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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A biliopancreatic bypass operation has been used to treat obese patients since June 1978, and 10 women have been followed-up for over a year. Biliopancreatic shunts reduce food absorption by eliminating enzymatic and biliary secretion activity in the intestinal lumen. Bodyweight loss was satisfactory, was proportional to excess weight, and was evaluated as being a mean of 33.1 kg. The constant and sometimes dramatic diarrhea provoked by conventional jejuno-ileal bypass operations was not observed. Hepatic steatosis, frequently present to varying degrees, was never made worse : in one case it even disappeared completely, while in another case biological tests conducted one year after operation showed considerable regression. Neither severe complications nor mortality were reported in this series.
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PMID:[Treatment of pathological obesity biliopancreatic bypass operations: one-year follow-up of 10 cases (author's transl)]. 679 12

The authors report the case of a 32-year old woman admitted for hepatomegaly, weight loss, and moderate diarrhea. Liver function tests showed anicteric cholestasis with slight increase in serum level of transaminases. Liver biopsy demonstrated massive steatosis. Biological and radiological investigations of the small intestine showed a malabsorption pattern. Stool fat excretion was 54 g per day. Duodenal biopsies disclosed total villous atrophy. A ten-day treatment with metronidazole (1,5 g per day), followed by a gluten-free diet, resulted in rapid improvement of hepatic and intestinal symptoms. This case report shows that: 1) adult celiac disease may be the cause of severe steatosis; 2) anicteric cholestasis with or without hepatomegaly during the course of adult celiac disease may be secondary to steatosis, as well as primary biliary cirrhosis or malignant infiltration of the liver; 3) bacterial overgrowth should be searched and eventually treated in the case of massive fatty liver occurring in adult celiac disease.
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PMID:[Massive hepatic steatosis disclosing adult celiac disease. Study of a case and review of the literature]. 685 13

Diarrhea and unexpected death were encountered in a group of young Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) used for hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis research. The animals were fed an atherogenic diet containing 18% saturated fat and 0.366% cholesterol. Mortality began 45 days after hamsters were placed on this atherogenic diet. The atherogenic studies were aborted at 74 days because of high mortality. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile was isolated from animals found dead or euthanatized because of illness. Signs observed were unexpected death and acute liquid diarrhea. Characteristic pathologic changes were necrosis and hemorrhage of the intestinal mucosa with acute inflammation. Hepatic lipidosis was a consistent finding presumed to be associated with the consumption of the atherogenic diet. The study was repeated by placing 23 hamsters on the atherogenic diet and 10 hamsters on the control diet. In animals fed the atherogenic diet, the average time to mortality differed between studies, but clinical signs, gross and histologic lesions, culture findings, and toxin results in both atherogenic diet groups were similar. C. difficile was not isolated from the feeds. No antibiotics were found in the atherogenic diet. The results from these studies suggest that hamsters fed an atherogenic diet have increased susceptibility to disease caused by C. difficile as compared with hamsters fed a normal fat and cholesterol diet.
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PMID:Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters fed an atherogenic diet. 760 93

We report a case of cystic fibrosis diagnosed in a 27-year-old man complaining of diarrhoea which was present for 2 years. The diagnosis was suspected upon the association of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, massive hepatic steatosis, pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph, and moderate alterations of pulmonary function tests. It was confirmed by positive sweat tests. Study of the cystic fibrosis gene demonstrated a compound heterozygosity for delta F508 deletion and for mutation W1282X. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after the age of 25 is a rare event and the 25 hitherto published case reports are analysed after obtention of more detailed information for the authors. The existence of cases of late diagnosis might be explained by genetic heterogeneity.
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PMID:[Mucoviscidosis discovered after the age of 25 years. Review and follow-up of cases of the literature]. 792 32

Gastroparesis, constipation, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence occur frequently in diabetics with long-standing and often poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes. These motor abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract tend to be associated in these patients with evidence of autonomic neuropathy and other diabetes-related complications such as peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The management of these derangements of motility is generally frustrating and very difficult. The prokinetic agents currently available have fewer side effects than previously used drugs, and have expanded the treatment options for diabetics with motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The treatment of diabetic diarrhea remains aimed at the symptom because the cause is often unknown. The diagnosis of diabetic diarrhea depends on a careful and judicious assessment, which allows for the distinction of this condition from other causes of diarrhea. For example, celiac disease can occur in insulin-dependent diabetics, but it is specifically treated by the elimination of gluten from the diet. In recent years, we have also gained a better understanding of the liver and biliary tree abnormalities that occur in the diabetic. The most common hepatobiliary lesions found in these patients include excessive glycogen deposition, fatty liver, and gallstones. Cirrhosis of the liver can develop in diabetics as a result of progressive fatty steatosis, pericentral hepatic fibrosis, and, at times, central hyaline sclerosis. Future study of the underlying pathogenesis of diabetes may one day allow us to find common threads in the seemingly disparate gastrointestinal and hepatic complications of this disease.
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PMID:The intestinal and liver complications of diabetes mellitus. 843 40

Fluid therapy is practical and beneficial when properly administered to cattle. Mature cattle are more frequently alkalotic than acidotic, so nonalkalizing solutions are usually indicated. Exceptions include cattle with choke, carbohydrate engorgement, diabetes mellitus, and occasionally, renal disease, diarrhea, and fatty liver/ketosis. Many dehydrated cattle need supplemental potassium and calcium as well as sodium, chloride, and water. Intravenous administration is indicated in patients with obstructive gastrointestinal disease and those with severe dehydration. Oral or intraruminal administration is less expensive and, often, very effective.
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PMID:Fluid therapy in mature cattle. 1057 11

IL-18 is a new type of inflammatory cytokine similar to but distinct from IL-12 and IL-1beta. One intriguing property of IL-18 is synergism with IL-12 in many respects. In this study we examined the in vivo synergistic effects of IL-18/IL-12 in mice and found lethal toxicity accompanying an elevated IFN-gamma level in the serum. Since treatment with IL-18 alone did not have any apparent toxicity, and treatment with IL-12 alone showed only limited toxicity in our system, the synergy between the two cytokines was all the more remarkable. The major symptoms of the toxicity were weight loss, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, splenomegaly, fatty liver, and atrophic thymus, most of which are similarly found in endotoxin-induced septic shock. However, in contrast to septic shock, TNF-alpha was not induced. The involvement of IFN-gamma in the toxicity was further studied in detail. Treatment of athymic nude mice with anti-asialo-GM1 did not reduce the toxicity, whereas anti-IFN-gamma treatment of wild-type mice alleviated it. When IFN-gamma-deficient mice were treated with IL-18/IL-12, the majority of them showed mortality and toxicity with severe pulmonary edema. These results indicate that IL-18/IL-12 treatment induces severe adverse effects through not only IFN-gamma-dependent mechanisms but also IFN-gamma-independent processes.
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PMID:IFN-gamma-dependent and -independent mechanisms in adverse effects caused by concomitant administration of IL-18 and IL-12. 1070 27

Anti-retroviral therapy has still many difficulties for the continuous viral suppression, although it has markedly improved the prognosis of the patients with HIV/AIDS. It is essential that anti-retroviral therapy requires strict adherence of the patients. More than 95% of adherence to have medicine is required for the success of the therapy. Severe and frequent adverse reactions, many pill burden, food restriction and patients' poor recognition to the therapy influence adherence. Of those, adverse reaction of the drugs is the strongest factor for disturbing adherence. Digestive tract symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and/or diarrhea are common and affect to reduce adherence. Recently, lactic acidosis/hepatic steatosis and lipodystrophy syndrome have been recognized as novel and important adverse reactions with anti-retroviral medicines. Physicians should be aware of the importance of adherence, and assist the patients to improve it with multiple approaches.
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PMID:[Challenges of the anti-retroviral therapy]. 1196 83

The case of a French child, born of consanguineous parents of Tunisian origin, is described. He showed a severe multisystem disease with dyserythropoietic, sideroblastic anaemia, delayed neurological development with hypotonia and convulsions, salt-losing nephropathy, chronic watery diarrhoea, lactic acidosis with mitochondrial dysfunction, brittle hair, hypergammaglobulinaemia, fatty liver with intermittent transaminasaemia, and terminal pulmonary fibrosis. Two siblings, of both sexes, were stillborn; two more lived only a short time. One sister is alive and well. SDS gel analysis of the red cell membranes showed a deficiency within 'Band 7' at 32 kDa. Analysis of the gene encoding 'stomatin', or 'erythrocyte membrane protein 7.2b', the principal protein of 'Band 7', revealed a complex series of aberrant spliceforms centred around exon 3, for which no explanatory genomic lesion could be found. The true underlying molecular cause of this condition remains obscure, but it suggests that the stomatin gene should be studied in other cases.
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PMID:A family showing recessively inherited multisystem pathology with aberrant splicing of the erythrocyte Band 7.2b ('stomatin') gene. 1497 Jul 44

This review highlights areas of clinical research in gastroenterology and hepatology that were published during the last year and were summarized during the most recent American Gastroenterological Association Plenary Session. The topics include a comparison of the risk of recurrent bleeding in patients taking clopidogrel versus aspirin plus a proton pump inhibitor, the introduction of rifaximin for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea, and the results of an oral vaccine for cholera tested in a high endemic area where there is also a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. In inflammatory bowel disease, the impact of a biomarker of inflammation, C-reactive protein, to the response to a new biologic therapy is identified as potentially important because it might facilitate the selection of patients for these treatments. Results of device, endoscopic, and surgical treatment of obesity are reviewed, including the evidence of significant impact of surgery-induced weight loss on comorbid diseases. In the field of cancer, colonoscopic screening results in more polyps detected, down-staging of cancers identified, and improved cancer survival. A new familial syndrome associated with a serrated adenoma/carcinoma phenotype and variability in microsatellite instability is described. A controlled study demonstrates that a urine-derived substance, ulinastatin, reduces the risk of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Hepatic stellate cells are involved in the fibrogenesis associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These areas of clinical research demonstrate the breadth of significant advances that will impact on the clinical practice of gastroenterology and hepatology.
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PMID:GIH clinical research update: 2004-2005. 1636 Oct 39


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