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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Albert (Clin Chem 1982;28:1113-9) has proposed estimation of likelihood ratios by logistic regression analysis. The usual likelihood-ratio approach for estimation of post-test probability of disease from sensitivity and specificity data of a diagnostic test has been extended by Birkett (J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41:491-4) for situations with more than two diagnostic categories. We suggest here a combination of these ideas, demonstrating this by a re-evaluation of previously published data on the validity of neopterin as a tool for differential diagnosis between chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and fatty liver. Analysis of neopterin data in combination with the ratio between serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and of alanine aminotransferase yielded a good discrimination between three mutually exclusive diagnostic categories, namely, fatty liver and chronic persistent and chronic aggressive non-A, non-B hepatitis. The approach is flexibly applicable to situations with different pre-test probabilities. The sum of estimated post-test probabilities deviates slightly from the sum of pre-test probabilities. This deviation is a function of the coefficients obtained in logistic regression, and an analytical expression for the deviation is given. The generalized likelihood-ratio approach appears promising in complex diagnostic situations when multiple diagnostic tests are available.
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PMID:Generalized likelihood ratio concept and logistic regression analysis for multiple diagnostic categories. 249 33

In order to investigate the reason for the elevation of serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) after chronic alcohol consumption, the activity of this enzyme, together with the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in serum (parameters of liver cell damage) and the excretion of D-glucaric acid (D-GA) in urine (parameter of microsomal enzymatic induction) were determined in 72 chronic alcoholics. Of these, 32 had no significant liver disease (1st group) and 40 had an overt liver disease varying from fatty liver to liver cirrhosis (2nd group). The GGT was elevated in only 62% of the patients of the first group, but in 95% of the second group. Of the latter group, patients with cirrhosis had significantly higher GGT mean levels than the patients with fatty liver. On the other hand, increased D-GA excretion was only found in 23% of the group 1 patients and in 44% of the group 2 patients. Moreover, in all patients there was a significant correlation between the values of GGT and aspartate aminotransferase, but not between GGT and D-GA. From these results, the GGT increase in chronic alcoholics, would seem to be better related to cellular damage than to enzymatic induction assessed on the basis of D-GA urinary excretion.
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PMID:Abnormal serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in alcoholics. Clues to its explanation. 256 72

A pilot study to improve unhealthy life habits of thirty middle-aged male clerical workers (45 +/- 3.58 yr.) with mild health disorders such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and fatty liver was carried out. Under prohibition of smoking and alcohol intake, they spent five nights and six days at a hot spring resort, taking part in planned health training programs which included aerobic training, hiking in forests, hot spring baths, cooking practice and lectures about healthy life, controlled by medical, dietary and physical training staffs. To evaluate the short-term effects of these activities, body weight, blood pressure, serum lipid (total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total free fatty acid and phospholipid), blood sugar, uric acid, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were examined early in the morning of the second (before) and the fifth (after) days, and then their impressions of these recreation activities were monitored by questionnaires on the sixth day. By t-tests of all before-and-after data, it was shown that mean values of body weight, systolic blood pressure, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and gamma-GTP were improved, but fasting blood sugar, uric acid and GOT were not improved. In comparison of blood pressure levels, the hypertensive group (n = 9) showed lowering in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, though the normal group (n = 10) had slight elevation. In addition, in the hypercholesterolemic group (n = 11, greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl) mean total cholesterol values decreased, conversely in the hypocholesterolemic group (n = 6, less than 180 mg/dl) they increased. Moreover, the obese group (n = 15, obesity index greater than or equal to 120%) showed greater decreases of body weight, triglyceride and phospholipid than the non-obese group. From questionnaires, it was confirmed that through these recreation activities most participants found mental and spiritual satisfaction, in spite of heavy physical loads. The short-term recreation activities under a stressless environment seemed to maintain the function of homeostasis in the body, but further investigation is needed to examine the relation between the contents of diets and physical activities, and to follow the long-term effects on the participants.
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PMID:[A study on the physical effects of short-time recreation activities at a hot spring resort on unhealthy middle-aged workers]. 281 Aug 61

Persistent abnormalities of liver function tests occur in approximately 15% of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients and are associated with steatosis, steatohepatitis, and, rarely, fibrosis or cirrhosis. Approximately one-third of patients with gut failure on long-term HPN have low total and free plasma carnitine concentrations, and it has been suggested that a deficiency of L-carnitine may be responsible for the steatosis and steatohepatitis in HPN patients. To determine whether administration of L-carnitine is capable of reversing steatosis in HPN patients, 4 adult women on HPN for a mean of 53 mo (range 21-80 mo) were studied before and after 1 mo of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation (1 g/day). All patients had abnormalities in standard liver function tests and low total and free plasma carnitine values. The mean total and free plasma carnitine concentrations and the mean total hepatic carnitine concentration were reduced before supplementation and rose to normal values after treatment (27.4 +/- 2.3 to 35.5 +/- 3.1 nmol/ml, 19.4 +/- 2.8 to 25.7 +/- 2.5 nmol/ml, and 3.5 +/- 0.65 to 6.5 +/- 1.2 nmol/mg of noncollagen protein, respectively). However, there were no significant changes in mean serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels (65 +/- 21 vs. 54 +/- 12 IU and 429 +/- 220 vs. 472 +/- 224 IU, respectively), plasma free fatty acids, plasma triglycerides, hepatic free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations, or the grade of hepatic steatosis on light microscopy. These results suggest that carnitine deficiency is not a major cause of steatosis and steatohepatitis in patients receiving HPN.
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PMID:L-carnitine therapy in home parenteral nutrition patients with abnormal liver tests and low plasma carnitine concentrations. 312 32

An unresolved controversy is whether exposure to organic solvents in the workplace causes hepatotoxicity. From a medical surveillance study of 289 printing factory employees who were exposed primarily to toluene, we identified eight workers who had persistently abnormal serum transaminase and/or alkaline phosphatase values. The eight men were generally healthy and gave no history of taking medications or of drinking ethanol to excess. None was obese or diabetic. Six patients had hepatomegaly based on physical examination. All eight had mild elevations (less than 2 to 3 times the upper value of normal) of serum transaminases [alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)]. However, there was a marked increase in the ratio of ALT/AST (mean = 1.61). In each case, liver biopsy revealed mild, pericentral fatty change. Our results, consistent with those previously published by some others, suggest that pericentral fatty liver with mild "reactive hepatitis" is the most likely diagnosis in workers exposed to solvents for whom common causes of mild liver test abnormalities have been excluded. An increased ALT/AST ratio may represent a convenient, previously unrecognized indicator of this condition.
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PMID:Liver structure and function in print workers exposed to toluene. 261 34

There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower. While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH, which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.
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PMID:Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows. 339 48

We evaluated the change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2) to serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.; ALT/AST) ratio with the degree of fatty liver in morbidly obese patients. A total of 31 patients were included in the study. Fatty liver was graded as 0 to 4+. The mean and SD of AST and ALT were not significantly different between groups of patients with various grades of fatty liver. There was, however, a significant correlation between the ALT/AST ratio and the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver. This, we believe, implies damage mainly to the plasma membrane allowing loss of cytoplasmic enzymes rather than loss of mitochondrial enzymes.
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PMID:Serum alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio and degree of fatty liver in morbidly obese patients. 356 88

The overall rate of inactive ovaries diagnosed by two consecutive rectal examinations was 8.5 per cent for 7751 lactations. Inactive ovaries had an inverse association with increasing parity and were directly associated with twinning, retained placenta, primary metritis and high milk yield after calving in heifers. No independent associations were established with stillbirth, a low milk yield in the last 120 days before calving, a long dry period, ketonuria or a high serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity in the first week after calving. The presence of inactive ovaries in the previous lactation was a significant predictor of the trait. Cows with either metritis or inactive ovaries were at a greater independent risk of not conceiving within 150 days after calving and the combined risk associated with both factors was higher than their sum. It is concluded that while damage to the uterus repeatability and an energy shortage after calving are responsible for ovarian inactivity, this trait was not associated with fatty liver. Such an association could be due to an indirect causal relationship, the outcome of post parturient uterine diseases which are associated independently with overfeeding before calving and inactive ovaries.
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PMID:Inactive ovaries in high-yielding dairy cows before service: aetiology and effect on conception. 366 May 46

Protection against the toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption was observed in male guinea pigs maintained on a high-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow plus 2.0 mg ascorbic acid/ml drinking water) as compared to animals on a low-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow and from 0.025 to 0.050 mg ascorbic acid/ml drinking water). Alcohol was orally administered to the guinea pigs at a dose of 2.5 g/kg for up to 14 weeks. Levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase were significantly elevated in animals on the low-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol, 120 and 250%, respectively. In contrast, in animals on the high-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol, levels of alanine aminotransferase were not significantly elevated and levels of aspartate aminotransferase were elevated 50%. In addition, some of the animals on the low-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol for 12 to 14 weeks developed hepatic steatosis and necrosis, whereas none of the animals on the high-ascorbic-acid diet that received alcohol for the same length of time manifested these changes.
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PMID:Ascorbic acid chronic alcohol consumption in the guinea pig. 371 80

Excessive fat accumulation in the liver is a common metabolic disorder seen in humans and animals. Fatty liver was induced in the rat by feeding the animals with a sucrose rich diet containing 1% orotic acid for 2-3 weeks. In the sera from fatty liver rats there were significant changes in the level of alanine aminotransferase (+ 68.7%), malic dehydrogenase (+ 77.8%), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (- 53.4%) and total lipids (+ 26.6%). There were small to no changes in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, aldolase, malic enzyme, 6-phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin. In fatty liver, significant differences were seen in the levels of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (+ 235%), malic enzyme (+ 170%), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (+ 113%), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (+ 63%), aspartate aminotransferase (+ 35.6%), malic dehydrogenase (+ 38%), lactic dehydrogenase (+ 37%), and alanine aminotransferase (- 23%). Comparison of the non-fatty part with the fatty part of the fatty liver showed larger changes in the non-fatty part of the liver, suggesting that during the fattening process, there is an induction of enzymes in the liver reaching a peak prior to lipid accumulation, declining thereafter during liver fattening. The increase in NADPH-generating lipogenic enzymes suggests that accumulated fat in the liver is at least partially from de-novo increased synthesis in the liver.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in liver and blood during liver fattening in rats. 377 7


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