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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Susceptibility to liver steatosis was studied in Landes and Poland geese, which are hyper- and hyporesponsive, respectively, to overfeeding. Plasma lipoproteins were characterized at different stages of the overfeeding process, whereas fatty liver composition was determined after completion of overfeeding and slaughtering. Before overfeeding, plasma lipoprotein profile was typical of birds in both breeds, except that very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were low in triglyceride (approximately 30%). Moreover, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was higher in the Poland geese (6.44 vs 4.97 g/L). During overfeeding, hepatic lipogenesis was increased, and fatty liver resulted from accumulation of primarily triglyceride (approximately 95% of lipid content), but also of all other lipids. This accumulation was significantly greater in the Landes geese for all lipids but phospholipid. Thus, the liver weight was 100% higher in this breed (1,005 g vs 485 g), whereas lipid release during sterilization was twofold higher (26.3 vs 7.5%). Parallel, plasma concentration and triglyceride content of hepatic lipoproteins, VLDL and HDL, increased about one- to twofold, this effect being greater in the Poland geese. Therefore, channeling of triglyceride towards secretion rather than in situ storage may be responsible for the hyporesponsiveness of this breed to overfeeding. In both breeds, and especially in the Landes geese, a relative deficiency in phospholipid synthesis together with an enhanced secretion may be limiting factors of hepatocyte hypertrophia and, therefore, of steatosis.
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PMID:Relationships between storage and secretion of hepatic lipids in two breeds of geese with different susceptibility to liver steatosis. 910 88

In response to overfeeding for the production of "foie gras," the Poland goose differs from the Landes goose by a lesser susceptibility to hepatic steatosis, resulting in a lower accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol (TG), together with a greater exportation of hepatic phospholipid (PL) in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) (Fournier et al., 1997). A study was designed 1) to compare the liver composition in overfed and nonoverfed geese of the two breeds of geese and 2) to determine whether the differential channelling of lipids in response to overfeeding is reflected in the PL and fatty acid profiles of the different hepatic lipids, whether stored or secreted. In nonoverfed geese, there were no breed-related differences in liver weight (approximately 90 to 100 g), hepatic lipid content (3 to 4%), and lipid and PL composition. However, plasma VLDL and HDL of the Landes breed contained a higher phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio than those of the Poland breed (20.7 and 33.8 vs 12.6 and 25.6 in VLDL and HDL, respectively). After 14 d of overfeeding, hepatic PL profiles were identical in the two breeds and similar to that in control livers; choline-containing PL accounted for 95% of total PL. In contrast, plasma HDL concentrations of the Landes geese were lower than those of the Poland geese (9.4 vs 12.9 g/L) and their PC:PE (13.6%) and PL-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content (25%) were decreased compared with the Poland geese (21.2 and 30%). It is likely that the higher susceptibility to fatty liver of the Landes breed involves a differential channelling of PL, resulting in a greater hepatic retention of PC and PUFA that are necessary for plasma membrane growth and cell hypertrophy.
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PMID:Differential channelling of liver lipids in relation to susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in the goose. 1053 88

In response to overfeeding, the Landes goose develops a fatty liver that is twice as large as that of the Poland goose, despite similar food intake. The role of hepatic lipogenesis in the genetic susceptibility to fatty liver was assessed in male overfed geese of the two breeds. For a similar hepatic protein content, total activities of malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetyl-Coa-carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, and specific activity and mRNA level of malic enzyme were about two-fold higher in the Landes goose. In the Poland goose, the weight of the fatty liver was correlated positively with the specific activity of ME and the VLDL concentration, which was not the case in the Landes breed. These results show that: (1) hepatic lipogenesis remains very active until the end of the overfeeding period; (2) the pentose-phosphate pathway may function in birds, contrary to what is assumed usually; (3) the level of hepatic lipogenesis is a major factor in the susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in different breeds of geese; and (4) ME activity may be a limiting factor of lipid synthesis in the less susceptible Poland breed.
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PMID:Role of hepatic lipogenesis in the susceptibility to fatty liver in the goose (Anser anser). 1082 67

Biochemical mechanisms which may control fat deposition in liver and/or peripheral tissues have been studied in Poland and Landes geese. Post-prandial plasma substrates and post-heparin lipoprotein-lipase (LPL) activity were measured in 10-week-old animals. At 23 weeks of age, geese were overfed for 14 days then slaughtered. Hepatic steatosis was more important in Landes geese, while muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were less developed. In this breed, fatty liver weight negatively scaled to LPL activity, suggesting that a low LPL activity is a limiting factor of peripheral fat deposition. Consequently, non-catabolized VLDL may return to liver and increase hepatic steatosis. In Poland geese, such a mechanism does not exist. On the other hand, fatty liver weight was positively correlated to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and triacylglycerols measured in overfed Poland geese, suggesting that lipids synthetized by liver are better transferred from liver to extrahepatic tissues. Kinetics of post-prandial plasma glucose, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and uric acid were similar in the two breeds. However, the marked decrease in post-prandial plasma glycerol in Poland geese suggests that an extrahepatic tissue lipolysis inhibition could contribute to the higher peripheral fattening in overfed Poland geese and could be a limiting factor of hepatic steatosis in this breed.
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PMID:Metabolism in two breeds of geese with moderate or large overfeeding induced liver-steatosis. 1090 56

Steatosis of the liver, demonstrating itself as the acute liver failure during the third trimester of pregnancy (Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy--AFLP) is a rarely observed liver pathology. Herewith we describe the case of a 19-years old pregnant patient with this rare disease. The authors present the clinical course, dynamics, diagnostics, and outcome of treatment in this unique case. In this patient the ultimate treatment chosen was the liver transplantation. The opinions, concerning liver transplantation in AFLP (expressed in the world literature) are somewhat controversial. This paper presents the first case of AFLP treatment with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) in Poland.
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PMID:Orthotopic liver transplantation for acute liver failure resulting from "acute fatty liver of pregnancy". 1511 33

There are no published results focusing on the study of hardy kiwifruit as a supplementation to the atherogenic diet. We hypothesized that hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta (A. arguta)) from Poland possess better pro-healthy action than two Asian varieties (Hayward and Bidan). We tested this hypothesis by measuring the metabolic reactions of rats loaded with 1% cholesterol and supplemented with 5% of hardy kiwifruit (A. arguta), Hayward, or Bidan in their diets. The experiment was performed on 71 male Wistar rats. Cholesterol showed a significant impact on the rise of liver somatic index, while lipid profile improved by decreasing the levels of TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, AI, TG, and increasing HDL-C in the serum of rats (P<.05). Total plasma antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays was increased. ALP in rat serum was higher in groups receiving cholesterol diets and kiwifruit. A decrease in fibrinogen as well as prolonged prothrombin time and a reduction of the MPO in serum were estimated. The smallest percentage of lesions in the aortic arch was in the ChGeneva, ChWeiki, and ChAnna. Similarly, the smallest fatty liver disease was recorded in the ChGeneva and ChAnna groups. The distribution of lipids in the liver from these groups had a character of "mosaic," in hardy/mini kiwifruit (Jumbo), Hayward, and Bidan was distributed uniformly. The longest villi were in ChWeiki, and significantly lower in ChHayward and ChBidan. The present results support our hypothesis that A. arguta showed better pro-health impacts in rats loaded with cholesterol than Hayward and Bidan kiwifruit, and, for the first time, the positive nutritional effects of supplemented A. arguta for hypercholesterolemia are noted.
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PMID:Actinidia arguta supplementation protects aorta and liver in rats with induced hypercholesterolemia. 2786 18