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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

"Cures" embrace by definition a broad spectrum starting from taking waters in health resorts to hospital treatment in modern rehabilitation centers. The effectiveness of traditional cure procedures is discussed. Effectiveness of drinking cures, baths and mud packs in liver disease has not yet been proven. Controlled trials are necessary. Clinical treatment is indicated in alcoholic liver damage, viral hepatitis with a protracted course, chronic aggressive hepatitis and compensated cirrhosis of the liver; such treatment, however, is questionable in fatty liver and in chronic persistent hepatitis. Data concerning the effectiveness of treatment of chronic liver diseases are given. The following conclusions are drawn: patients with liver disease ought to be hospitalized when undergoing cures, indications have to be precised, collaboration of patients has to be stimulated, hospital discipline has to be tight, therapy of alcoholism has to include several psychosocial aspects, treatment after leaving hospital has to be improved.
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PMID:[Is there a therapeutic effect of cures undergone by patients with chronic liver disease? (authors transl)]. 92 80

Investigation of humoral immunity against hepatocellular membrane antigens in patients with chronic active hepatitis and other liver diseases showed two different immunofluorescence patterns of IgG on hepatocyte membranes. A linear pattern was seen in HBsAg-negative hepatitis, but HBsAg-positive cases and some of protracted, acute hepatitis B had a granular pattern. In patients with IgG bound to hepatocytes, continuing necrosis of parenchymal liver cells was seen. Conversely, hepatocytes without bound IgG were found in cases of chronic active hepatitis in remission, acute viral hepatitis without HBsAg and chronic persistent hepatitis, in "healthy" HBsAg-carriers and in patients with fatty liver or alcoholic cirrhosis. A liver-membrane autoantibody in serum, proved by fixation on membranes of isolated rabbit hepatocytes, could be demonstrated only in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis with elevated IgG-concentrations. The results support the existence of different pathogenetic types of chronic active hepatitis, a so-called autoimmune type and a hepatitis virus-B-induced type.
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PMID:Detection of a liver-membrane autoantibody in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis. 110 36

Increased concentrations of neopterin have been found in conditions causing a stimulation of cellular immunity, including various malignancies. In liver diseases, serum or urinary neopterin levels have been studied in acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver and liver cirrhosis. In the present study neopterin serum levels have been measured in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in 32 patients with liver cirrhosis, and in 28 healthy subjects as controls. Mean values of serum neopterin were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in patients with HCC (15.89 +/- 6.34 nmol/l) when compared with those of normal subjects (4.74 +/- 2.13 nmol/l), but no difference was observed between patients with HCC (associated or not with liver cirrhosis) and patients with liver cirrhosis. Neopterin concentrations are not affected by liver cirrhosis aetiology, nor by its clinical severity, and are not correlated to the values of serum alpha-fetoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and gamma-globulin. The results show that there is a consistent overlap of values in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis; macrophage activation seems to be a feature of chronic liver diseases, irrespective of HCC development.
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PMID:Serum neopterin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 128 21

Four cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy occurring over a ten year period are reported. All four patients had a caesarean section and one died postoperatively. The seven children (three twin pregnancies) were all alive. The early clinical signs were unspecific. Jaundice was the only one occurring in all patients. Routine biological tests before the jaundice develops may be of help for a diagnosis early enough to start the treatment in patients with unspecific gastrointestinal or hepatic manifestations, especially the liver function and blood coagulation tests. These latter allow to discord the diagnosis of viral hepatitis and the "Haemolysis-Elevated Liver enzyme concentrations-Low Platelets" (HELLP syndrome) respectively. Indeed, only a liver biopsy can ascertain the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Value of biological tests in the early diagnosis of acute steatosis in pregnancy]. 147 89

Severe liver disease complicates pregnancy in only 0.1% of the cases. Viral hepatitis is the most common cause (40%). (Liver cirrhosis usually results in amenorrhea). Liver disease unique to pregnancy comprises "intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy" (Increased fetal risk), "acute fatty liver of pregnancy" (AFLP) and "HELLP-syndrome", both with high maternal and fetal risk when untreated. AFLP and HELLP-syndrome are diseases of the third trimester and show similar clinical signs of jaundice, coagulopathy and elevated liver enzymes. The immediate termination of pregnancy preferably by Caesarean section has been shown to improve both, maternal and fetal outcome. Imaging methods like ultrasound are invaluable in the differential diagnosis and detection of complications like subcapsular hematoma in the liver patients with HELLP-syndrome. Fulminant hepatic failure requires intensive care, liver transplantation is an additional therapeutic option. Recurrent AFLP has been reported recently.
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PMID:[Acute hepatopathies in pregnancy: diagnosis and therapy]. 152 90

Liver diseases in pregnancy can occur as a complication of gestation or independently. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare disease of unknown etiology specifically associated to gestation. The frequency is increased in the first pregnancy, in the last trimester and in multiple pregnancies. Because of the high maternal and perinatal mortality early diagnosis is necessary for prompt termination of pregnancy. This case report is intended to facilitate the differentiation between acute fatty liver of pregnancy and other liver diseases in pregnancy. The differential diagnoses include preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]. 154 19

We studied the prevalence of anti-HCV in 585 sera from various individuals, using enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Abbott Lab.). Anti-HCV was detected in 16 (10.7%) out of the 150 patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases diagnosed by liver biopsy and they consisted of none out of 10 acute viral hepatitis, 3 out of 15 chronic persistent hepatitis, 4 out of 50 chronic active hepatitis, 2 out of 32 liver cirrhosis, and 7 out of 43 hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in 43 (45.3%) out of 95 patients with HBsAg negative liver diseases diagnosed by liver biopsy and they consisted of 5 out of 8 acute viral hepatitis, 2 out of 10 chronic persistent hepatitis, 17 out of 30 chronic active hepatitis, 4 out of 15 liver cirrhosis, and 15 out of 32 hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in 22 (38.6%) out of 57 hemodialysis patients, in 3 (6.7%) out of 45 kidney transplants, in 2 (11.1%) out of 18 fatty liver diagnosed by liver biopsy, in 2 (1.3%) out of 150 healthy blood donors, in none out of 40 healthy volunteers, in 6 (31.6%) out of 19 rheumatoid arthritis and in 6 (54.5%) out of 11 systemic lupus erythematosis cases. There were familial clusters of chronic liver diseases in 4.7% of patients with HBsAg negative/anti-HCV positive chronic liver diseases, while in 19.4% of patients with HBsAg positive/anti-HCV negative liver diseases. Incidence of anti-HCV within patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases was higher in HBsAg negative patients than in HBsAg positive patients (17.6% and 10.3%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in various groups of individuals in Korea. 190 58

We investigated lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with various liver diseases. Tumor necrosis factor production was found to be significantly reduced in patients with chronic hepatitis B (n = 17; 135 +/- 30 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml; mean +/- S.E.M.) and patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 15; 212 +/- 22 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml) compared with healthy control individuals (n = 47; 411 +/- 40 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml; p less than 0.0005 and p less than 0.01, respectively). This reduced tumor necrosis factor production was not only seen with an optimal stimulating concentration of lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml) but also with suboptimal concentrations (0.1 ng/ml). In contrast to patients with chronic viral hepatitis, monocytes from patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis (n = 26; 444 +/- 49 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 7; 412 +/- 81 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml) and alcohol-induced fatty liver changes (n = 5; 401 +/- 62 pg tumor necrosis factor/ml) produced normal amounts of tumor necrosis factor when stimulated with an optimal concentration of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide (0.1 ng lipopolysaccharide/ml)-stimulated peripheral blood monocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B (n = 15; 102 +/- 32 pg/ml) or non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 13; 97+/- 16 pg/ml) could not be induced to produce more tumor necrosis factor either when prestimulated with gamma-interferon (170 +/- 45 pg/ml and 149 +/- 32 pg/ml, respectively), a lymphokine known to activate monocytes, or with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin to reduce the suppressive effect of prostaglandin E2 (148 +/- 40 pg/ml and 153 +/- 45 pg/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Impaired lipopolysaccharide-inducible tumor necrosis factor production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes of patients with viral hepatitis. 212 37

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a disease of the third trimester which is generally considered to be rare and to have a grave prognosis. This study found an optimistic outlook for patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy due to early termination of the pregnancy as well as the recognition of milder cases. In prospectively followed women, a maternal mortality of 8% and a fetal mortality of 14% were observed. The disorder also appears to be more common than previously suspected and should be considered in all women with liver dysfunction in late pregnancy, even if they are anicteric. Histologically, the characteristic fine droplet steatosis usually produces distinct vacuolization in sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. However, early in the course of the illness, liver cells have a ballooned appearance and the presence of lipid is masked. When accompanied by a significant necroinflammatory reaction, this stage may be difficult to distinguish from acute viral hepatitis. Whenever acute fatty liver of pregnancy is suspected, a small piece of the biopsy should be reserved for special stains to confirm the presence of lipid in frozen sections. Significant loss of hepatic parenchyma is a regular accompaniment of acute fatty liver of pregnancy and is due to hepatocytolysis, acidophilic degeneration and liver cell atrophy. Extramedullary hematopoiesis and giant mitochondria are often present; the latter change is probably an adaptive or degenerative response to an altered metabolic environment. Despite the frequent presence of signs and symptoms of toxemia in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy, no histologic overlap was observed, suggesting that they represent distinct etiologic entities.
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PMID:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. 241 37

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, a disease of the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, may have varied presentations. An unusual initial presentation of acute fatty liver of pregnancy mimicking an acute viral hepatitis is reported herein. Osmium tetroxide preparation of pathological specimen for the diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy is also discussed.
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PMID:The initial presentation of fatty liver of pregnancy mimicking acute viral hepatitis. 243 93


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