Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum levels of TSH, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), T4, T3 and reverse T3 (rT3) were measured in 36 patients with fatty liver disease, 11 patients wih chronic persistent hepatitis, 17 patients with chronic active hepatitis, and 29 patients with liver cirrhosis. TBG was significantly above normal levels in both groups of chronic hepatitis, the slight concomitant T4 and T3 increase was significant only for T4 in chronic persistent hepatitis. A significant decrease in T4 and T3 concentration was found in fatty liver disease and in hepatic cirrhosis. A shift in T4 conversion to rT3 could exclusively be demonstrated for the group of hepatic cirrhosis, reflected by a significant increase in rT3. As our findings indicate normal TSH levels and a lack of clinical signs of hypothyroidism in chronic liver disease, the possibility of diverse regulating changes must be considered.
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PMID:Relations between serum levels of TSH, TBG, T4, T3, rT3 and various histologically classified chronic liver diseases. 616 77

A common reason for referring patients to hepatologists is persistently abnormal serum transaminase levels with vague constitutional symptoms. In the United Kingdom, these abnormalities are most often caused by a fatty liver either related to obesity or alcohol abuse; they are less commonly caused by chronic liver disease, particularly chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or chronic biliary disease. Endocrine disease is rarely a cause of these abnormalities, although hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are well-recognized causes. Addison's disease has been only reported once in the literature by R. G. Olsson as a cause of increased transaminase levels associated with constitutional symptoms; it is not mentioned in textbooks on hepatology. Three patients with Addison's disease are reported here, all of whom had increased serum transaminase levels for more than 6 months before the recognition of the hypoadrenalism with resolution to normal after steroid replacement. Hepatologists should consider subclinical Addison's disease as a cause of persistently increased transaminase levels with constitutional symptoms in the absence of evidence for fatty liver as well as viral and autoimmune markers.
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PMID:Subclinical Addison's disease: a cause of persistent abnormalities in transaminase values. 755 2

A continuously increasing production level in poultry breeding has resulted in changes in metabolism. Selection procedures in breeding programmes are focused on an increase in growth rate and on a decrease in feed conversion ratio (less feed intake per unit of deposited tissue). These procedures do not pay attention to the maintenance requirements of birds. Imbalances between production (protein and fat deposition) and supply of energy for maintenance requirements lead to homeostatic dysregulation and to diseases of organs which supply the energy for production and maintenance. The alarming increase in metabolic diseases, such as heart failure syndrome, ascites, and oedema in the lungs and heart, can be directly related to an insufficient oxygen supply. A low oxygen consumption and heat production is one of the mechanisms by which a low feed conversion ratio can be achieved, as is induced hypothyroidism by which physical activity and thus heat production is reduced. Other diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, malabsorption syndrome, sudden death syndrome in broilers, and fatty liver-hemorrhage syndrome, which is nowadays the most important disease in laying hens in the Netherlands, can be related to an imbalance between the production rate and maintenance requirements. A continued selection on the basis of retained energy (in protein and fat) without paying attention to the maintenance requirements of birds will be detrimental for the health and welfare of poultry. These undesirable developments in poultry husbandry should be a challenge for sciences focused on welfare and stress in animals. Such a scientific approach to animals suffering from dysgenic changes in metabolism is needed to solve serious problems in poultry breeding.
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PMID:Pathological changes in metabolism of poultry related to increasing production levels. 932 54

A girl with partial lipodystrophy is described presenting with muscle weakness and developmental delay several years before lipoatrophy became apparent. The patient subsequently developed epilepsy, fatty liver, secondary amenorrhoea, hirsutism, insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and hypothyroidism. She remains weak with poor exercise tolerance. This case illustrates an atypical presentation of the Barraquer-Simon syndrome.
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PMID:Partial lipodystrophy presenting with myopathy. 1007 99

INTRODUCTION Thyroid peroxidase activity inhibiting immunoglobulins (anti-TPO Ab) is a sign of autoimmune process in the thyroid gland. Association of hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus has been classically described. However, hypometabolic state, as a consequence of hypothyroidism, is not frequently linked with the biological activity of insulin. CASE DESCRIPTION A 51-year old man was admitted to the Clinic with unregulated diabetes, untreated for 5 yrs. Insulin therapy was introduced one year before, with 96 units on admission. He had bowel movements every three days. BH 176cm, BW 120kg, a puffy face and swollen body. Fundus examination did not show specific diabetic leasions. Hepatic steatosis was present on ultrasound examination. Occlusion of coronary arteries and superficial femoral artreries was present on angiography, and stenosis of carotid artreies on doppler duplex examination. HbA1c 14.7%. TSH 85.7 mlU/l, FT4 1.6 pmol/l, FT3 1.4. Anti TPO Ab >600 IU/ml, triglycerides 2.26 mmol/l, HDL 1.15, cholesterolemia 10.0. Levothyroxine substitution was introduced starting with 25 mgr, gradually increasing up to 75 mgr. The need for insulin gradually decreased and finally it was switched to glibenclamide 5mg +0+2.5 mg. On discharge his FBG was 7.0 mmol/l. HOMA -B 52.3, HOMA-R 9.8. DISCUSSION We can conclude that in our patient secondary obesity caused deterioration of diabetes. After introduction of substitution therapy with levothyroxine, decrease of insulin resistance and of cholesterol level was established. The duration of undiagnosed hypothyroidism can be a matter of speculation. However, the beneficial effect of normalized metabolism on atherosclerotic process will be obvious in the future.
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PMID:[Hashimoto's hypothyroidism associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes]. 1706 92

The most frequent liver disorder in metabolic syndrome is the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Its pathogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process, characterized by insulin resistance and involvement of the endocrine system. Hypothyroidism may lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via hyperlipidemia and obesity. Adult patients with growth hormone deficiency have a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype with obesity and many characteristic metabolic alterations. The chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis results in metabolic syndrome as well. Cushing's syndrome has also features of metabolic syndrome. Mild elevation of transaminase activities is commonly seen in patients with adrenal failure. Non-alcoholic steatosis is twice as common in postmenopusal as in premenopausal women and hormonal replacement therapy decreases the risk of steatosis. Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleeping apnoe syndrome, cardiovascular disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are more frequent in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hypoandrogenism in males and hyperandrogenism in females may lead to fatty liver via obesity and insulin resistance. Adipokines (leptin, acylation stimulating protein, adiponectin) have a potential role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver. The alterations of endocrine system must be considered in the background of cryptogenic liver diseases. The endocrine perspective may help the therapeutic approaches in the future.
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PMID:[Role of the endocrine system in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]. 1992 96

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most representative disorders of the common diseases. To evaluate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the population of adult hypercholesterolemia, we prospectively examined the thyroid function in patients with untreated or treated hypercholesterolemia as a multi-center survey. Subjects were the patients who were treated with some antilipemic agents or the untreated patients whose total cholesterol (TC) was over 220 mg/dL and/or LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) over 140 mg/dL. Among 737 cases recruited, 725 cases (300 males and 425 females) participated in the survey including the thyroid function test. The patient's backgrounds include hypertension (51%), diabetes mellitus (49%), fatty liver (17%), smoking (15%), and habitual drinking (10%). The 72% of the patients were treated with some antilipemic agents and the mean values of TC, LDL-C, triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (L/H) were 204.5 mg/dL, 119.6 mg/dL, 144.4 mg/dL, 60.7 mg/dL and 2.25, respectively. The primary hypothyroidism was seen in 27 cases (3.7%) (11 males, 16 females) with subclinical hypothyroidism in 17 cases (2.4%) and overt hypothyroidism in 10 cases (1.4%). The central hypothyroidism was seen in 4 cases (0.6%). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 4.3% in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Taking account of the large number of patients with dyslipidemia and importance of avoiding unnecessary administration and associated adverse effects, evaluation of the thyroid function could be warranted in patients with dyslipidemia although cost-benefit issues waits further investigation.
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PMID:Multi-center study on the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with hypercholesterolemia. 2150 66

The patient is an 82 year-old female with a history of osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism and anemia for 14 years (receiving blood transfusions). She was admited to our hospital with a nine months history of malaise, anorexia, fatigue and weakness, associated with intermitten episodes of abdominal pain. She was diagnosed anemia and occult blood positive stools. Physical examination revealed a patient in generally fair condition, obese, with mild edema of lower limbs, no changes in the evaluation of chest, cardiovascular, abdomen, etc. Laboratory data was unremarkable, except for iron deficiency anemia. The upper endoscopy showed duodenal ulcer scar, fundic polyposis and chronic gastritis. Colonoscopy revealed some diverticula, a small sessile polyp and internal hemorrhoids. The diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was made. The CT scan of the abdomen showed gallstones and fatty liver; a radiograph of intestinal transit detected a lesion apparently protruded intestinal loop for distal jejunum; enteroscopy was performed (with one team ball) anterograde and retrograde achieving assess distal jejunum and distal ileum without observing any injuries. The study of capsule endoscopy showed a polypoid tumor intestinal with evidence of having bleeding. Surgery detected the tumor in proximal ileum. The surgical specimen findings showed three tumors 0.7 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm on the proximal ileum. The microscopic examination revealed that these lesions were neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid). The Ileal carcinoid tumor may rarely presented with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.
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PMID:[Obscure digestive bleeding by ileal carcinoid tumor]. 2154 61

Hypothyroidism is associated with the risk of development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and hypercholesterolemia. Direct evidence that hypothyroidism might be associated with advanced chronic liver disease via nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is limited. We studied the relationship between thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), cholesterol, and NASH. In consecutive euthyroid patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, TSH and thyroid hormone (FT3 and FT4) concentrations were compared in 25 patients with steatosis and 44 non-cirrhotic NASH patients featuring concurrent ballooning, lobular inflammation and steatosis. The MS was diagnosed according to ATP III criteria. A meta-analysis of previously published studies was performed to evaluate whether NASH, compared to simple steatosis, is associated with lower cholesterol levels. At univariate analysis, compared to those with steatosis, patients with NASH have a wider waist, elevated levels of BMI, ALT, AST, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, ferritin, TSH and a lower serum cholesterol. At stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of NASH are high HOMA and TSH and lower total cholesterol (Model 1); MS and high TSH (Model 2). At meta-analysis, serum total cholesterol levels are significantly lower in predominantly non-cirrhotic NASH than in simple steatosis. This study provides cross-sectional and meta-analytic evidence that, in euthyroid patients, high-though-normal TSH values are independently associated with NASH. Further work is needed to ascertain the role, if any, of lower cholesterol serum levels in assisting in the diagnosis of NASH.
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PMID:Is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated with a high-though-normal thyroid stimulating hormone level and lower cholesterol levels? 2155 49

Childhood obesity is a worldwide health problem and its prevalence is increasing steadily and dramatically all over the world. Obese subjects have a much greater likelihood than normal-weight children of acquiring dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and impaired glucose metabolism, which significantly increase their risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated TSH concentrations in association with normal or slightly elevated free T4 and/or free T3 levels have been consistently found in obese subjects, but the mechanisms underlying these thyroid hormonal changes are still unclear. Whether higher TSH in childhood obesity is adaptive, increasing metabolic rate in an attempt to reduce further weight gain, or indicates subclinical hypothyroidism or resistance and thereby contributes to lipid and/or glucose dysmetabolism, remains controversial. This review highlights current evidence on thyroid involvement in obese children and discusses the current controversy regarding the relationship between thyroid hormonal derangements and obesity-related metabolic changes (hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) in such population. Moreover, the possible mechanisms linking thyroid dysfunction and pediatric obesity are reviewed. Finally, the potential role of lifestyle intervention as well as of therapy with thyroid hormone in the treatment of thyroid abnormalities in childhood obesity is discussed.
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PMID:Thyroid function in childhood obesity and metabolic comorbidity. 2213 Mar 12


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