Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015695 (fatty liver)
 13,941 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diseases involving the hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) system are frequently encountered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Hepatobiliary manifestations constitute some of the most common extraintestinal manifestations of IBD. They appear to occur with similar frequency in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. HPB manifestations may occur in following settings: 1) disease possibly associated with a shared pathogenetic mechanism with IBD including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), small-duct PSC/pericholangitis and PSC/autoimmune hepatitis overlap, acute and chronic pancreatitis related to IBD; 2) diseases which parallel structural and physiological changes seen with IBD, including cholelithiasis, portal vein thrombosis, and hepatic abscess; and 3) diseases related to adverse effects associated with treatment of IBD, including drug-induced hepatitis, pancreatitis (purine-based agents), or liver cirrhosis (methotrexate), and reactivation of hepatitis B, and biologic agent-associated hepatosplenic lymphoma. Less common HPB manifestations that have been described in association with IBD include autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), IgG4-associated cholangitis (IAC), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), fatty liver, granulomatous hepatitis, and amyloidosis. PSC is the most significant hepatobiliary manifestation associated with IBD and poses substantial challenges in management requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The natural disease course of PSC may progress to cirrhosis and ultimately require liver transplantation in spite of total proctocolectomy with ileal-pouch anal anastomosis. The association between AIP, IAC, and elevated serum IgG4 in patients with PSC is intriguing. The recently reported association between IAC and IBD may open the door to investigate these complex disorders. Further studies are warranted to help understand the pathogenesis of HPB manifestations associated with IBD, which would help clinicians better manage these patients. An interdisciplinary approach, involving gastroenterologists, hepatologists, and, in advanced cases, general, colorectal, and transplant surgeons is advocated.
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PMID:Hepatopancreatobiliary manifestations and complications associated with inflammatory bowel disease. 2019 12

Pregnancy is a time of great maternal physiological and metabolic changes. This affects the biochemical and haematological parameters used in the assessment of liver disease, and it is important to appreciate the different reference ranges in pregnancy to facilitate recognition of liver disorders in pregnancy. Due to the increased physiological and metabolic stress of pregnancy, liver disorders that have previously been subclinical may become symptomatic-for example, primary biliary cirrhosis. Gallstone disease is a common problem in women of childbearing age, and pregnancy promotes their formation. The viral hepatidides constitute a huge disease burden worldwide and the pregnant state confers particular concerns for the mother and her baby. In particular, hepatitis E has a predilection for the pregnant population and confers a particularly poor prognosis. In addition certain pregnancy specific disorders-for example, haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and obstetric cholestasis-affect primarily the liver. It is important to know how to diagnose and manage these conditions and distinguish them from non-pregnancy specific conditions as this will change the timing and management of affected women and their babies, some of whom can be seriously ill. We propose an approach to the investigation and management of the pregnant patient with abnormal liver function tests.
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PMID:Liver disease in pregnancy. 2023 10

Recent publications on hepatology and hepatic pathology provide a wealth of new information on wideranging topics. Morphologic aspects of liver disease associated with hepatitis B and C viruses, autoimmune hepatitis, and HIV infection were addressed, as was the prevalent problem of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Advances in diagnosis and pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and the increasingly complex spectrum of IgG4 hepatobiliary diseases were also reported. The histologic and immunohistochemical features of the rare "calcifying nested stromal-epithelial tumor" of the liver were described in a 9-case series. For benign and malignant liver tumors, immunohistochemistry plays a major diagnostic role, and several recent studies demonstrate the value of immunostains in distinguishing between liver-cell adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia.
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PMID:Advances in hepatobiliary pathology: update for 2010. 2105 94

Liver disease and endocrine disorders, both common in the general population, have a bidirectional and complex relationship. Certain liver diseases are more commonly associated with endocrine disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. There may be an association between hepatitis C and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as thyroid disorders, and sex hormonal preparations may cause specific hepatic lesions. The presence of relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with end-stage liver disease may have therapeutic implications in patients admitted with acute-on-chronic liver failure. The objective of this review is to focus on the effect of endocrine disorders on liver.
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PMID:Endocrine diseases and the liver. 2111 93

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor that functions as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensor and whose activation results in the production of several pro-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-bacterial cytokines. TLR4 is expressed in several cells of healthy liver. Despite the constant confrontation of hepatic TLR4 with gut-derived LPS, the normal liver does not show signs of inflammation due to its low expression of TLR4 and ability to modulate TLR4 signaling. Nevertheless, there is accumulating evidence that altered LPS/TLR4 signaling is a key player in the pathogenesis of many chronic liver diseases (CLD). In this review, we first describe TLR4 structure, ligands, and signaling. Later, we review liver expression of TLR4 and discuss the role of LPS/TLR4 signaling in the pathogenesis of CLD such as alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocarcinoma.
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PMID:The role of lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in chronic liver diseases. 2128 36

Recently, it has been shown that Helicobacter infections are associated not only with upper gastrointestinal tract diseases but also with extra-gastrointestinal diseases such as cardiovascular, liver or biliary diseases. The contributions of H. pylori to the development of hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia were reported. Some studies demonstrated the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication therapy in hepatic encephalopathy, but these results have not been supported by other reports. H. pylori eradication therapy for the treatment of hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy has not been recommended. The role of H. pylori infection in cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is uncertain. Furthermore, the question of whether H. pylori could play a role in the development of hepatoma remains controversial. Our study demonstrated that H. pylori infection was one of the independent risk factors for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further investigation is warranted.
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PMID:[Helicobacter pylori infection and liver diseases]. 2140 38

Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among Hispanic people living in the United States. Environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors, as well as socioeconomic and health care disparities among this ethnic group have emerged as important public health concerns. We review the epidemiology, natural history, and response to therapy of chronic liver disease in Hispanic patients. The review covers nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis B and C, coinfection of viral hepatitis with human immunodeficiency virus, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. For most of these disorders, the Hispanic population has a higher incidence and more aggressive pattern of disease and overall worse treatment outcomes than in the non-Hispanic white population. Clinicians should be aware of these differences in caring for Hispanic patients with chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease in the Hispanic population of the United States. 2162

Mallory-Denk Bodies (MDB) are important as investigators, suggesting MDB as an indicator of the histologic severity of chronic hepatitis, causes of which include hepatitis C, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Matteoni et al scored MDB in patients with NAFLD as none, rare and many, and reported that MDB plays a prominent role in this classification scheme in an earlier classification system. In this study, we evaluated 258 patients with chronic hepatitis due to metabolic, autoimmune and viral etiologies. Liver biopsy samples were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff-diastase, Gordon and Sweet's reticulin, Masson's trichrome, and iron stains. Both staging and grading were performed. Additionally, MDB were evaluated and discussed for each disease. We examined patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; 50 patients), alcoholic hepatitis (10 patients), PBC (50 patients), Wilson disease (WD; 20 patients), hepatitis B (50 patients), hepatitis C (50 patients) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; 30 patients). Frequency of MDB was as follows; NASH: 10 patients with mild in 60% and moderate in 40% and observed in every stage of the disease and frequently seen in zone 3. PBC: 11 patients with mild in 10%, moderate in 70%, and cirrhosis in 20%, and frequently seen in zone 1. WD: 16 patients with moderate and severe in 60% and cirrhosis in 40% and frequently seen in zone 1. Hep B: 3 patients with mild in 66% and severe in 34%. Hep C: 7 patients with mild in 40% and moderate in 60% and observed in every stage. HCC: 3 patients with hep B in 2 patients. We found that there is no relationship between MDB and any form of chronic hepatitis regarding histologic severity such as alcoholic steatohepatitis and NAFLD and variable zone distribution by etiology.
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PMID:Mallory-Denk Bodies in chronic hepatitis. 2163 25

Different hepatic and biliary tract disorders may occur with celiac disease. Some have been hypothesized to share genetic or immunopathogenetic factors, such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Other hepatic changes in celiac disease may occur with malnutrition resulting from impaired nutrient absorption, including hepatic steatosis. In addition, celiac disease may be associated with rare hepatic complications, such as hepatic T-cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Hepatic manifestations of celiac disease. 2169 44

Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by sensitivity to gluten, which is found in dietary wheat, barley, and rye. Many extra-intestinal manifestations have been described in association with CD. Liver disease and CD share widespread risk factors. Liver disorders such as autoimmune hepatitis, elevation of liver enzyme levels, primary biliary cirrhosis, nonspecific hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have been reported in patients with CD. In this review, we provide information regarding liver disorders that may be found in association with celiac disease and the effect of the treatment of CD on these disorders.
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PMID:Liver complications in celiac disease. 2208 57


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