Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, the author intended to examine the validity of the inhaled hydrogen gas clearance method (i-H2) for determination of the hepatic blood flow (HBF), and also to show some applicabilities of the method in experimental animals and patients with liver diseases. Simultaneous determinations of HBF by i-H2 and electromagnetic flowmetry in rabbits revealed an excellent correlation between the values obtained by the two methods. Moreover, HBF in rabbits measured by i-H2 varied in parallel with that by thermocouple flowmetry or laser Doppler velocimetry after administration of norepinephrine, propranolol or glucagon. In carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, HBF measured by i-H2 correlated better with the severity of damage in the sinusoidal structure than the severity of hepatic cell injury or the serum levels of transaminases. HBF as determined by i-H2 was significantly decreased in acute hepatitis (AH), chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and fatty liver. Reduced HBF in AH returned to normal during recovery of the disease. The ratio of HBF in tumor/normal tissue was greater than 1.0 for hepatocellular carcinoma in contrast to the ratio of less than 1.0 for metastatic liver carcinoma. Propranolol caused a decrease in HBF by 31%, and vasopressin by 39% in patients with CIH or LC. In contrast, glucagon induced its increase by 65%, 35% and 17%, respectively, in patients with CIH, AH and LC.
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PMID:[Measurement of hepatic blood flow by the hydrogen gas clearance method. Experimental and clinical observations]. 236 96

The effects of ethanol administration on activity and regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) were studied in hepatocytes isolated from rats fed a liquid, high-fat diet containing 36% of total calories as ethanol or an isocaloric amount of sucrose. Cells were isolated at several time points in the course of a 5-week experimental period. Ethanol consumption markedly decreased CPT-I activity and increased enzyme sensitivity to inhibition by exogenously added malonyl-CoA. Changes in enzyme activity occurred sooner than those in enzyme sensitivity. Fatty acid oxidation to CO2 and ketone bodies was depressed in hepatocytes from ethanol-fed animals during the first part of the treatment. At the end of the 35-day period, there were no longer differences in the rate of ketogenesis between the two groups. At that time, however, the rate of CO2 formation was still impaired in the ethanol-fed animals. Furthermore, addition of ethanol or acetaldehyde to the incubation medium strongly depressed CPT-I activity and rates of fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes from ethanol-treated rats, whereas these effects were much less pronounced in cells from control animals. The response of CPT-I activity to insulin, glucagon, vasopressin, and phorbol ester was blunted in cells derived from ethanol-fed rats. These changes in the regulation of CPT-I activity corresponded with those observed in the rate of fatty acid oxidation. It is concluded that CPT-I may play a role in the generation of the ethanol-induced fatty liver.
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PMID:Effects of ethanol feeding on the activity and regulation of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. 306 12

A 22-year old woman in the 37th week of her third pregnancy (twins) developed acute fatty liver complicated with a haemorrhagic syndrome from disseminated intravascular coagulation. Two normal girls were delivered by caesarean section. Persistent surgical bleeding required hysterectomy and a short stay in an intensive care unit. The disseminated intravascular coagulation subsided within 8 days. Three weeks after delivery a pituitary insufficiency (Sheehan's syndrome) was diagnosed. A second liver biopsy showed that the lesions had regressed. One week after delivery, the patient developed polyuria and polydipsia. The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus was confirmed by the lack of increase of plasma antidiuretic hormone level during an 8-hour water deprivation test. The pathophysiology of these different syndromes is discussed. Disseminated intravascular coagulation might be the link between hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus.
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PMID:[Twin pregnancy with acute hepatic steatosis followed by antehypophyseal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus]. 316 Oct 48

Hepatic fatty change is a common lesion. Two forms are recognized: micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, the former being much less frequent and more serious than the latter. The case of an alcoholic woman under anticonvulsivant therapy and with medications for a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) who presented with rapidly progressive cholestasis and hepatocellular failure is reported. Massive macro- and micro-vesicular hepatic steatosis was diagnosed at autopsy. The authors review the clinico-pathological features associated with this condition, and causal factors possibly implicated in this case are discussed in regard with currently considered pathophysiological mechanisms.
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PMID:Fatal massive liver steatosis--a clinicopathological case report. 926 Mar 33

Gestational diabetes insipidus (GDI) is a rare disorder characterised by polyuria, polydypsia, and excessive thirst usually manifesting in the third trimester of pregnancy. The etiology is thought to depend on excessive vasopressinase activity, a placental enzyme that degrades arginine-vasopressin (AVP), but not 1-deamino-8-D: -arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), which is a synthetic form. This is a transient syndrome and may be associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy and preeclampsia. The use of dDAVP in symptomatic cases has been proven as a safe method for both the mother and the fetus during the pregnancy. We report a case of recurrent gestational diabetes insipidus in successive pregnancies, which responded to dDAVP and subsided after delivery.
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PMID:Transient gestational diabetes insipidus diagnosed in successive pregnancies: review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of delivery. 1730 61