Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insulin and C-peptide in venous blood were determined during oral glucose tolerance testing in 59 non-manifest diabetics with histologically established chronic liver disease (fatty degeneration, chronic aggressive hepatitis, cirrhosis). Glucose tolerance was pathologic in 60-80% of patients. When compared to a control group patients with chronic liver disease showed significantly increased values of blood glucose (after glucose intake), of insulin and of C-peptide (fasting and after glucose intake). The C-peptide/insulin ratio, a measure of hepatic insulin degradation, was significantly decreased after glucose uptake. There were no significant differences of blood sugar, insulin and C-peptide among the various liver diseases. In chronic aggressive hepatitis and in cirrhosis the C-peptide/insulin ratio was partly significantly lower than in fatty degeneration. From the increased C-peptide values increased insulin secretion in chronic liver diseases can be deducted. In addition, the decreased C-peptide/insulin ratios show an impairment of insulin degradation in liver cirrhosis and other chronic hepatic diseases. However, in fatty liver degeneration this is clearly less pronounced than in more serious liver diseases.
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PMID:[Insulin and C-peptide in chronic liver diseases during oral glucose tolerance testing]. 636 4

The propensity to develop alcoholic cirrhosis is probably, at least in part, genetically determined. A striking similarity exists histologically between perhexiline and alcohol-related hepatitis and both are potentially precirrhotic lesions. Liver damage due to perhexiline is associated with impaired drug oxidation capacity which is genetically determined and tested by use of debrisoquine. Oxidation phenotyping might be used to predict susceptibility to perhexiline liver damage; it might also predict the potential to develop alcoholic cirrhosis. Oxidation phenotyping was therefore undertaken, using debrisoquine in 100 alcoholic patients, 30 of whom had only fatty liver despite prolonged alcohol abuse, while the remaining 70 had alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis. One hundred patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver disease served as controls. The number of patients with severely impaired drug oxidation capacity (poor metabolizer phenotype) was similar in the alcoholic group (8%) and the nonalcoholic control group (7%). In particular, the incidence of the poor metabolizer phenotype was similar in alcoholics with severe liver disease (10%) and in those with only fatty change (3%). There appears to be no association between the susceptibility to develop alcoholic cirrhosis and drug oxidizing capacity.
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PMID:Oxidation phenotyping in alcoholics with liver disease of varying severity. 639 Dec 52

One hundred and twelve subjects including 82 patients with diffuse hepatic diseases were examined by clinico-biochemical and instrumental methods. The latter methods included liver scintigraphy and radionuclide study with technetium-99M-colloid, ultrasonic exploration of the liver and spleen, and computer-aided tomography. According to the changes in the clinical and biochemical symptomatology and to the instrumental diagnosis data all the patients were divided into several groups. The first group comprised 30 subjects with fatty liver dystrophy (FD). In these patients, ultrasonic examination revealed two types of changes depending on the disease duration and severity. Seven patients had associated hepatitis and FD of the liver. In patients with active hepatitis (15 cases) and persistent hepatis (17 cases), scintigraphy revealed liver enlargement twice as often. In patients with liver cirrhosis, ultrasonic diagnosis was helpful in revealing differences at the initial and advanced stages of disease. Scintigraphy appeared to be the most sensitive method, whereas computer-aided tomography the least sensitive. Computer-aided tomography and ultrasonography proved to be the most specific.
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PMID:[Complex clinico-instrumental diagnosis of diffuse liver diseases]. 639 32

Microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward the bile acids (chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, lithocholic, and glycolithocholic) has been detected in human specimens of liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. The characteristics of hepatic and extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward these bile acids were compared with respect to kinetic parameters and other catalytic properties. Whereas no organ-specific differences in the affinities of individual bile acids to hepatic and extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases were observed, the individual bile acids showed reaction rates in liver that were about twice the rates estimated in kidney and about twice to three times the rates observed in duodenal mucosa. In intestinal mucosa the rate of chenodeoxycholic acid glucuronidation exhibited a progressive decrease from duodenum to colon, where it was 30% of the duodenal level. Comparison of the glucuronidation rates that were estimated with different bile acids in hepatic or extrahepatic tissues showed that for each organ a bile acid structure-activity relationship existed, with highest activity observed for lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids, which was about twofold higher compared with chenodeoxycholic or deoxycholic acids. Lowest activity was estimated for glycolithocholic acid. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward chenodeoxycholic acid was studied in biopsy specimens of liver that were obtained from a large group of patients with the following liver diseases: liver cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, granulomatous hepatitis, fatty liver hepatitis, and fatty liver. A significant decrease in enzyme activity was observed in patients with liver cirrhosis and in patients with granulomatous hepatitis compared with patients without liver disease.
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PMID:Hepatic and extrahepatic glucuronidation of bile acids in man. Characterization of bile acid uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase in hepatic, renal, and intestinal microsomes. 643 Sep 60

Antipyrine-clearance calculated from a single 24 hrs blood sample following i. v. injection of 1 g was determined in insulin dependent diabetics (n = 20), patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 8), with fatty liver + hepatitis (n = 5) and alcoholics with normal liver morphology (n = 3). Antipyrine-clearance values in normal subjects amounted to 58,7 +/- 4,8 ml/min (means +/- s), in cirrhotics to 11,8 +/- 10,1 ml/min (p less than 0.01), in patients with fatty liver to 43,3 +/- 10,1 ml/min (p less than 0.01), and in alcoholics to 62,5 +/- 18,6 ml/min. In diabetics, diseased for many years, also a decrease in the clearance values was seen (41 +/- 17,5 ml/min; p less than 0.05). 15 out of them were below the 2 s range of normal subjects. Thus, the drug-metabolizing capacity in diabetics seems to be markedly reduced, and drug dosage might have to take account of this fact.
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PMID:[Antipyrine clearance as a measure of drug metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 650 25

A morphological, endoscopic and bioptic (histologic and electron microscopic) study carried out in 86 patients with acute persisting hepatitis (APH) and 240 patients with noncirrhogenous alcoholic hepatitis (AH) allowed the observation of some aspects with predictive-evolutive value in liver diseases. In APH the endoscopic observation of a change of colour from bright red to variegated and the appearance on histologic examination of portal infiltrate with invasive tendency as well as of collagen spurs penetrating in the portal spaces, suggest the onset of the chronicity. In AH the changes with predictive value present in both AH and hepatic steatosis are, the alterations of the liver surface, and especially perivenular and perisynusoidal fibrosis.
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PMID:Morphological markers with predictive-evolutive value in liver diseases. 651 94

We compared light pen (LPEN) and Region of Interest (ROI) computer methods in determining spleen-to-liver (S/L) ratios both in anterior and posterior images in various liver diseases. The S/L ratio was independent of age or type of colloid used (equal particle size provided). Results with corresponding LPEN and ROI programs did not differ significantly from each other. The sensitivity and specificity were tested and the anterior view yielded somewhat better results than the posterior view but the best results were obtained when both projections were used. The sensitivity for all liver diseases was 60% and the corresponding specificity 93%. In hepatocellular diseases the sensitivity was 80-100%, but the S/L ration had only 37% sensitivity for hepatic metastases. Hepatomegaly in the anterior view was found in 67% of fatty liver cases, in 25% of cirrhosis cases, in 20% of hepatitis and in 25% of metastatic livers. Splenomegaly was noted in 39-54% of patients with hepatocellular diseases but only in 4-10% of metastatic diseases.
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PMID:The spleen-to-liver ratios in hepatic diseases. 653 Dec 14

The precision of CA 19-9 RIA kit was evaluated by recovery, reproducibility and dilution test with very satisfactory results. The CA 19-9 value in sera from 52 healthy individuals and from 224 patients with gastric intestinal cancer and other benign disease, showed an increased positive rate in several cases of gastric intestinal cancer. For example, the positive rate in pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, colo-rectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophagus cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis was 60%, 75%, 55.6%, 45.6%, 20%, 28.6%, 22.7%, 13.7% and 1.7% respectively. By contrast, values from patients with acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, fatty liver, gastric duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, and primary liver cancer were within the normal range. In this study, CA 19-9 RIA were found to be significant as an adjunct in the management of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, and bile duct cancer.
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PMID:[Serum determination of CA 19-9 in patients with digestive cancers and its diagnostic evaluation]. 658 10

An assay of serum antigens related to the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen has been suggested for monitoring fibrotic processes in the liver. These antigens were measured here in 61 alcoholics who were divided into four groups on the basis of liver histology: normal light microscopy, fatty liver, alcoholic cirrhosis with hepatitis, and inactive cirrhosis. All the subjects having alcoholic hepatitis with cirrhosis had elevated values in the assay, whereas some of those with either fatty liver or inactive cirrhosis still had normal values. It was, therefore, not possible on the basis of this method alone to distinguish fatty liver from cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, although very high values were suggestive of alcoholic hepatitis. In a follow-up study, the aminopropeptide value decreased slowly during recovery from alcoholic hepatitis and increased rapidly after a new drinking bout. The antigens detected by the assay are heterogeneous in human serum. The proportions of the three main peptide forms varied during recovery from alcoholic hepatitis, the authentic propeptide being the main one at the acute stage, but almost disappearing later. The usefulness of the assay could probably be improved if distinct assays were available for the different antigen forms.
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PMID:Aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in serum in alcoholic liver disease. 660 26

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging distinguished hepatitis from fatty liver and cirrhosis in a woman with a history of alcohol abuse. Anatomic and physiologic manifestations of portal hypertension were also demonstrated by MR.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease: evaluation by magnetic resonance. 668 54


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