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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male and female virgin rats and breeder rats with naturally-occurring diabetes, hypertension and arteriosclerosis, were made severely diabetic with a single, subcutaneous injection of alloxan (10 mg/100 g b.w.), after an 18 h fast. During five months of unrelenting diabetes, some animals became obese while others became emaciated. Only the emaciated animals survived but they were blind, their adrenal glands were hemorrhagic, hypertrophied and thrombosed, thymi involuted, kidneys swollen, hearts reduced in size while testes and ovaries were atrophic. Serum CPK, SGOT and SGPT were elevated concomitant with extensive cardiovascular damage, hepatic steatosis and generalized catabolism. Circulating triglycerides and free fatty acids were markedly elevated with total cholesterol only slightly increased. BUN and serum calcium levels were also greatly elevated. Sub-normal Cmpd. B levels indicated impaired adrenal steroidogenesis. Virgin rats developed arteriosclerosis and male and female breeder rats showed exacerbation of their pre-existing aortic sclerosis as well as P.A.N. lesions in their small-sized arteries. It is believed that severe diabetes causes exacerbation of the endogenous hormonal milieu resulting from abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function induced by repeated breeding, which conditions the connective tissue components of the arterial wall of rats toward accelerated degenerative changes.
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PMID:Polyarteritis nodosa induced in arteriosclerotic, male and female breeder rats by chronic alloxan diabetes. 1 32

The role of biotin-dependent enzymes in the fatty liver and kidney syndrome of young chicks was studied. Under conditions of a marginal deficiency of dietary biotin, the level of biotin in the liver has differing effects on the activities of two biotin-dependent enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is increased, but when the dietary deficiency of biotin produces biotin levels which are below 0-8 mug/g of liver, the activity of pyruvate carboxylase may be insufficient to completely metabolize pyruvate via gluconeogenesis. There is an increase in liver size and in the activities of enzymes involved in alternate pathways for the removal of pyruvate. Blood lactate accumulates and there is increased synthesis of fatty acids, and an accumulation of palmitoleic acid; these steps are accomplished by increased activities of at least the following enzymes: acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) and the desaturase enzyme. When the biotin level is below 0-35 mug/g of liver and the chick is subjected to a stress, physiological defence mechanisms of the chick may be inadequate to maintain homeostasis and they finally collapse, resulting in accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver and blood; the chick is unable to maintain blood glucose levels and death occurs, often only a few hours after the imposition of the stress.
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PMID:Fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks. II. Biochemical role of biotin. 1 36

The activities of several glycosidases (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) were demonstrated in human bile. The enzyme activities are increased about 100 times after exclusion of bile salts and other small molecular compounds by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives as substrates was useful as measurement of the bile enzyme activities are not altered in the presence of bile pigments. Enzyme characteristics of bile glycosidases were determined: pH optimum and isoelectric point. The bile glycosidase activities were also measured in various hepatobiliary disorders (cholelithiasis, cancer of gallbladder, acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver). The glycosidase activities in bile from patients with liver diseases, as well as with cholelithiasis, were generally decreased. Isoelectric focusing patterns of biliary glycosidases were similar for specimens from patients with hepatobiliary disorders as compared to normal.
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PMID:Bile lysosomal enzymes: characteristics and pathological significance for various hepatobiliary disorders. 1 80

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

A group of 165 geriatric patients is compared with a control group of 114 younger patients concerning different frequency of laparoscopic diagnoses. As it was suspected from the clinical view aged patients predominently suffered from posthepatic cirrhosis and from cirrhosis of unknown origin, from recurrent cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, metastases and carcinosis of peritoneal cavity. Younger patients much more frequently showed toxic liver damage starting from fatty liver and ending up with fatty liver cirrhosis. Persistent acute hepatitis non associated with HBSAg was scarcely seen with the aged group. It was a frequent diagnosis with the younger control group. There are explanations given for the differing endoscopic results concerning aged persons and younger control persons.
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PMID:[Laparoscopic findings in aged patients (author's transl)]. 2 56

Two experiments were carried out to determine whether administration of lactate to biotin-deficient chicks induced fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). 2. The results suggest that increased serum lactate concentrations are a consequence of the syndrome rather than a contributory factor in its incidence. 3. The increase in liver lipids of birds affected by FLKS was not associated with an increase in the specific activity of the hepatic lipogenic enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase accept when birds developed FLKS spontaneously in experiment 2. 4. Some biotin-deficient chicks did not show physical symptoms of deficiency although mean liver biotin concentrations were low (0.31 microgram/g liver).
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PMID:Lactate administration and fatty liver and kidney syndrome development in biotin-deficient chicks. 3 66

In 131 patients on a medical service and 97 patients on a surgical service, in whom a diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease was verified in the hospital, the diagnostic value of routine liver tests performed soon after admission was evaluated by stepwise discriminant analysis. By measurements of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, gamma globulin, prothrombin time, bilirubin, and albumin, half of the medical patients were correctly classified into one of seven diagnostic categories. Aminotransferase contributed most to the classification, being twice as effective as random allocation. Decreasing the number of diagnostic categories to three (hepatitis, fatty liver, and chronic liver disease) increased the frequency of correct allocation to 80%. The allocation of all the patients to seven medical and four surgical diagnostic categories by means of four tests (aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, prothrombin time, and bilirubin) was significantly improved by each step with a misclassification rate of 55% when all tests were used. A reduction of the diagnostic groups to five (hepatitis, fatty liver, chronic liver disease, duct obstruction and tumor) increased the frequency of correct allocation to 63%. The analysis demonstrates the limited diagnostic effectiveness of routine liver tests when used alone. The absolute discrimination values depend on the a priori frequencies of the diagnostic groups investigated, and therefore may vary from time to time and from place to place.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of routine liver tests. 4 96

The earliest and most reproduceable lesion associated with chronic alcohol abuse is fatty liver. In some alcoholics this may be superseded by alcoholic hepatitis, which may represent the link between the early lesion and cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis usually begins as a regular, monolobular variety, but is eventually transformed into an irregular, multilobular type. All stages of alcoholic liver injury have now been produced in the baboon, despite high protein and vitamin supplemented diets. Alcohol may therefore now be regarded as a direct hepatotoxin. Epidemiological studies have indicated that alcoholic liver injury begins with an intake of more than 80 g ethanol a day, and that cirrhosis is generally not seen with an intake of less than 160 g per day. The development of cirrhosis correlates with the total duration and amount of alcohol ingested. Complications of alcoholic cirrhosis include iron overload and primary hepatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Relation of alcoholic liver injury to cirrhosis. 4 93

Within the framework of a prospective study on the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease begun in 1968, serial blind needle biopsies of the liver were carried out for the early establishment of liver involvement. In 201 needle biopsies taken in 114 patients with ulcerative colitis, normal findings were observed in 51, fatty infiltration in 24, and accompanying inflammation in 23, fatty infiltration together with a mesenchymal reaction in 8, fatty liver in 6 and sclerosing cholangitis and granulomatous hepatitis in 1 patient each. Of 69 needle biopsies taken in 45 patients with Crohn's disease we established normal findings in 13, an insignificant accompanying inflammation in 19, fatty infiltration in 5, granulomatous hepatitis in 3, fatty liver in 2, fatty liver together with a mesenchymal reaction in 2 and serum hepatitis in 1. Laboratory tests (alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, BSP excretion) are not particularly suitable as screening tests. The diagnostic yield of serial blind needle biopsies of the liver is low and, despite the low-risk nature of the method, often dispensable. Laparoscopy, or at least blind needle biopsy of the liver, should be retained for the further clarification of serious deviations of laboratory values from the normal range, or of suspicious palpation findings.
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PMID:[Hepatic reaction in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. 4 40

KK and KK-Ay mice developed a steady and reproducible fatty liver when they were given free access to an ethanol solution as a drinking fluid for 10 to 20 days. The present studies were undertaken to elucidate effects of nutritional factors on liver fat contents of the mice given water or ethanol solution. In contrast to cornstarch, sucrose tended to increase the liver fat of control mice. A higher concentration of dietary casein lowered the liver fat of control mice, whereas the dietary concentration of cottonseed oil did not significantly affect the liver rat levels either in control or ethanol groups. Thus the standard basal diets favorable for the development of the alcoholic fatty liver have been established, for example, 10% cottonseed oil, 25 and 30% casein, 58.4 and 53.4% cornstarch for KK (12-15 weeds old) and KK-Ay (5-10 weeks old), respectively. Neither choline, myoinositol, nor any lipotropic agent tested prevented the development of the alcoholic fatty liver. Unlike in rats, orotic acid did not induce a fatty liver but rather alleviated the ethanol-induced fatty liver in these mice.
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PMID:Effects of nutritional factors on the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver in KK and KK-Ay mice. 5 Oct 81


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