liver haemorrhage, reticulolysis and biochemical changes in laying hens: the effects of feeding high and low glucosinolate meals. 646 74

A high energy maize diet produced a higher incidence of fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome than a low energy barley diet when the diets were fed during the summer. The triglyceride content of the liver increased with the liver haemorrhage score and in hens with the highest scores there was evidence of hepatic hyperplasia. They also had high activities of aspartate transaminase and cholinesterase in the plasma and a low activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase. There was no increase in plasma endotoxin levels as the syndrome developed or any significant variation in these levels with the haemorrhage score, the triglyceride content of the liver or plasma enzyme activities. It was concluded that the steatosis does not impair the ability of the liver to inactivate endotoxins of enteric bacteria and that these toxins are not involved in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.
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PMID:Bacterial endotoxins and the pathogenesis of fatty liver--haemorrhagic syndrome in the laying hen. 732 74

Morbid obesity has been associated with hepatic steatosis and occasional cirrhosis. Despite producing weight loss, intestinal bypass procedures formerly performed to correct morbid obesity, often worsened steatosis and fibrosis, and occasionally resulted in hepatic failure. Current surgical procedures of choice for morbid obesity involve gastric bypass with gastrojejunostomy. Ninety-one liver biopsies taken at the time of gastric bypass for morbid obesity (mean body weight 125.8 kg), and 106 biopsies taken from the same patients from 2 to 61 months later (mean body weight 89.4 kg) were studied. Steatosis and perisinusoidal fibrosis were assessed in histologic sections. Serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin levels were measured before most biopsies were taken. Both pre- and post-gastric bypass hepatic steatosis varied directly with body weight (r = .5231, P < .001). Steatosis varied inversely with length of time after gastric bypass (r = .4590, P < .001). Of the original biopsies, 37% had lipid vacuoles in at least 26% of hepatocytes. After gastric bypass, 65 patients had reduced steatosis, 18 patients with no steatosis, and 5 patients with minimal steatosis had no change, and 3 patients had increased steatosis. Pre-gastric bypass biopsies from 13 patients had perisinusoidal fibrosis (PSF) that was marked with bridging in three patients, was moderate in one patient, and slight in nine patients. Following gastric bypass, PSF was eliminated in 10 patients, reduced in one patient, and the same in two patients. One patient developed PSF after gastric bypass. Of the three patients who had undergone previous intestinal bypass procedures, two had slight PSF in the biopsies taken at the time of gastric bypass, and one of these had slight PSF in the follow-up biopsy. Serum biochemical abnormalities tended to be slight. Before gastric bypass, serum albumin was low in 11% of cases, alkaline phosphatase was high in 14% of cases, AST was high in 11% of cases, and total bilirubin was high in 1% of cases. After gastric bypass, there was a small reduction in mean serum albumin from 43 g/L before to 41 g/L afterward (P < .05), and a slight rise in mean total bilirubin from 7.0 mumol/L before to 9.6 mu mol/L afterward (P < .01). Most hepatic fatty change and probably some PSF occurring in morbidly obese persons is reduced or eliminated with weight loss following gastric bypass surgery.
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PMID:Regression of hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese persons after gastric bypass. 761 Nov 76

Ultrasonic and laboratory studies were performed in 816 white-collar workers over 35 years old who received health examination. Prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography was 17.9% in all subjects and was maximum (24.4%) in males 45-49 years of age. Obesity index and body mass index were higher in fatty liver than in normal controls. Serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), cholinesterase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), triglyceride, total cholesterol, uric acid, HbA1c and glucose were significantly higher, and a serum level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in males with fatty liver than in controls with obesity. Prevalence of abnormal laboratory findings in fatty liver was also shown, and prevalence of fatty liver was prominently high in males with severe obesity or with mild elevation of GPT. A major cause of fatty liver was considered as obesity. In conclusion, fatty liver was a common cause of liver dysfunction and was closely related to risk factors for atherosclerosis especially in white-collar workers.
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PMID:[Ultrasonic and laboratory studies on fatty liver in white-collar workers]. 764 60


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