Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic debilitating illness that is marked in the majority of cases by sudden onset of fatigue and flulike symptoms. Symptoms subsequently relapse and remit and may persist for years. Physical examination typically reveals relatively minor, nonspecific abnormalities in an apparently well patient. Although immunologic abnormalities are associated with chronic fatigue syndrome, tests for these features are expensive, nonspecific, and generally reserved for research purposes. The diagnosis is made on the basis of new onset of severe fatigue, a characteristic pattern of symptoms, and exclusion of other illnesses. Treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms and helping patients adjust to the debilitating and chronic nature of the illness.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome. Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. 157 31

Twenty-one pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and 21 matched healthy control (HC) subjects were assessed with 5 untimed tests and 5 timed tests from the computer-based NeuroCognitive Assessment Battery (R. K. Mahurin, 1993). Random effects regression showed no difference between CFS and healthy twins on any of the cognitive tests. Further, the twin groups did not differ from the HC group on any content-dependent measure. In contrast, both sets of twins performed worse than the HC group on all speed-dependent tests except Finger Tapping. Self-rated fatigue and dysphoric mood were only weakly correlated with cognitive performance. These data point toward a shared genetic trait related to information processing that is manifest in the CFS context. The findings have implications for differentiating genetic and acquired vulnerability in the symptomatic expression of the disorder. ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
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PMID:Cognitive processing in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. 1509 45

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune exocrinopathy that predominantly affects salivary and lachrymal glands, leading to dry eyes and mouth. The most common clinical problems faced by the rheumatologist are those of dry eyes and mouth, parotid swelling, fatigue and extraglandular manifestations. The first stage in management is to make an accurate diagnosis based on the American/European consensus criteria. The most frequent differential diagnoses are dry eyes and mouth symptoms, a variant of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia, and sialosis, which causes a non-inflammatory enlargement of the parotid glands. The mainstay of treatment for the sicca symptoms is local therapy, and that for the milder systemic symptoms is hydroxychloroquine. Steroids and immunosuppressive drugs are reserved for more severe extraglandular disease. In spite of intensive research in other systemic treatments including biologic therapies, there is limited evidence to support their use in routine clinical practice.
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PMID:Management of patients presenting with Sjogren's syndrome. 1697 38

The underlying pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome remains incompletely understood and there are no curative treatments for this disorder at present. However, increasing neuroimaging evidence indicates that functional and structural abnormalities exist in the brains of chronic fatigue syndrome patients, suggesting that the central nervous system is involved in this disorder and that at least some chronic fatigue syndrome patients may have an underlying neurological basis for their illness. In the present paper, we speculate that glymphatic dysfunction, causing toxic build up within the central nervous system, may be responsible for at least some cases of chronic fatigue syndrome. We further postulate that cerebrospinal fluid diversion such as lumboperitoneal shunting may be beneficial to this subgroup of patients by restoring glymphatic transport and waste removal from the brain. Although recent evidence indicates that at least some chronic fatigue syndrome patients may benefit from cerebrospinal fluid drainage, further studies are needed to confirm this finding and to determine whether this can be attributed to enhancement of glymphatic fluid flow and interstitial fluid clearance. If confirmed, this could offer promising avenues for the future treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Clearly, given the relative invasive nature of cerebrospinal fluid diversion, such procedures should be reserved for chronic fatigue syndrome patients who are severely debilitated, or for those with severe headaches. Anyhow, it seems worthwhile to make every effort to identify new therapies for patients who suffer from this devastating disease, especially given that there are currently no effective treatments for this condition.
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PMID:The putative glymphatic signature of chronic fatigue syndrome: A new view on the disease pathogenesis and therapy. 3162 21

We present evidence for the affective realism hypothesis, that incidental affect is a key ingredient in an individual's experience of the world. In three studies, we used an interocular suppression technique (continuous flash suppression [CFS]) to present smiling, scowling, or neutral faces suppressed from conscious visual awareness while consciously perceived neutral faces were presented at three different timing intervals: 150 ms before, 150 ms after, and concurrent with the suppressed affective faces (Studies 1 and 3) or at timing intervals of 100 ms (Study 2). Results for all three studies revealed that consciously perceived neutral faces were experienced significantly more positively (e.g., as more trustworthy) when concurrently paired with suppressed smiling faces than when concurrently paired with suppressed scowling faces; there was no effect of suppressed affective faces on first impressions in the other timing conditions. This pattern of results is consistent with the affective realism hypothesis but inconsistent with both affective misattribution and affective priming interpretations. Incidental affect must be meaningfully contiguous in time with the target stimulus to be experienced as a property of the target. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:You are what I feel: A test of the affective realism hypothesis. 3013 5

Visual stimuli with social-emotional relevance have been claimed to gain preferential access to awareness. For example, recent studies used the breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm (b-CFS) to show that faces that are perceived as less dominant and more trustworthy are prioritized for awareness. Here we asked whether these effects truly reflect differences in social-emotional meaning or whether they can be equally explained by differences in low-level stimulus properties. In Experiment 1, we successfully replicated dominance- and untrustworthiness-related slowing for upright faces. However, these effects were equally strong for inverted faces, even though it was more difficult to perceive social characteristics in inverted faces. The previously reported correlation between dominance- and untrustworthiness-related slowing in b-CFS and self-reported propensity to trust did not replicate. Experiment 2 showed that dominance-related slowing in b-CFS can also be observed when only presenting the eye region of faces, and even when the eye region was presented inverted and/or with reversed contrast polarity, in which case personality traits were no longer discernible. These results were replicated in Experiment 3 following a preregistration protocol. Altogether, our findings link dominance-related slowing in b-CFS to physical differences in the eye region that are-when presented in isolation-unrelated to the perception of dominance. We conclude that low-level physical stimulus differences provide a parsimonious explanation for the effect of social facial characteristics on access to awareness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Unconscious processing of facial dominance: The role of low-level factors in access to awareness. 3037 10

Using breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS; a perceptual suppression technique), Gomes, Soares, Silva, and Silva (2018) showed that human observers have an advantage in detecting images of snakes (constituting an evolutionarily old threat) over birds. In their study, images of snakes and birds were filtered to contain either coarse-scale or fine-grained information. The preferential detection of snakes relied on coarse-scale (rather than fine-grained) information, which was taken as support for the existence of an evolutionarily old subcortical pathway dedicated to snake detection. Here, we raise the concern that images of snakes and birds inherently differ in their visual characteristics, which can strongly affect detection times in b-CFS. Images of snakes, for instance, have a larger perimeter-to-surface ratio than images of birds. Importantly, these visual characteristics are not snake specific, as they are shared with many nonthreatening object categories. To illustrate this point, we compared detection times between images of bicycles and cars-nonthreatening image categories that differ in visual characteristics but for which detection is unlikely to capitalize on an evolutionarily old dedicated subcortical pathway. Observers exhibited an advantage for detecting bicycles over cars. Mirroring the snake-bird differences reported in Gomes et al., this advantage was driven by the coarse-scale (rather than fine-grained) information in the images. Hence, differences in visual characteristics between two nonthreatening, semantically matched stimulus categories suffice to produce the exact same pattern of findings as observed with snakes versus birds. We conclude that spatial frequency-specific detection differences in b-CFS cannot be unequivocally attributed to differences in processing pathways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:The danger of interpreting detection differences between image categories: A brief comment on "Mind the snake: Fear detection relies on low spatial frequencies" (Gomes, Soares, Silva, & Silva, 2018). 2926 40