Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lipids and apoproteins of serum, hepatic Golgi cisternae, and secretory vesicle lipoproteins from hypothyroid, hypercholesterolemic rats were analyzed and compared to homologous lipoprotein fractions from euthyroid rats fed a low fat chow diet in order tao determine the nature of the nascent lipoprotein particles and indicate post-secretory modifications. Normal rat hepatic Golgi and secretory vesicles contained predominantly triglyceride-rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) which had little associated apoC-II or C-III and was deficient in apoE when compared to serum VLDL. Small quantities of cholesteryl ester-enriched low density lipoprotein (LDL) containing apoB and apoE were also present. Hepatic fractions from hypercholesterolemic rats contained cholesteryl ester- and apoE-rich, triglyceride-depleted VLDL of similar size, immunodiffusion characteristics, ratio of immunoassayable apoB to apoE, and lipid composition, to hypercholesterolemic serum VLDL. Hepatic levels of LDL in hypercholesterolemic rats were markedly elevated and enriched in cholesteryl ester and apoE when compare to normal hepatic LDL. Cholesteryl ester-rich hepatic VLDL and LDL increased in size and in cholesteryl ester and apoE content during transit from the Golgi cisternae into the secretory vesicles. Triglyceride-rich VLDL only acquired apoE which was further supplemented upon secretion. Nascent VLDL and LDL represented LpB-LpE association complexes and no deficiency in any apoE isoprotein within the cholesteryl ester-rich serum lipoproteins was observed. Thus, dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia in hypothyroid rats results in a fatty liver whose lipoprotein secretory products contribute to the plasma pool of abnormal cholesteryl ester- and apoE-enriched lipoproteins.
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PMID:Serum and hepatic nascent lipoproteins in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. 679 11

Excessive alcohol ingestion results in profound derangements of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, reflecting the effects of ethanol on peripheral and hepatic lipid metabolism and its toxic effects on hepatic function. The alterations in plasma lipids and lipoproteins are secondary to complex abnormalities of lipoprotein synthesis, secretion and catabolism. The major effects of alcohol include fatty liver secondary to excessive triglyceride synthesis, resulting in an imbalance between synthesis and hepatic secretion; hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia; defective plasma cholesterol esterification; and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, the plasma lipoproteins have an abnormal structure and apoprotein composition. Although these changes are usually reversible with abstinence from alcohol (if liver function returns to normal), they indicate serious effects of alcohol on the liver, which may culminate in cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency. These effects of alcohol on lipids and lipoproteins should be contrasted with the elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration produced by moderate alcohol intake and the possibility that this increase may protect against the development of atherosclerotic disease.
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PMID:Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in alcoholic liver disease. 702 Sep 88

We investigated the effect of Probucol in preventing fatty liver in monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) treated obese mice and control mice fed a high fat diet. MSG mice became significantly obese 9 weeks after birth with higher levels of serum blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, GPT, and cholinesterase, and had greater triglyceride contents in their livers relative to control mice. Morphologically, MSG obese mice also had a marked fatty liver. Administration of Probucol mixed with the high fat diet for 2 weeks significantly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, and liver triglyceride contents in both MSG and control mice. Morphologically, the livers were less fatty after Probucol treatment. These results suggest that Probucol prevents the development of fatty liver, and in addition reduces hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Probucol prevents the progression of fatty liver in MSG obese mice. 755 75

The effects of low-meat-protein diets on hypercholesterolemia and proteinuria were studied in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis. After an injection of nephrotoxic serum, rats were given either a 20% meat-protein diet (20M), an 8.5%-meat-protein diet (8.5M), or a valine-(0.05%)-supplemented 8.5%-meat-protein diet (8.5MV) for 12 days. Urinary protein excreted from the 20M-fed, nephritic control rats increased rapidly and linearly during the initial 3 days, and thereafter the high excretion rate was maintained for up to 12 days. Two low-meat-protein diets (8.5M, 8.5MV) commenced to suppress proteinuria 3 days after feeding and the suppression was preserved during the rest of the experimental periods. Compared with the 20M, both low-meat-protein diets significantly improved hypercholesterolemia induced in this nephritic model. These two diets significantly enhanced the fecal excretion of neutral sterols. They caused neither fatty liver nor severe growth retardation. These effects of 8.5MV were identical to those of 8.5M. The results suggest that low-meat-protein feeding, without amino acid supplementation, improves hypercholesterolemia and proteinuria in nephritis without severe protein malnutrition. The results also suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of the low-meat-protein diets may be, at least in part, attributed to increased fecal excretion of steroids.
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PMID:Reduction of hypercholesterolemia and proteinuria in nephritic rats by low-meat-protein diets. 775 76

We reported previously that dietary cholesterol produces hepatic steatosis, increased secretion of the VLDL, and hypertriglyceridemia in the rat, the result of reduced oxidation of fatty acids, stimulation of fatty acid synthesis, and increased incorporation of fatty acid into hepatic triglyceride. The present study was conducted to determine whether these regulatory actions of dietary cholesterol on fatty acid metabolism also occur in the Golden Syrian hamster. In the hamster, dietary cholesterol (0.5%) induced hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Incorporation of [1-14C] oleate into plasma and hepatic triglyceride was enhanced by dietary cholesterol. Experiments with perfused livers confirmed the stimulatory effect of dietary cholesterol on synthesis and secretion of VLDL-triglyceride and other lipids. These data indicate that increased formation of triglyceride in response to dietary cholesterol is not confined to the rat but may be a more general phenomenon.
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PMID:Effects of dietary cholesterol on hepatic metabolism of free fatty acid and secretion of VLDL in the hamster. 818 6

Hepatotoxicity is a potential side effect of niacin therapy for hypercholesterolemia, ranging from mild aminotransferase elevation to fulminant hepatic failure. Although uncommon with plain forms, liver dysfunction has increasingly been associated with sustained-release preparations. This case illustrates transient focal liver defects seen on computed tomography with symptomatic elevation of liver-associated enzymes during treatment with sustained-release niacin. The masses were not evident on radionuclide liver scan, suggesting focal fatty liver. After niacin was discontinued, these abnormalities resolved, and aminotransferases returned to normal. This is the first such reported case.
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PMID:Transient focal hepatic defects related to sustained-release niacin. 850 97

Levels of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, prevalence of hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-cholesterol level, and fatty liver in normal body mass index (BMI) subjects with high or low waist/height ratios were investigated in middle aged men (45-54 years, BMI: 22-23.2 kg/m2) undergoing a routine health examination. The subjects were divided into two groups according to whether their waist/height ratios were > or = 0.5 (n = 131) or < 0.5 (n = 121). There was no significant difference in age or BMI between the two groups, however, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver (30.5% vs. 15.7%, p < 0.01), and morbidity index for CHD risk factors (sum of the five risk factors scored as one point each if present) (1.46 vs. 1.04, p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the high waist/height group. In conclusion, even normal BMI subjects should pay attention to their waist/height ratio because of higher CHD risk factor levels, prevalences, morbidity index for CHD risk factors, and higher prevalence of fatty liver.
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PMID:Is there any difference in coronary heart disease risk factors and prevalence of fatty liver in subjects with normal body mass index having different physiques? 896 18

The effects of dietary bitter melon (Momordica charantia) freeze-dried powder on serum glucose level and lipid parameters of the serum and liver were studied in rats fed diets supplemented with and without cholesterol. Rats were fed the diets for 14 days containing bitter melon freeze-dried powder at the level of 0.5, 1 and 3% without an added dietary cholesterol (experiment I) and those containing bitter melon at the level of 1% with or without 0.5% cholesterol and 0.15% bile acid (experiment II). No adverse effect of dietary bitter melon powder on growth parameters and relative liver weight were noted. Dietary bitter melon resulted in a consistent decrease in serum glucose levels in rats fed cholesterol-free diets, but not in those fed cholesterol-enriched diets, although no dose-response was noted. Addition of cholesterol to the diets as compared to those without added cholesterol caused hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver. Bitter melon had little effect on serum lipid parameters, except for high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol levels tended to decrease by dietary cholesterol, while they were consistently elevated by dietary bitter melon both in the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol, indicating an antiatherogenic activity of bitter melon. In addition, bitter melon exhibited a marked reduction in the hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels both in the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol; the reduction of triglyceride levels in the absence of dietary cholesterol was in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that bitter melon can be used as a health food.
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PMID:Effects of Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets. 1096 91

Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor for fatty infiltration of the liver, a condition that can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. The objectives of this study were to document the prevalence of fatty infiltration in the livers of hyperlipidemic patients and to identify the predictor variables associated with this condition. Over an 18-month recruitment period, clinical, biochemical, and radiologic assessments were performed in a cross-sectional manner in 95 adult patients referred to an urban hospital-based lipid clinic for evaluation and management of hyperlipidemia. The mean (+/-SD) age of the patients was 55 +/- 13 years. Forty-eight (51%) were male. Fifty-two patients (55%) had hypercholesterolemia, 25 (26%) severe hypertriglyceridemia, 14 (15%) mixed hyperlipidemia, and 4 (4%) moderate hypertriglyceridemia. Obesity and diabetes were present in 36 (38%) and 12 (12%) of cases, respectively. A total of 61 (64%) patients had elevated liver enzyme tests. The most common enzyme abnormalities were an elevated serum ALT in 45 (47%) and GGT in 43 (45%) of patients. Ultrasound findings revealed diffuse fatty liver in 47 patients (50%), of which 21 cases (22%) were mild, 18 (19%) moderate, and 8 (9%) severe. The majority of patients with hypercholesterolemia [35/52 (67%)] had normal ultrasounds, whereas severe hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were frequently associated with radiologic evidence of fatty liver (odds ratios 5.9 and 5.1 respectively, P < 0.01). Independent predictors of fatty liver were; AST (P = 0.001), hyperglycemia (P = 0.02), and age (P = 0.04). In a model incorporating known risk factors for fatty liver, diabetes was the only risk factor other than hypertriglyceridemia that was significantly associated with fatty infiltration. No such effect was seen with age, gender, obesity, or alcohol consumption. In conclusions, the results of this study indicate that ultrasonographic evidence of fatty infiltration of the liver is evident in approximately 50% of patients with hyperlipidemia. Hypertriglyceridemia is the lipid profile most often associated with this condition. Serum AST values, hyperglycemia, and age independently predict the presence of fatty infiltration, while hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes are the only risk factors that significantly increase the risk of fatty infiltration in hyperlipidemic patients.
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PMID:Fatty infiltration of liver in hyperlipidemic patients. 1111 62

The relation between fatty liver, detected by ultrasonography as a marker of visceral fat accumulation, and coronary risk factors was studied in 810 elderly men and 1,273 elderly women in Nagasaki, Japan from 1990 to 1992. The prevalence of fatty liver was 3.3% in the male and 3.8% in the female non-obese participants (BMI, body mass index < 26.0 kg/m2) and 21.6% in the male and 18.8% in the female obese participants (26.0 kg/m2 < or = BMI). Fatty liver was significantly (p < 0.01) related to hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the men and to hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance (DM+IGT) in the women independent of age, obesity, smoking and drinking. Non-obesity with fatty liver, rather than obesity with or without fatty liver, had the highest odds ratio for hypertension and low-HDL cholesterol in the men and for hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and DM+IGT in the women. The prevalence of fatty liver is the same in elderly men and women, and fatty liver is an independent correlate of coronary risk factors in the elderly.
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PMID:Correlation between fatty liver and coronary risk factors: a population study of elderly men and women in Nagasaki, Japan. 1151 Jul 44


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