Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Focal sparing in diffusely fatty liver is a well recognized entity. However, it occasionally creates some problems in the diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions. We recently experienced a case of liver metastasis from colon cancer which appeared as a wedge-shaped hyperdense area on non-enhanced CT (computed tomography). Other imaging techniques also demonstrated a wedge-shaped area which was difficult to distinguish from mere focal sparing in the fatty liver. CT arteriography and dynamic magnetic resonance images were useful for diagnosing this metastatic tumor. CT during arterial portography showed a wedge-shaped ischemic area in the anterior segment caused by intrahepatic portal vein blockade. The histological findings eventually revealed that the tumor, an adenocarcinoma, was surrounded by fibrotic tissue that mimicked focal sparing. We present the radiological features of this case and discuss how to arrive at a correct diagnosis.
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PMID:A case of liver metastasis from colon cancer masquerading as focal sparing in a fatty liver. 925 76

The frequency and severity of fatty infiltration of the liver in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid has not been documented systematically. Its development can result in difficulty assessing disease progression, and treatment may be altered inappropriately. Twenty-seven patients with colon cancer and liver metastases receiving 5-FU and folinic acid were studied with computerized tomography (CT) before treatment and after six or 12 cycles of chemotherapy. Forty-seven per cent of patients developed hepatic steatosis during treatment. There was no correlation between development of hepatic steatosis and the dose of chemotherapy or the liver function tests. Hepatic steatosis occurs commonly in patients receiving 5-FU and folinic acid and can be severe. Its development can make hepatic metastases difficult to assess and if its benign nature is not appreciated treatment may be inappropriately altered.
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PMID:Demonstration of hepatic steatosis by computerized tomography in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil-based therapy for advanced colorectal cancer. 966 83

Obesity is the most prevalent and serious nutritional disease among western countries and is rapidly replacing undernutrition as the most common form of malnutrition in the world. Approximately 300,000 deaths a year are currently associated with overweight and obesity, second only to cigarette smoking as a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Obesity effects 9 organ systems and is a risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cholelithiasis, and colon cancer. Evidence-based guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity have recently been developed by the National Institutes of Health to help practitioners effectively manage their patients. The body mass index is used to classify weight status and risk of disease. Treatment for obesity includes lifestyle management, consisting of diet therapy, physical activity, and behavioral modification, and may include pharmacotherapy or surgery based on level of risk. Currently only 2 medications, sibutramine and orlistat, are approved for long-term use. An initial weight loss of 10% of body weight achieved over 6 months is a recommended target. This article reviews the evaluation and management of the adult obese patient.
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PMID:Medical management of obesity. 1223 Mar 15

We report a case of focal spared area of segment VIII in fatty liver. The patient was a 73-year-old man. Abdominal ultrasonography showed focal hypo-echogenicity with an irregular margin in segment VIII. Abdominal computed tomography and enhanced computed tomography showed a high-density mass in segment VIII of the right lobe. MRI examination revealed that the mass in S8 was high-intense on the T1 out of phase image and iso-intense on the T1 in phase image. The lesion was not observed on T2 weight images. He had a sigmoid colon cancer and was performed a sigmoidectomy and partial resection of the liver. A microscopic examination of the liver specimen revealed normal hepatic parenchymal cells, while the surrounding liver had a fat deposition.
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PMID:[A case of focal spared area of segment VIII in the liver]. 1825 May 97

This is part 2 of a two-part review of inulin-type prebiotics. This article discusses the clinical research on inulin-type prebiotics, including effects on infant nutrition, gastrointestinal health, colon cancer prevention, blood sugar and lipid metabolism, bone mineralization, fatty liver disease, obesity, and immunity. Gastrointestinal side effects and dosage recommendations are also considered.
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PMID:Inulin-type prebiotics: a review. (Part 2). 1936 92

This review evaluates the current understanding of the benefits and risks of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal system. A significant portion of endurance athletes are affected by gastrointestinal symptoms, but most symptoms are transient and do not have long-term consequences. Conversely, physical activity may have a protective effect on the gastrointestinal system. There is convincing evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer. The evidence is less convincing for gastric and pancreatic cancers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cholelithiasis, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and constipation. Physical activity may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammatory bowel disease, although this has not been proven unequivocally. This article provides a critical review of the evidence-based literature concerning exercise and physical activity effects on the gastrointestinal system and provides physicians with a better understanding of the evidence behind exercise prescriptions for patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Well-designed prospective randomized trials evaluating the risks and benefits of exercise and physical activity on gastrointestinal disorders are recommended for future research.
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PMID:Physical activity benefits and risks on the gastrointestinal system. 2208 64

Present in the digestive system, sphingolipids are responsible for multiple important physiological and pathological processes. On the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells sphingolipids contribute to structural integrity, regulate absorption of nutrients and may act as receptors for some microorganisms and their toxins. Moreover, bioactive lipid messengers such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate influence cellular growth, differentiation and programmed cell death, apoptosis. Further studies are needed to fully explore the clinical implications of sphingolipids in neoplastic and inflammatory diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. Pharmacological compounds which regulate metabolism of sphingolipids can be potentially useful in treatment of colon cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this work is to present a critical review of the physiological and pathological role of sphingolipids in the digestive system.
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PMID:[Role of sphingolipids in digestive system]. 2317 43

Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention definitions; historical evidence showing physical inactivity is detrimental to health and normal organ functional capacities; cause versus treatment; physical activity and inactivity mechanisms differ; gene-environment interaction (including aerobic training adaptations, personalized medicine, and co-twin physical activity); and specificity of adaptations to type of training. Next, physical activity/exercise is examined as primary prevention against 35 chronic conditions [accelerated biological aging/premature death, low cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, arterial dyslipidemia, hemostasis, deep vein thrombosis, cognitive dysfunction, depression and anxiety, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, balance, bone fracture/falls, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, polycystic ovary syndrome, erectile dysfunction, pain, diverticulitis, constipation, and gallbladder diseases]. The article ends with consideration of deterioration of risk factors in longer-term sedentary groups; clinical consequences of inactive childhood/adolescence; and public policy. In summary, the body rapidly maladapts to insufficient physical activity, and if continued, results in substantial decreases in both total and quality years of life. Taken together, conclusive evidence exists that physical inactivity is one important cause of most chronic diseases. In addition, physical activity primarily prevents, or delays, chronic diseases, implying that chronic disease need not be an inevitable outcome during life.
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PMID:Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. 2379 98

As an adaptive response to the overloading with misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER stress plays critical roles in maintaining protein homeostasis in the secretory pathway to avoid damage to the host. Such a conserved mechanism is accomplished through three well-orchestrated pathways known collectively as unfolded protein response (UPR). Persistent and pathological ER stress has been implicated in a variety of diseases in metabolic, inflammatory, and malignant conditions. Furthermore, ER stress is directly linked with inflammation through UPR pathways, which modulate transcriptional programs to induce the expression of inflammatory genes. Importantly, the inflammation induced by ER stress is directly responsible for the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the potential signaling pathways connecting ER stress with inflammation. We will also depict the interplay between ER stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and colitis-associated colon cancer.
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PMID:Endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic steatosis and inflammatory bowel diseases. 2512 May 59

Evidence of an emerging etiologic link between diabetes mellitus and several gastrointestinal malignancies is presented. Although a correlation between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus has long been suspected, the potential role diabetes mellitus plays in the pathogenicity of both hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer is becoming increasingly well defined. Further supporting the prospect of etiologic linkage, the association of diabetes mellitus with colon cancer is consistently demonstrated to be independent of obesity. An increasing incidence of diabetes and obesity in the United States has led to a recent surge in incidence of hepatocellular cancer on the background of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and this disease is expected to commensurately grow in incidence. Widespread recognition of this emerging risk factor may lead to a change in screening practices. Although the mechanisms underlying the correlation are still under investigation, the role of insulin, the insulin-like growth factor-I, and related binding and signaling pathways as regulators of cell growth and cell proliferation are implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. The potential role of metformin and other medications for diabetes mellitus in the chemoprevention, carcinogenesis, and treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies is also presented.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus as a novel risk factor for gastrointestinal malignancies. 2541 39


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