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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) were used to follow the time course of ethanol-induced fatty liver in a group of 10 rats fed a diet containing 12% alcohol (ethanol) over a 5-week period. The MR data consisted of T1-weighted images, in vivo 1H spectra, and in vivo T1 relaxation measurements. Changes in short TR images as a result of fatty accumulation were noted only as a slight increase in liver intensity relative to surrounding muscle. A poorly correlated (r = 0.54) increase in water T1 with time was observed. No statistically significant changes in lipid T1 were found. MRS derived lipid content was compared with biochemically derived total lipids and histology. MRS determined liver lipids were found to increase linearly with time (r = 0.91). Biochemically derived lipid content also increased with prolonged exposure to ethanol (r = 0.96). The averages of MRS derived lipid content agreed well with the average changes in biochemically determined total lipid concentration. Histologic examination revealed slight to moderate changes in fatty accumulation with significant variation in the group at the end of the study. On an individual basis the MRS and histologic evaluation were highly correlated (r = 0.94).
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PMID:In vivo NMR, biochemical, and histologic evaluation of alcohol-induced fatty liver in rat and a comparison with CCl4 hepatotoxicity. 204 27

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of hepatic impairment on the metabolism of fructose and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in fatty liver models using in vivo 31P-MRS and 19F-MRS and to compare the results. In addition, we compared the results to those of other conventional tests such as laboratory examinations, imaging and pathology. Male SIc:Wistar rats were examined on BEM170/200 (4.7 T, Otsuka Electronics, USA) with 17-mm diameter surface coil. Fatty liver was induced by a choline deficient diet (CD diet) for 2 weeks. 31P-MRS were obtained for 90 min after intravenous (i.v.) injection of 1 g/kg of fructose and 19F-MRS were measured for 100 min after i.v. injection of 100 mg/kg of 5-FU. 1H-MRS and 1H-MRI were also performed. On 31P-MRS, there was no statistical difference in the time course of phosphomonoester (PME), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) between CD diet group and control group. On 19F-MRS, we detected high peak of fluoronucleotide (Fnct) and suppressed peak of alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL) in CD diet group. We showed the metabolism of fructose and 5-FU by 31P-MRS and 19F-MRS, respectively. There was no difference in fructose metabolism but we observed increased fluoronucleotide and decreased a-fluoro-b-alanine in 5-FU metabolism of fatty liver. We speculate that the effects of hepatic impairment in fatty liver may be more severe on 5-FU metabolism and the increased fluoronucleotide may reflect cell proliferation.
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PMID:Effects of hepatic impairment on the metabolism of fructose and 5-fluorouracil, as studied in fatty liver models using in vivo 31P-MRS and 19F-MRS. 1021 84

MRI of the brain and liver using T2 relaxation time measurements and proton spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the brain was performed in four siblings with Wilson's disease (one with clinical disease and three asymptomatic) as well as age- and sex-matched control subjects. The T2 values of the liver were correlated with liver biopsy results. 1H-MRS of the left and right globus pallidus was obtained. The patient with clinical disease was examined three times, and two of three asymptomatic siblings twice. MR images of the brain were abnormal in all four patients. High signal intensity areas in the posterior thalamus, general atrophy and pontine myelinolysis were present in the patient with clinical manifestations. The T2 measurements of these areas confirmed the results of image analysis. Apart from general brain atrophy, the changes in the patient with clinical disease were largely reversible. The T2 values were significantly different from those of the control subjects only in the globus pallidus. The NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios from the 1H-MR spectra of globus pallidus showed no significant difference between patients and control subjects. The mean values of NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr were lower in patients with Wilson's disease than in the control subjects. One of the patients had hepatic steatosis, but the liver T2 values were no different to those of the control subjects. In conclusion, the MRI findings reflect the success of the specific therapy in patients. MRI thus seems to be useful in the follow-up of Wilson's disease.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in Wilson's disease. 1062 40

Frequency-selective chemical shift magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was applied on the calf musculature and the abdomen of a patient with acquired generalized lipoatrophy (AGL; Lawrence syndrome), a very rare syndrome affecting selectively several types of adipose tissue accompanied by alterations in glucose and energy metabolism. In addition, (1)H-MRS was used for assessment of intra- (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipid stores (EMCL) in the skeletal musculature of the calf. Results from the AGL patient were compared with an age-matched group of five healthy volunteers. Fat-selective imaging of the calf revealed a total lack of subcutaneous adipose tissue. No EMCL signal was found in the spectra from the soleus muscle of the AGL patient. IMCL signals were present in the spectra but were clearly lower than in the controls (14% of normal value in the soleus muscle). In abdominal images, subcutaneous fat signal was not detectable, as in the calf, but nearly normal conditions were shown for visceral adipose tissue between abdominal organs. Fat-selective images showed the liver with high signal intensity, indicating hepatic steatosis combined with hepatosplenomegaly. Modern chemical shift-selective MR imaging and localized spectroscopy allow a noninvasive and quantitative assessment of tissue composition in patients with disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Acquired generalized lipoatrophy (AGL): highly selective MR lipid imaging and localized (1)H-MRS. 1093 94

Hepatic fat fraction (HFF) was measured in 28 lean/obese humans by single-voxel proton spectroscopy (MRS), a two-point Dixon (2PD), and a three-point iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) method (3PI). For the lean, obese, and total subject groups, the range of HFF measured by MRS was 0.3-3.5% (1.1 +/- 1.4%), 0.3-41.5% (11.7 +/- 12.1), and 0.3-41.5% (10.1 +/- 11.6%), respectively. For the same groups, the HFF measured by 2PD was -6.3-2.2% (-2.0 +/- 3.7%), -2.4-42.9% (12.9 +/- 13.8%), and -6.3-42.9% (10.5 +/- 13.7%), respectively, and for 3PI they were 7.9-12.8% (10.1 +/- 2.0%), 11.1-49.3% (22.0 +/- 12.2%), and 7.9-49.3% (20.0 +/- 11.8%), respectively. The HFF measured by MRS was highly correlated with those measured by 2PD (r = 0.954, P < 0.001) and 3PI (r = 0.973, P < 0.001). With the MRS data as a reference, the percentages of correct differentiation between normal and fatty liver with the MRI methods ranged from 68-93% for 2PD and 64-89% for 3PI. Our study demonstrates that the apparent HFF measured by the MRI methods can significantly vary depending on the choice of water-fat separation methods and sequences. Such variability may limit the clinical application of the MRI methods, particularly when a diagnosis of early fatty liver needs to be performed. Therefore, protocol-specific establishment of cutoffs for liver fat content may be necessary.
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PMID:Comparative MR study of hepatic fat quantification using single-voxel proton spectroscopy, two-point dixon and three-point IDEAL. 1830 4

In order to investigate the application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and computerized tomography (CT) in the quantitative diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluation of therapeutic effects, 22 patients with NAFLD were selected according to the Chinese Medical Association's (CMA) standard of the NAFLD in comparison with 20 healthy volunteers (as control group). Blood samples for biochemistry were collected. The severity of hepatosteatosis was evaluated by (1)H-MRS scan and CT scan of liver. The intrahepatic content of lipid (IHCL) and CT value ratio of liver to spleen were calculated. The patients in NAFLD group were treated with Ganzhixiao Capsule for 8 weeks. The changes in IHCL and CT value ratio of liver to spleen were observed before and after treatment. In NAFLD group serum ALT, TG, IHCL calculated by (1)HMRS were increased and CT value ratio of liver to spleen decreased significantly as compared with control group. After treatment for 8 weeks serum ALT, TG, IHCL were decreased significantly, while CT value ratio of liver to spleen increased significantly in NAFLD group. It was suggested that IHCL could be measured precisely by (1)HMRS. NAFLD was treated effectively by Ganzhixiao capsule.
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PMID:Application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and computerized tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 1856 27

Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo (1)H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method for the quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions.
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PMID:Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content. 1856 74

An abundance of fat stored within the liver, or steatosis, is the beginning of a broad hepatological spectrum, usually referred to as fatty liver disease (FLD). For studies on FLD, quantitative hepatic fat ultrasonography would be an appealing study modality. Objective of this study was to develop a technique for quantifying hepatic fat content by ultrasonography and validate this using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) as gold standard. Eighteen white volunteers (BMI range 21.0-42.9) were scanned by both ultrasonography and (1)H MRS. Altered ultrasound characteristics, present in the case of FLD, were assessed using a specially developed software program. Various attenuation and textural based indices of FLD were extracted from ultrasound images. Using linear regression analysis, the predictive power of several models (consisting of both attenuation and textural based measures) on log 10-transformed hepatic fat content by (1)H MRS were investigated. The best quantitative model was compared with a qualitative ultrasonography method, as used in clinical care. A model with four ultrasound characteristics could modestly predict the amount of liver fat (adjusted explained variance 43.2%, P = 0.021). Expanding the model to seven ultrasound characteristics increased adjusted explained variance to 60% (P = 0.015), with r = 0.789 (P < 0.001). Comparing this quantitative model with qualitative ultrasonography revealed a significant advantage of the quantitative model in predicting hepatic fat content (P < 0.001). This validation study shows that a combination of computer-assessed ultrasound measures from routine ultrasound images can be used to quantitatively assess hepatic fat content.
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PMID:Ultrasonography to quantify hepatic fat content: validation by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 1946 88

To investigate the impact of mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) synthesis inhibitor, on intra-hepatic triglyceride content (IHTG content), we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 21 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Subjects received a weekly subcutaneous dose of 200 mg mipomersen or placebo for 13 weeks while continuing conventional lipid lowering therapy. The primary endpoint was change in IHTG content from week 0 to week 15 as measured by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Thirteen weeks of mipomersen administration reduced LDL-cholesterol by 22.0 (17.8) % and apoB by 19.9 (17.4) % (both P < 0.01). One of 10 patients (10%) in the mipomersen-treated group developed mild hepatic steatosis at week 15, which was reversible following mipomersen discontinuation. For the group, there was a trend toward an increase in IHTG content [placebo; baseline: 1.2% and week 15: 1.1%; change -0.1 (0.9). Mipomersen; baseline: 1.2% and week 15: 2.1%; change 0.8 (1.7) (P = 0.0513)]. Mipomersen administration for 13 weeks to subjects with FH is associated with a trend toward an increase in IHTG content. Future studies evaluating the effects of long-term use of mipomersen reaching more profound reductions in apoB are required prior to broader use of this compound.
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PMID:Effect of apolipoprotein-B synthesis inhibition on liver triglyceride content in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. 2004 43

Hepatic steatosis is characterized by accumulation of fat in the liver. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis is increasing wordwide due to the close relation between obesity and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The reference standard for determination of hepatic steatosis is liver biopsy with histological assessment. The objections to this are increased risk of complications, patient discomfort and inter-observer variability. Proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) provides information about the chemical constitution of tissues in a spectrum. In this way, 1H-MRS is able to non-invasively measure the amount of fat in the liver. 1H-MRS is precise and reproducible for the assessment of hepatic fat and is useful in all patients for whom an assessment of hepatic steatosis is required, except for those in which MRI is contra-indicated. 1H-MRS is not difficult to learn, but one has to gain some experience with the data-acquisition to obtain good quality MR spectra.
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PMID:[No-invasive determination of liver fat with 1H-MR spectroscopy]. 2141 2


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