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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare clinical syndrome of pregnancy that occurs during the third trimester. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for this condition when a woman has nausea or vomiting during the last trimester. Early diagnosis and prompt delivery improve foetal and maternal prognosis. We report a case of a previously healthy 23-year-old woman who presented an acute fatty liver of pregnancy with intrauterine fetal death. Based on this experience as well as on medical literature, characteristics of this uncommon pathology are discussed.
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PMID:[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a rare pathology of the third trimester]. 1644 27

Focal nodular hyperplasia is an uncommon, benign lesion of the liver most often affecting women of childbearing age. It can present clinically with chronic, intermittent right upper quadrant pain and nausea, with associated liver enzyme abnormalities. The presence of characteristic sonographic and computed tomography imaging findings can help to differentiate this entity from other hepatic masses. This article describes an unusual case of multifocal disease that demonstrates atypical imaging findings in the background of hepatic steatosis.
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PMID:Multiple focal nodular hyperplasia: atypical imaging characteristics in the setting of hepatic steatosis. 1670 Nov 22

Here we report a case of leptospirosis without fever during the late stage of pregnancy in which the initial clinical presentation was more suggestive of a pregnancy-related liver dysfunction rather than an infectious disease. A 32-year-old primipara at 37 week of gestation was hospitalised with a 10-day history of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain without fever. Initial routine blood tests showed hyperbilirubinemia, a moderate increase in transaminase levels, severe coagulopathy and an increased creatinine level. On clinical suspicion of pregnancy-related liver dysfunction such as HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count) or acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), emergency caesarean section was performed and a healthy baby was delivered. Postoperatively, the patient was stable, but 5 days later she developed clouding of consciousness, severe jaundice and respiratory failure. At this time, an infectious disease was considered and leptospirosis was confirmed by serological tests. In conjunction with intensive care management, antibiotic therapy was given; the patient was discharged in good condition and her baby did not develop signs of active leptospirosis. While leptospirosis is rare in pregnancy, this is the first report of acute infection without fever mimicking the clinical pattern of HELLP syndrome or AFLP
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PMID:Unusual presentation of leptospirosis in the late stage of pregnancy. 1763 89

Few clinical diagnoses of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) are established immediately upon admission, while anesthetic interventions are frequently required on an emergent basis. We report a patient with the admitting diagnosis of severe preeclampsia with fetal distress necessitating an emergency cesarean section. An epidural block was instituted before laboratory data were available. Rapid changes of coagulation profiles occurred after delivery. The peripartum anesthetic care of the pregnant woman is presented. AFLP was confirmed by liver needle biopsy 26 days later. Taking our case as an examplification, clinicians must have a high suspicion that AFLP may exist in concurrence with preeclampsia when a parturient presents manifestations of nausea, jaundice, elevated bilirubin, elevated liver enzyme activities, prolonged PT and PTT, or thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:Anesthesia for emergency cesarean section in a parturient with undiagnosed acute fatty liver of pregnancy--a case report. 1825 Dec 43

Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes include gastroparesis, intestinal enteropathy (which can cause diarrhea, constipation, and fecal incontinence), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients with gastroparesis may present with early satiety, nausea, vomiting, bloating, postprandial fullness, or upper abdominal pain. The diagnosis of diabetic gastroparesis is made when other causes are excluded and postprandial gastric stasis is confirmed by gastric emptying scintigraphy. Whenever possible, patients should discontinue medications that exacerbate gastric dysmotility; control blood glucose levels; increase the liquid content of their diet; eat smaller meals more often; discontinue the use of tobacco products; and reduce the intake of insoluble dietary fiber, foods high in fat, and alcohol. Prokinetic agents (e.g., metoclopramide, erythromycin) may be helpful in controlling symptoms of gastroparesis. Treatment of diabetes-related constipation and diarrhea is aimed at supportive measures and symptom control. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is common in persons who are obese and who have diabetes. In persons with diabetes who have elevated hepatic transaminase levels, it is important to search for other causes of liver disease, including hepatitis and hemochromatosis. Gradual weight loss, control of blood glucose levels, and use of medications (e.g., pioglitazone, metformin) may normalize hepatic transaminase levels, but the clinical benefit of aggressively treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is unknown. Controlling blood glucose levels is important for managing most gastrointestinal complications.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes. 1861 80

A 24-year-old female at 34-week gestation, presented with malaise, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and absent foetal movements. A clinical diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy was made. Although early caesarean section was performed, postoperative course was complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) sepsis, and continuing coagulopathy. Supportive management in an intensive care unit resulted in successful outcome.
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PMID:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a case report of an uncommon disease. 1988 Nov 79

We report our experience with three cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Case 1 complained of hydrodipsia 4 days before delivery. Case 2 presented with nausea, vomiting and dizziness 6 days before delivery. Case 3 developed loss of appetite and general fatigue with jaundice 10 days before delivery. They underwent termination of pregnancy after diagnosis was made. Case 3 still developed hepatic encephalopathy, and finally she required liver transplantation. We hypothesise that the interval between the onset of symptoms and termination of pregnancy is an important factor for acuity of the disorder and patient morbidity or mortality.
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PMID:Three cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy: postpartum clinical course depends on interval between onset of symptoms and termination of pregnancy. 2071 81

Liver disorders occurring during pregnancy may be specifically pregnancy-related, or may be due to an intercurrent or chronic liver disease, which may present in anyone, pregnant or not. This review focuses on the liver diseases unique to pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum, which occurs during early pregnancy, may be associated with liver dysfunction. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy typically occurs during the second or third trimester. Pruritus and the associated biological signs of cholestasis improve rapidly after delivery. Mutations in gene encoding biliary transporters, especially ABCB4 encoding the multidrug resistance 3 protein, have been found to be associated with this complex disease. Ursodeoxycholic acid is currently the most effective medical treatment in improving pruritus and liver tests. Pre-eclampsia, which presents in late pregnancy frequently involves the liver, and HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis-Elevated Liver enzymes-Low Platelets) is a life-threatening complication. Prognosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy has been radically transformed by early delivery, and clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for this condition when a woman presents nausea or vomiting, epigastric pain, jaundice, or polyuria-polydipsia during the third trimester. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy has been found to be associated with a defect of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase in the fetus, and mothers and their offspring should undergo DNA testing at least for the main associated genetic mutation (c.1528G>C).
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PMID:Liver diseases unique to pregnancy: a 2010 update. 2131 Jun 83

High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are associated with early morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are hints that a reduction of LDL-C levels beyond currently advocated targets, and the use of drugs that also have Lp(a)-lowering potential, could provide further clinical benefit. Today, LDL apheresis is the only available treatment option to achieve further lowering of apolipoprotein-B (apo-B)-containing lipoproteins, especially Lp(a). Mipomersen is currently being studied in patients with mild to severe hypercholesterolaemia as add-on therapy to other lipid-lowering therapy, as monotherapy in patients who are intolerant of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and who are at high risk for CVD. Patients affected by homozygous or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), which are inherited autosomal co-dominant disorders characterized by a marked elevation of serum LDL-C concentration, remain a clinical challenge, especially when their CVD risk is aggravated by additionally elevated Lp(a) levels. Mipomersen is a 20-mer oligonucleotide [2'-O-(2-methoxy) ethyl-modified oligonucleotide], a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide (AOS), complementary to the coding region for human-specific apo-B-100 messenger RNA (mRNA). Mipomersen inhibits apo-B-100 synthesis and is consequently a new treatment strategy to lower apo-B-containing lipoproteins like LDL-C and Lp(a) in patients at high risk for CVD not on target or intolerant to statins. This article focuses on mipomersen and gives an overview of the current status of mipomersen as a promising treatment option. Recent studies have shown a decrease in LDL-C levels of 22-42.2% and in Lp(a) of 19.6-31.1% from baseline, depending on study design. Dose-dependent reductions of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglyceride levels have also been observed. Although the short-term efficacy and safety of mipomersen have been proven, side effects like injection-site reactions (up to 90-100%), increased liver enzymes, cephalgias, nasopharyngitis, myalgia, nausea and fatigue must be mentioned and critically discussed. Furthermore, we need more data on the long-term side effects, especially regarding the long-term potential for hepatic steatosis. Data on cardiovascular outcomes with mipomersen are also not yet available.
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PMID:Therapeutic potential of mipomersen in the management of familial hypercholesterolaemia. 2279 43

Preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low-platelet count), and acute fatty liver of pregnancy are the main causes of thrombotic microangiopathy and evere liver dysfunction during pregnancy and represent different manifestations of the same pathological continuum. The case of a 35-week pregnant woman who was admitted to an intensive care unit immediately after a Cesarean section due to fetal death and the presence of nausea, vomiting, and jaundice is reported. Postpartum preeclampsia and acute fatty liver of pregnancy were diagnosed. The patient developed an acute subdural hematoma and an intracerebral hemorrhage, which were subjected to neurosurgical treatment. The patient died from refractory hemolytic anemia and spontaneous bleeding of multiple organs. Preeclampsia HELLP syndrome, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy might overlap and be associated with potentially fatal complications, including intracranial hemorrhage, as in the present case. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial to ensure management and treatment success.
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PMID:Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma and intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with thrombotic microangiopathy during pregnancy. 2391 84


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