Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tetanus antitoxins were measured in serum and cerebro spinal fluid from 58 children--35 boys and 23 girls--with viral meningitis. The concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM were also determined. The appearance of tetanus antitoxins in cerebral spinal fluid depends on absolute antitoxin levels in serum as well as on the antitoxin/IgG ratio. Antitoxin/IgG ratios in serum and cerebro spinal fluid were in the same order of magnitude. Detection of tetanus antitoxins in the cerebral spinal fluid of children with viral meningitis shows clearly that antibody found in cerebral spinal fluid is not an absolute proof of a certain disease. The results further indicate that local production of IgG antibody cannot be postulated by detecting certain antibodies in the CSF. It is also necessary to prove that antibody/globulin ratios are of significantly different magnitude in serum and CFS.
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PMID:[Tetanus antitoxin in serum and cerebral spinal fluid in viral meningitis in children (author's transl)]. 67 36

In an attempt to define the tissue of origin of substances causing aseptic meningitis and secondary hydrocephalus after posterior fossa surgery, analysis of several marker substances from blood, brain, tumour and muscle in the CSF was performed early in seven postoperative patients. No clear pattern emerged which could relate the substances, CSF reaction, and meningeal scarring. The effects of various factors such as contrast studies, drainage, and steroids were also not clear. Review of the literature reveals that all four tissues can cause inflammation. Certain facts about the anatomy of the basilar cisterns and arachnoid villi probably make them logical sites for problems in CFS circulation. Children, for several reasons, are most susceptible to this complication. The complexity of factors in human cases suggests that the problem should be studied in an animal model.
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PMID:Aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus after posterior fossa surgery. 74 22

The penetration of amoxicillin into cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) in the presence of meningeal inflammation was evaluated in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Serum and CSF concentrations of amoxicillin were measured at 2 h in nine patients who received a 1-g oral dose and at 1.5 and 4 h in ten patients who received a 2-g intravenous injection of sodium amoxicillin. After the oral dose, CSF concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 mug/ml. After the intravenous injection, CSF concentrations ranged from 2.9 to 40.0 mug/ml at 1.5 h and from 2.6 to 27.0 mug/ml at 4 h. These data on penetration suggest that parenterally administered sodium amoxicillin may be of value in the therapy of acute bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Penetration of amoxicillin into cerebrospinal fluid. 74 77

The study aimed at assessing the value lysozyme assay in CFS as indicator of the damage to blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and intensification of inflammatory process in the course of meningitis. The study involved 20 patients with suppurative and 66 with viral meningitis. Control group included 26 patients without nervous system disease. To estimate the degree of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage albumin and lysozyme indicators were calculated. It was proved, that CSF lysozyme levels are bigger in the suppurative meningitis than in viral meningitis. According to the author, CSF lysozyme levels the value of lysozyme indicator may inform on intensification of the inflammatory process and the degree of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage in suppurative meningitis, whereas in the viral meningitis they inform on degree of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage, only.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the value of determining lysozyme levels in cerebrospinal fluid in myeloencephalitis]. 228 77

In patients with intracranial tumors (ICT) and acute cerebral infarctions (CI), both necrosis and reversible changes occur in central nervous system (CNS) tissue. The damaged CNS cells release specific substances into the cerebrospinal fluid (CFS). Radioimmunoassay (RIA)-determined myelin basic protein (MBP) and RIA-determined creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) are markers of damage to CNS specific structures. The elevated CSF level of MBP is considered a marker of myelin damage and the increased concentration of CSF CK-BB may be of combined neuronal and astrocytic origin. CSF was collected from 57 patients with the diagnosis of CI (n = 30) and ICT (n = 27) and the concentration of MBP and CK-BB were measured by RIA. Our study shows increased CSF levels of MBP and CK-BB in patients with CI and patients with ICT. We have also found a linear correlation between MBP and CK-BB in both CI and ICT, and for a given CK-BB level, MBP was significantly higher in patients with ICT than in patients with CI. These facts suggest that lesion markers behave differently in the different pathologic processes affecting the CNS.
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PMID:Myelin basic protein and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme as CSF markers of intracranial tumors and stroke. 242 41

1. The effectiveness of the Erythro-Lectin Immuno Test (Erythro-LIT) to detect anticysticercus antibodies was tested using cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) from patients with neurocysticercosis. 2. Both Erythro-LIT and complement fixation (CF) were used to detect antibodies in 36 CSF samples from cysticercotic patients. Erythro-LIT detected anticysticercus antibodies in 35 CSF samples (97%) and CF in 26 (72%). The antibody titers ranged from 1:4 to 1:4096 for Erythro-LIT (mean geometric titer = 282.65) and 1:1 to 1:64 in CF (mean geometric titer = 7.92). 3. When greater than or equal to 1:16 Erythro-LIT titer was used as a significant diagnostic cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of Erythro-LIT were 92% and 100%, respectively, for CFS. 4. The high sensitivity and specificity demonstrated here, together with the simplicity and low cost of the test, make the Erythro-LIT a potentially useful method for screening for specific antibodies in neurocysticercosis.
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PMID:Erythro-lectin immuno test (Erythro-LIT) in the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis. 275 75

Viral antibodies to measles, HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV and HTLB-III have been tested in 120 sera and 90 CFS of 78 MS patients, 21 other neurological diseases and 21 non neurological disease controls included in the Italian Multicenter MS case-control study. A significantly higher frequency of HSV-2 antibodies was found in the MS cases than in the two control groups. Moreover the HSV-2 and the RBV-VCA cantibody levels were higher in the MS patients than in those with non neurological diseases. A clear or weak antibody response to the HTLV-III proteins was shown, using the Western Immunoblotting method, in 10.3% of the MS sera or CSF:8.6% of the sera and 1.8% of the CSF were positive. The significance of these findings in relation to the design of the multicenter case-control study is discussed.
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PMID:The Italian Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis case-control study: preliminary results on viral antibodies. 282 Aug 94

The response of cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) pressure to increased arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) was evaluated in 5 control animals and 7 animals with experimentally induced communicating hydrocephalus. The CSF pressure in control dogs increased moderately in response to PCO2; in dogs with hydrocephalus, an increase in PCO2 produced a pronounced increase in CSF pressure accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. Progression of hydrocephalus can be explained by increased intracranial pressure, periventricular edema and cerebral ischemia.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid pressure alterations in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Response of cerebrospinal fluid pressure to increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension. 308 49

The present study was designed to investigate the ontogeny of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) metabolism in human cerebrospinal fluid (CFS). The activity of pyroglutamate aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.8), the major enzyme catalyzing TRH metabolism in human CSF, was measured in CSF of 11 premature infants (gestational age, 29-39 weeks; birth weight, 1774 +/- 274 g), 8 newborn infants (term delivery; birth weight, 3648 +/- 240 g), and 11 adults (mean age, 29.6 +/- 1.5 years). Pyroglutamate aminopeptidase activity in CSF of premature and newborn infants was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that of adult CSF. These observed differences in the enzymatic activities were not due to changes in the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate TRH or the presence of enzyme inhibitor(s)/stimulator(s).
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PMID:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone metabolism is attenuated in the cerebrospinal fluid of the human neonate. 309 12

Arachidonic acid metabolites are under investigation as possible vasoactive agents involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prostaglandins, as well as other vasoactive compounds, activate contractile proteins through utilization of extracellular bound Ca++ to the intracytoplasmic free fraction. Recently, calcium-antagonists, mainly Nimodipine, have been proposed for the prophylaxis and/or reversal of the ischemic damage caused by vasospasm. Nimodipine failed to reduce vasospasm incidence in a series of 30 patients admitted with diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Nimodipine failed to reduce level of four arachidonate metabolites measured (prostaglandin D2, prostacyclin, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene C4) in lumbar and cisternal CSF. After subarachnoid hemorrhage there is a significant increase of CSF levels of arachidonate metabolites; in perianeurysmic cisterns level of prostaglandin D2, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene C4 are significantly higher than lumbar CSF levels. Moreover, cisternal CSF level of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 are significantly higher in patients with symptomatic vasospasm. Nimodipine did not significantly modify CFS level of arachidonate metabolites: this suggests that Nimodipine treatment, which definitely improves long-term results of patients for intracranial aneurysms, could exert its pharmacological action reducing Ca++ intake from the extracellular compartment and preventing a direct toxic effect of calcium, without a direct action against the release of vasoactive compounds.
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PMID:Effect of nimodipine on arachidonic acid metabolites after subarachnoid hemorrhage. 312 Apr 89


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