Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Focal sparing in diffusely fatty liver is a well recognized entity. However, it occasionally creates some problems in the diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions. We recently experienced a case of liver metastasis from colon cancer which appeared as a wedge-shaped hyperdense area on non-enhanced CT (computed tomography). Other imaging techniques also demonstrated a wedge-shaped area which was difficult to distinguish from mere focal sparing in the fatty liver. CT arteriography and dynamic magnetic resonance images were useful for diagnosing this metastatic tumor. CT during arterial portography showed a wedge-shaped ischemic area in the anterior segment caused by intrahepatic portal vein blockade. The histological findings eventually revealed that the tumor, an adenocarcinoma, was surrounded by fibrotic tissue that mimicked focal sparing. We present the radiological features of this case and discuss how to arrive at a correct diagnosis.
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PMID:A case of liver metastasis from colon cancer masquerading as focal sparing in a fatty liver. 925 76

Patients infected with HIV frequently have abnormal results on liver tests, leading to radiographic evaluation for hepatic lesions. The etiology of these lesions in patients infected with HIV is most often secondary to infections or tumors. Occasionally, focal abnormalities in the liver are identified in asymptomatic patients. The etiology and clinical course in this subset of patients are not known. However, because of concerns of tumor, an evaluation is usually warranted. We report an unusual case of multifocal hepatic steatosis presenting as multiple liver lesions in an HIV-positive patient with cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. This case emphasizes the importance of obtaining a tissue diagnosis in this patient population.
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PMID:Multifocal hepatic lesions in AIDS: an unusual presentation of steatosis. 938 73

Metabolic profile is an important biological marker of neoplastic processes not only in the tumor itself but also in the host organism. The neurohormone melatonin has been implicated in experiments as an oncostatic agent. Female Wistar:Han SPF rats (Velaz, Prague, Czech Republic) were irradiated continuously for 15 days using a daily gamma rays dose of 96 mGy. At the end of exposure one group of rats was administered 5 mg/kg b.w. of dimethylbenz/a/anthracene (DMBA) intragastrically. During the period of exposure to ionizing radiation a part of the animals was supplied with melatonin (M) at a concentration of 20 microliters/ml in drinking water. Selected parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms and levels of selected hormones were determined 2, 30 and 100 days post-irradiation. The irradiation itself caused only small changes in tissue lipids. The application of a single low dose (subthreshold from the point of view of induction of mammary tumors) of DMBA caused more pronounced changes in nonirradiated animals; of the changes observed an increase in lipids in the liver, triacylglycerols (TG) in the thymus and decrease in myocardial glycogen predominated. The intake (by drinking) of exogenous M prevented the biochemical pattern of fatty liver in animals administered DMBA in both groups, irradiated and nonirradiated. A prolonged effect of exogenous M, demonstrated by prevention of increase in TG in the thymus and of irradiated animals caused by administration of DMBA, was observed. The mechanism of metabolic effect of M is not known. Additional experiments are needed to explain the relationship between the beneficial effect of M on metabolic changes and its presumable oncostatic effect in rats.
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PMID:The influence of melatonin on metabolic changes in female rats induced by continuous irradiation and/or administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz/a/anthracene. 947 79

Valine-depleted amino acid imbalance, while having a suppressive effect on tumor growth, may induce fatty liver. We administered valine-depleted total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution to rats subcutaneously transplanted with ascites containing hepatoma AH-109A and examined the time course of the development of fatty liver. An accumulation of fatty vacuoles was observed in hepatocytes on day 4. To prevent the development of fatty liver in tumor-bearing rats, we administered a small amount of valine in addition to the valine-depleted imbalance solution via the central vein. Such treatment, however, resulted in neither the prevention of fatty liver development nor the suppression of tumor growth. To supply valine to the liver, we administered a low concentration of valine via the portal vein simultaneously with central venous administration of valine-depleted TPN solution. As a result, the peripheral blood valine level of these rats was < 0.5 that of the control group, but the valine in the liver was maintained at the same level as that of the control group, and accumulation of triacylglycerols in the liver was slight. However, the suppressive effect on tumor growth was maintained, as the tumor weight was suppressed to almost the same degree as that of rats administered only the valine-depleted solution.
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PMID:Effect of valine-depleted total parenteral nutrition on fatty liver development in tumor-bearing rats. 958 71

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide. Chronic hepatitis ultimately results in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic HCV infection is still unclear. The ability of the core protein of HCV to modulate gene transcription, cell proliferation and cell death may be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. Here, we report the development of HCC in two independent lines of mice transgenic for the HCV core gene, which develop hepatic steatosis early in life as a histological feature characteristic of chronic hepatitis C. After the age of 16 months, mice of both lines developed hepatic tumors that first appeared as adenomas containing fat droplets in the cytoplasm. Then HCC, a more poorly-differentiated neoplasia, developed from within the adenomas, presenting in a 'nodule-in-nodule' manner without cytoplasmic fat droplets; this closely resembled the histopathological characteristics of the early stage of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis C. These results indicate that the HCV core protein has a chief role in the development of HCC, and that these transgenic mice provide good animal models for determining the molecular events in hepatocarcinogenesis with HCV infection.
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PMID:The core protein of hepatitis C virus induces hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice. 973 2

A 70-year-old man, who was diagnosed by computed tomographic scan as having bilateral synchronous adrenal myelolipomas 6 years ago during the follow-up of fatty liver, underwent tumor resection at our Department because of growth of bilateral tumors without any subjective symptoms. Histopathological examination revealed mature adipose tissue cells without atypism and areas of hematopoietic tissue, including the myelotic, lymphotic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic cells. The diagnosis of myelolipoma was confirmed. The in vivo doubling time of bilateral tumors was 16.1 months and 31.3 months, respectively.
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PMID:[Bilateral synchronous adrenal myelolipomas: a case report]. 989 25

Our goal was to characterize pathological tissues of liver by magnetic resonance (MR)-related parameters such as T1 and magnetization transfer (MT) indices and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of MT contrast (C) in diagnosis of liver diseases via binomial pulsed saturation, with and without the administration of the paramagnetic agent gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Fifty-one cases of liver disorders were included in this study. Among the more important findings were the following: a) cirrhotic livers have significantly higher MT indices than normal liver, while hepatoma, metastatic tumor and fatty liver have sub-normal MT indices; b) in general, although with notable exceptions, images with MT give significantly better contrast indices than control images; and c) MT with Gd-DTPA rarely fares any better than the MT technique alone, although again with notable exceptions. MTC is a potentially powerful technique for diagnosing liver diseases, provided it can be optimally exploited for each individual disease type.
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PMID:Evaluation of liver diseases via MTC and contrast agent. 1007 22

Niacin, a widely used antihyperlipidemic agent, can produce hepatic steatosis and clinical hepatic abnormalities that together simulate the presentation of hepatobiliary neoplasia. We describe a patient initially suspected of having hepatobiliary neoplasia for whom imaging studies played a pivotal role in reaching the correct diagnosis of niacin-induced hepatotoxicity. Radiologists should become knowledgeable of these niacin-related effects, add niacin effects to the differential diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, and understand the value of correlative imaging in distinguishing these effects from hepatobiliary neoplasia.
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PMID:Effects of niacin therapy that simulate neoplasia: hepatic steatosis with concurrent hepatic dysfunction. 1009 45

Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is a potent peroxisome proliferator that causes hepatotoxicity but lacks tumor-promoting activity in rats. We previously showed that a single dose of PFDA at 50 mg/kg (approximately LD50) causes an elevation in liver phosphocholine (PCho) and other effects related to phospholipid metabolism. In this study, we examined metabolic effects in the dose range 2-50 mg/kg in rats. At doses < or =20 mg/kg, PFDA is significantly less hepatotoxic than the LD50 as manifested by electron microscopy and measurements of daily food consumption and body weight. At 50 mg/kg rat serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentration was increased 8-fold, while at 15 mg/kg there was no apparent increase in this cytokine. This lower dose, however, induces metabolic effects similar to those seen at the LD50. Liver fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity showed a dose-dependent increase from 5-25 mg/kg PFDA. Treatments at 15 and 50 mg/kg caused a significant increase in liver phosphatidylcholine (28 and 66%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (31 and 74%). Both doses caused a significant increase in liver PCho but did not affect liver ATP levels, as manifested in 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra from rat livers in vivo. These data suggest that the increase in liver [PCho] observed following PFDA exposure in rats represents a specific metabolic response, rather than a broad-range hepatotoxic effect.
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PMID:Dose-response hapatotoxicity of the peroxisome proliferator, perfluorodecanoic acid and the relationship to phospholipid metabolism in rats. 1040 36

Angiomyolipoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor of the liver. We present the case of a 32-year-old female patient that seeks medical consultation to confirm pregnancy. Ultrasound was performed and a hyperechoic lesion was detected in the left lobe of the liver. CT scan showed a heterogenic mass arising from the left lobe of the liver, fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed and diagnosis of liposarcoma was made. A laparotomy was done and a left lateral segmentectomy performed, postoperative course was uneventful. Histology and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor revealed classical findings of primary angiomyolipoma of the liver. This case shows the difficulty often found when a preoperative diagnosis of fatty liver lesions is made. A literature review is presented and the diagnosis and management of these lesions is discussed.
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PMID:[Angiomyolipoma of the liver not associated with tuberous sclerosis]. 1053 34


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