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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity is often associated with coronary heart disease and metabolic disorders. In this study, the relationship between obesity and metabolic disorders and between obesity and fatty liver by ultrasonography was investigated in 307 university students (18-20 years old, men: 196, women; 111). The correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the thickness of subcutaneous fat (ST) was significant between BMI and the ratio between waist and hip circumference (WHR) was more significant in male students (r = 0.838, p < 0.001) than in female students (r = 0.639, p< 0.001). The incidence of fatty liver was significantly higher in male obese students (68.6%) than in female obese students (27.3%). After adjustment for BMI, ST, WHR and sigma glucose, the mean values for serum transaminase, cholinesterase, total cholesterol, uric acid, fasting plasma insulin and sigma insulin were significantly higher in male obese students with fatty liver than in male obese students without fatty liver. The present study suggested that male obese students with fatty liver are more likely to have metabolic disorders than male obese students without fatty liver.
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PMID:[Fatty liver and obesity in university students]. 747 66

Levels of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, prevalence of hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-cholesterol level, and fatty liver in normal body mass index (BMI) subjects with high or low waist/height ratios were investigated in middle aged men (45-54 years, BMI: 22-23.2 kg/m2) undergoing a routine health examination. The subjects were divided into two groups according to whether their waist/height ratios were > or = 0.5 (n = 131) or < 0.5 (n = 121). There was no significant difference in age or BMI between the two groups, however, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver (30.5% vs. 15.7%, p < 0.01), and morbidity index for CHD risk factors (sum of the five risk factors scored as one point each if present) (1.46 vs. 1.04, p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the high waist/height group. In conclusion, even normal BMI subjects should pay attention to their waist/height ratio because of higher CHD risk factor levels, prevalences, morbidity index for CHD risk factors, and higher prevalence of fatty liver.
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PMID:Is there any difference in coronary heart disease risk factors and prevalence of fatty liver in subjects with normal body mass index having different physiques? 896 18

Alcoholic fatty liver and hyperlipemia result from the interaction of ethanol and its oxidation products with hepatic lipid metabolism. An early target of ethanol toxicity is mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species have been incriminated in the pathogenesis of the mitochondrial injury. Microsomal changes offset deleterious accumulation of fatty acids, leading to enhanced formation of triacylglycerols, which are partly secreted into the plasma and partly accumulate in the liver. However, this compensatory mechanism fades with progression of the liver injury, whereas the production of toxic metabolites increases, exacerbating the lesions and promoting fibrogenesis. The early presence of these changes confers to the fatty liver a worse prognosis than previously thought. Alcoholic hyperlipemia results primarily from increased hepatic secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein and secondarily from impairment in the removal of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the plasma. Hyperlipemia tends to disappear because of enhanced lipolytic activity and aggravation of the liver injury. With moderate alcohol consumption, the increase in high-density lipoprotein becomes the predominant feature. Its mechanism is multifactorial (increased hepatic secretion and increased extrahepatic formation as well as decreased removal) and explains part of the enhanced cholesterol transport from tissues to bile. These changes contribute to, but do not fully account for, the effects on atherosclerosis and/or coronary heart disease attributed to moderate drinking.
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PMID:Alcohol and lipids. 975 44

Fatty liver is a common finding in abdominal ultrasonographic examination in health check-ups, but the relationship between fatty liver and so-called coronary risk factors has rarely been investigated from the viewpoint of prevention of coronary heart disease. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate such a relationship by comparing the coronary risk factors with and without fatty liver by using data from health check-ups for the mid-management and management staff of a manufacturing company. The majority (77.1%) of those with fatty liver in the present study were categorized as "normal" or "marginally obese" and only a small portion (22.9%) were categorized as "obese" according to the classification of the body mass index. The group of subjects with fatty liver had significantly lower mean HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of fasting blood sugar, HDL/total cholesterol ratio, triglyceride, uric acid and transaminases, than those parameters in subjects without fatty liver, even after adjustment for age and body-mass index. The blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and total cholesterol level did not show any significant difference after controlling the covariates. Our results indicated that fatty liver has a close correlation with the majority of coronary risk factors causing atheroscleotic diseases, and most of these relationships are independent of total body mass. Our results regarding fatty liver are a help to occupational health personnel when advising workers to reduce their own risk of atherogeic diseases.
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PMID:[Relationship between fatty liver and coronary risk factors]. 1070 81

The rising prevalence of obesity is accompanied by an increasing number of patients with the metabolic complications of obesity. The major complications come under the heading of the metabolic syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by plasma lipid disorders (atherogenic dyslipidemia), raised blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, and a prothrombotic state. The clinical consequences of the metabolic syndrome are coronary heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes and its complications, fatty liver, cholesterol gallstones, and possibly some forms of cancer. At the heart of the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, which represents a generalized derangement in metabolic processes. Obesity is the predominant factor leading to insulin resistance, although other factors play a role. The mechanistic link between insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome is complex. The relationship is modulated by yet other factors, such as physical activity, body fat distribution, hormones, and a person's genetic polymorphic architecture. A better understanding of the molecular basis of this relationship is needed to suggest new targets for prevention and treatment of the complications of obesity. In addition, understanding at the clinical level will lead to improved management of these complications.
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PMID:Metabolic complications of obesity. 1118 17

Obesity causes many undesirable health disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and so on. Recently, those life style-affecting diseases is increasing, especially the increment of diabetes mellitus is prominent. In 2000, Japan obesity society issued the new standard of the evaluation of obesity and new diagnostic criteria of obesity as a disease for Japanese. According to this issue, obesity was evaluated by body mass index(BMI). And, 18.5 < BMI < 25 is normal, 25 < BMI < 30 is obese 1, 30 < BMI < 35 is obese 2, 35 < BMI < 40 is obese 3, and 40 < is obese 4. Obesity as a disease is defined by two cases. The first category is composed of two items; one is BMI > 25, and the other is having one disease worsen by obesity, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, sleep apnea syndrome, fatty liver, deformative arthritis. The second category is the visceral type of obesity with BMI > 25, which was diagnosed by west size, over 85 cm for men, and over 90 cm for women, and by visceral fat area over 100 cm2 in abdominal CT.
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PMID:[Evaluation of obesity and diagnostic criteria of obesity as a disease for Japanese]. 1126 12

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a critical link in the chain of metabolic fatty liver disorders that spans steatosis to cryptogenic cirrhosis. It is the hepatic manifestation of the insulin resistance (or metabolic) syndrome, and provides a clue to understanding fibrotic progression of other chronic liver diseases, particularly hepatitis C. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is often the first clinical indication of insulin resistance, with its complications of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Among those with risk factors, NASH is common: present in at least 20% of obese adults or children with or without type 2 diabetes, and at least 5% of those overweight. With emerging urbanization, increasing affluence and behavioral changes of physical inactivity and high fat/energy-excessive diet, type 2 diabetes has become common in Asia and the western Pacific rim. The rates range from 7-40%, which in countries like Japan represents a 3-20-fold increase (depending on age) over the last 20 years. The increase is associated with central adiposity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and NASH. After cancer, cirrhosis from NASH is now the second most common age-related cause of death in type 2 diabetes. Reversing these trends must become a public health priority; the first awakenings were evident in Taiwan at the time of this meeting. In order to stimulate clinicians to think more about the importance of metabolic liver disease for development of cirrhosis, this review will cover clinical and laboratory features, natural history and an approach to diagnosis and management of NASH. Some emerging concepts on pathogenesis will be mentioned briefly, but the emphasis will be on the potency of lifestyle adjustments (physical activity and diet) to prevent or reverse fatty liver disorders.
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PMID:Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: what is it, and why is it important in the Asia-Pacific region? 1254 95

Abnormalities of glucose regulation, including impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, are often seen among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Insulin resistance in this population may result from antiviral medication directly impairing glucose uptake in the muscle, effects of HIV per se, or indirect effects, such as fat redistribution. Insulin resistance may increase the risk of coronary heart disease among this population of patients, in part by inhibiting normal thrombolysis. The optimal treatment for insulin resistance and impaired glucose intolerance in HIV-infected patients is not known, but preliminary studies have suggested that metformin, an insulin sensitizing agent, improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and waist circumference. Initial studies of thiazolidinediones also suggest the potential utility of such agents to improve insulin sensitivity, decrease hepatic steatosis, and increase subcutaneous fat. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy for insulin resistance in this population.
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PMID:Mechanisms and strategies for insulin resistance in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 1294 79

Epidemiological and experimental data have clearly demonstrated a strong association between elevated LDL-cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease. In concordance lipid-lowering trials with statins have shown a significant reduction of cardiovascular events. Although stroke is mainly caused by atherosclerotic vascular events, epidemiolgical data have so far failed to show a significant relationship between elevated lipid levels and stroke incidence. However, recent lipid intervention trials with statins have clearly demonstrated a significant reduction in stroke incidence. Moreover, elevated cholesterol levels are thought to contribute to progression of chronic renal insufficiency. In addition, cholesterol crystal emboli are a rare but frequently serious complication of vascular catheter interventions. Significant hypertriglyceridemia carries a significant risk of acute pancreatitis and is thought to contribute to the development of fatty liver disease.
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PMID:[End-organ damage in hyperlipidemias]. 1463 79

In order to clarify the basic mechanism(s) linking radiation exposure and coronary heart disease (CHD), we here collected ultrasonographic data on fatty liver and measured levels of metabolic CHD risk factors from November 1990 through October 1992 in 1,517 Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors (575 men and 942 women). Using a cross-sectional study design, we examined the effects of radiation dose on fatty liver and CHD risk factors by means of a multiple logistic regression model. Fatty liver was related to the metabolic CHD risk factors associated with insulin resistance syndrome: obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and abnormal glucose metabolism. Radiation dose was positively related to fatty liver, low HDL-cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia, whereas it had no effects on obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or abnormal glucose metabolism. The present results suggested that radiation dose was related to 1) fatty liver, which clustered the metabolic CHD risk factors associated with insulin resistance syndrome and 2) atherogenic lipid profiles. It is suggested that these associations are involved in the basic mechanism(s) linking radiation exposure and CHD.
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PMID:Effects of radiation on fatty liver and metabolic coronary risk factors among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki. 1471 39


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