Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Childhood obesity has been increasing for the last ten years in Tateyama City. Obesity in boys between the ages of 11 to 13 years was especially prominent. 2. Childhood obesity hardly improved especially in middle and morbid obesity. Eighty-five percent of light obesity in children lead to adult obesity. 3. Complications such as hypertension, serum lipid disorder and fatty liver were also observed in childhood obesity. Considering that Tateyama City is a typical Japanese country city, the above results could be representative of Japanese childhood obesity. Recent increases in childhood obesity might be due to the westernized dietary habit.
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PMID:Incidence of childhood obesity over the last 10 years in Japan. 228 54

We evaluated the effects of phenobarbital, an inducer, on plasma glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin levels and on hepatic glucose and drug metabolism using an animal model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice, characterized by hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, fatty liver and obesity were selected. The impairment of diabetic state with age was associated with increased activities of NADPH producing enzymes, whereas mixed function oxidase system remained unaltered. Phenobarbital reduced serum immunoreactive insulin and plasma glucose levels and decreased gluconeogenesis. Hepatic glucose phosphorylating enzyme activity increased and glucose releasing enzyme activity decreased. The demand for NADPH in drug oxidation reactions, caused by the induction phenomenon, was reflected in the elevated activities of the NADPH producing enzymes in pentose phosphate pathway and in the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme from mitochondrial oxidation reactions. Glucose metabolism of lean littermates indicated that phenobarbital induction normalizes impaired intracellular glucose handling but leaves normal glucose metabolism unaltered. Hepatic glucose production rate was related to plasma glucose, NADPH producing enzyme activities and cytochrome P450 content in the obese and lean mice.
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PMID:Effects of enzyme induction therapy on glucose and drug metabolism in obese mice model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 250 Oct 61

We investigated the condition of the liver in a total of 5486 subjects (3889 males and 1597 females) who received adult-disease screening examinations. The following results were obtained. 1. Fatty liver was found in 13.9% of the males and 3.8% of the females with a male/female ratio of about 3.7 to 1. In males, the prevalence of fatty liver was lower in those in their 20's than in any other age ranks, while there was little difference in the age range from the 30's to the 50's. In females, the prevalence sharply increased in those in their 50's. 2. The percentage of fatty liver increased with the obesity index in both males and females. 3. With respect to alcohol drinking, the prevalence of fatty liver was not affected by the presence or absence of alcohol drinking, the daily drinking quantity and total drinking quantity. 4. Of those screened for adult disease, 14.7% of the males and 2.7% of the females had abnormal liver function, with a male/female ratio of about 5.4 to 1. In both males and females, the prevalence of fatty liver was higher in those who had abnormal rather than normal liver function.
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PMID:[A study on fatty liver in health examination participants]. 264 91

Hepatic steatosis and steatonecrosis occur in nonalcoholic individuals, usually in a setting of obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and after jejunoileal bypass. We propose an hypothesis for the pathogenesis of these hepatic lesions based on an observation in peritoneal dialysis patients. Hepatic histology was examined at autopsy in 11 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and renal failure who had received i.p. insulin in conjunction with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Steatosis in a unique subcapsular distribution occurred in 10 of 11 patients treated with i.p. insulin and in 0 of 9 controls receiving CAPD without insulin. Three of the 11 had steatonecrosis, 2 of whom had Mallory bodies. We suggest that insulin has an important role in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatonecrosis. In CAPD patients the lesions occurred only under the capsule where concentrations of insulin are high secondary to its i.p. administration. In obese patients the lesions occur throughout the liver where insulin concentrations are high because of elevated levels in the portal vein. Free fatty acids (FFA) are oxidized in the liver by a pathway that is blocked by insulin. In the presence of insulin, FFA are preferentially esterified into triglycerides which accumulate in large quantities leading to steatosis; small amounts of FFA escaping local control may lead to membrane injury and steatonecrosis. Steatosis and/or steatonecrosis will occur when there is insulin secretion sufficient to block FFA oxidation but not sufficient to block FFA mobilization from adipose tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Subcapsular steatonecrosis in response to peritoneal insulin delivery: a clue to the pathogenesis of steatonecrosis in obesity. 265 21

Whereas up to the end of the last century overweight reflected the privilege of the high society and her relative good health, the recent epidemiological studies have assessed the relations between body weight and general or cause specific morbidity and mortality. The major diseases associated with obesity are hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes, as well as certain types of cancer. Less well known complications include hepatic steatosis, gallbladder diseases, pulmonary function impairment, endocrine abnormalities, obstetric complications, trauma to the weight bearing joints, gout, cutaneous diseases, proteinuria, increased hemoglobin concentration and possibly immunologic impairments. From these wide epidemiological studies arise the definition of obesity: with an excess of 20% beyond the desirable weight, the complications bound to the overweight become statistically more frequent. Over there a U or J shaped curve illustrates the relation between the overweight and the degree of these various complications. An excess of 45 kg or more represents the critical level which defined "morbid obesity" with its own complications, the most important are sudden unexplained death, ventilatory disorders, circulatory congestion and functional limitations in activities of daily living and of course psychological consequences. When for certain complications, such as diabetes, the relationship with the overweight is evident, discrepancies between certain studies, especially for the cardiovascular diseases, had focused the attention on the regional patterns of fat distribution. Cross-sectional studies have shown abdominal obesity to be strongly associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, stroke and death independent of the total degree of obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The contribution of epidemiology to the definition of obesity and its risk factors]. 266 68

To elucidate if the presence of fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) influences pancreatic A-cell function in obesity, basal and arginine-stimulated glucagon (IRG) secretions were studied in 7 normal subjects and in 28 moderately obese patients (OB) with normal glucose tolerance. The patients were divided into 4 groups, based on the presence of fatty liver and/or HTG. BMI was similar in all four obese groups. Basal IRG, as well as the sum of secretory response to arginine, namely sigma IRG values, were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in the OB subgroup having both fatty liver and HTG than in the other three groups; these values were similar in subgroups of OB without fatty liver, and showed no significant difference from the normals. Basal and sigma IRG values in all OB correlated well with the degree of fatty liver and HTG, demonstrating that by stepwise analysis the effects of fatty liver and HTG were independent for basal and sigma IRG values. These results suggest that the combination of fatty liver and HTG may serve as a good predictor of hyperglucagonemia in simple obesity, and, hence, metabolic heterogeneity among obese patients should be considered in evaluating A-cell function.
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PMID:Elevated pancreatic glucagon in moderately obese patients: relationship of fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia. 273 44

In a cross-sectional health screening 636 persons with negative urine glucose, a 75-g-oral glucose tolerance test was performed. We report the clinical features of the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. In 96 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, the frequencies of alcohol dependency, fatty liver, and of increased levels of serum uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, total serum protein and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly higher than in normal subjects. In 37 subjects with diabetes mellitus, the frequencies of fatty liver, hypertension and of increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly higher than in normal subjects. In addition, significant increases in serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides, serum total cholesterol and body mass index, and a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol were also observed in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. These results suggest that alcohol dependency, fatty liver, obesity and hyperlipidemia are important concomitants of impaired glucose tolerance.
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PMID:Study on background factors associated with impaired glucose tolerance and/or diabetes mellitus. 278 10

A pilot study to improve unhealthy life habits of thirty middle-aged male clerical workers (45 +/- 3.58 yr.) with mild health disorders such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and fatty liver was carried out. Under prohibition of smoking and alcohol intake, they spent five nights and six days at a hot spring resort, taking part in planned health training programs which included aerobic training, hiking in forests, hot spring baths, cooking practice and lectures about healthy life, controlled by medical, dietary and physical training staffs. To evaluate the short-term effects of these activities, body weight, blood pressure, serum lipid (total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total free fatty acid and phospholipid), blood sugar, uric acid, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were examined early in the morning of the second (before) and the fifth (after) days, and then their impressions of these recreation activities were monitored by questionnaires on the sixth day. By t-tests of all before-and-after data, it was shown that mean values of body weight, systolic blood pressure, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and gamma-GTP were improved, but fasting blood sugar, uric acid and GOT were not improved. In comparison of blood pressure levels, the hypertensive group (n = 9) showed lowering in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, though the normal group (n = 10) had slight elevation. In addition, in the hypercholesterolemic group (n = 11, greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl) mean total cholesterol values decreased, conversely in the hypocholesterolemic group (n = 6, less than 180 mg/dl) they increased. Moreover, the obese group (n = 15, obesity index greater than or equal to 120%) showed greater decreases of body weight, triglyceride and phospholipid than the non-obese group. From questionnaires, it was confirmed that through these recreation activities most participants found mental and spiritual satisfaction, in spite of heavy physical loads. The short-term recreation activities under a stressless environment seemed to maintain the function of homeostasis in the body, but further investigation is needed to examine the relation between the contents of diets and physical activities, and to follow the long-term effects on the participants.
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PMID:[A study on the physical effects of short-time recreation activities at a hot spring resort on unhealthy middle-aged workers]. 281 Aug 61

The prevalence of fatty liver disease at autopsy ranges from 40% to 80% in Europe and North America, and liver injury tests are abnormal in up to 8% of healthy populations. Liver injury tests were therefore examined in a group of 325 workers without exposure to hepatotoxins to identify the influence of obesity and gender. Obesity was a strong predictor of the degree of abnormality for serum levels of arginine and alanine aminotransferase and of alkaline phosphatase, even in the normal range. Women generally demonstrated lower levels of these enzymes. Workers with morbid obesity were substantially more likely to have abnormal liver injury tests. Obesity and gender must be considered in the interpretation of abnormal liver injury tests in hazardous waste workers.
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PMID:Liver injury tests in hazardous waste workers: the role of obesity. 291 8

A total of 2,584 healthy residents in the Yaeyama District of Okinawa, Japan, were investigated in 1984 to determine the prevalence of gallstone disease and its associated factors. Diagnosis of gallstone disease was assessed by real-time ultrasonography. For participants over 20 years of age, obesity index and serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Overall prevalence of gallstone disease was 3.2%. Prevalence increased with age from 0% under 19 years of age to 11.4% over 70 years of age and was higher in females (4.0%) than in males (2.5%). The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that age and fatty liver were significant predictors of gallstone disease. The results of the automatic interaction detector analysis indicated that age and fatty liver were strong factors associated with gallstone disease and that prevalence was highest in females over age 50 with fatty liver.
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PMID:Prevalence of gallstone disease in a general population of Okinawa, Japan. 234 64


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