Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are two species of the herb Angelica. One species is called Dong Quai or Angelica sinensis. Dong Quai helps suppress excess antibody production, reduce food allergies, and decrease inflammatory reactions. Don Quai also suppresses the TH2 cytokine profile, which is elevated in persons with CFIDS, AIDS, and chronic candidiasis. Dosing information is included.
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PMID:"Dong Quai" or "Angelica sinensis". 1136 44

The literature is reviewed and data are presented that relate to a model we have developed to account for the perpetuation of the perplexing disorder currently termed chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In patients with CFS there is chronic lymphocyte overactivation with cytokine abnormalities that include perturbations in plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decrease in the ratio of Type 1 to Type 2 cytokines produced by lymphocytes in vitro following mitogen stimulation. The initiation of the syndrome is frequently sudden and often follows an acute viral illness. Our model for the subsequent chronicity of this disorder holds that the interaction of psychological factors (distress associated with either CFS-related symptoms or other stressful life events) and the immunologic dysfunction contribute to (a) CFS-related physical symptoms (e.g., perception of fatigue and cognitive difficulties, fever, muscle and joint pain) and increases in illness burden and (b) impaired immune surveillance associated with cytotoxic lymphocytes with resulting activation of latent herpes viruses.
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PMID:Cytokine and other immunologic markers in chronic fatigue syndrome and their relation to neuropsychological factors. 1138 24

Several causes have been held responsible for the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), including an altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA)-axis activity, viral infections and a reduced Th1 activity. Therefore, it was investigated whether the regulation of IL-10 is different in CFS. LPS-induced cytokine secretion in whole blood cultures showed a significant increase in IL-10 and a trend towards a decrease in IL-12 as compared with healthy controls. In patients and controls, IL-12 secretion was equally sensitive to suppression by dexamethasone, whereas IL-10 secretion appeared more sensitive in CFS-patients. In controls, IL-10 and IL-12 secretion were inversely correlated with free serum cortisol (r=-0.492, p<0.02 and r=-0.434, p<0.05, respectively). In CFS, such an inverse correlation was found for IL-12 (r=-0.611, p<0.02) but not for IL-10 (r=-0.341, ns). These data are suggestive for a disturbed glucocorticoid regulation of IL-10 in CFS.
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PMID:LPS-induced IL-10 production in whole blood cultures from chronic fatigue syndrome patients is increased but supersensitive to inhibition by dexamethasone. 1158 38

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. The etiology of CFS remains unclear; however, a number of recent studies have shown oxidative stress may be involved in its pathogenesis. The role of oxidative stress in CFS is an important area for current and future research as it suggests the use of antioxidants in the management of CFS. Specifically, the dietary supplements glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, Ginkgo biloba, and Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) may be beneficial. In addition, research on food intolerance is discussed, since food intolerance may be involved in CFS symptom presentation and in oxidation via cytokine induction. Finally, recent evidence suggests celiac disease can present with neurological symptoms in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms; therefore, celiac disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of CFS.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome: oxidative stress and dietary modifications. 1170 65

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients show evidence of immune activation, as demonstrated by increased numbers of activated T lymphocytes, including cytotoxic T cells, as well as elevated levels of circulating cytokines. Nevertheless, immune cell function of CFS patients is poor, with low natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC), poor lymphocyte response to mitogens in culture, and frequent immunoglobulin deficiencies, most often IgG1 and IgG3. Immune dysfunction in CFS, with predominance of so-called T-helper type 2 and proinflammatory cytokines, can be episodic and associated with either cause or effect of the physiological and psychological function derangement and/or activation of latent viruses or other pathogens. The interplay of these factors can account for the perpetuation of disease with remission/exacerbation cycles. A T-helper type 2 predominance has been seen among Gulf War syndrome patients and this feature may also be present in other related disorders, such as multiple chemical sensitivity. Therapeutic intervention aimed at induction of a more favorable cytokine expression pattern and immune status appears promising.
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PMID:Cytokines and chronic fatigue syndrome. 1200 20

In humans, activation of the primary host defense system leads to increased or decreased NREM sleep quality, depending on the degree of early immune activation. Modest elevations of certain inflammatory cytokines are found during experimental sleep loss in humans and, in addition, relatively small elevations of cytokines are seen following commencement of pharmacological treatments with clozapine, a CNS active antipsychotic agent, known to have immunomodulatory properties. Cytokines such as TNF-alpha, its soluble receptors, and IL-6, present in the periphery and the CNS, comprise a link between peripheral immune stimulation and CNS-mediated behaviors and experiences such as sleep, sleepiness, and fatigue. The debilitating fatigue experienced in chronic fatigue syndrome and related diseases may also be related to altered cytokine profiles.
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PMID:Mediators of inflammation and their interaction with sleep: relevance for chronic fatigue syndrome and related conditions. 1200 21

We explored the relationship between a set of immunological variables and a set of cognitive and functional status measures and a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in civilians and veterans using various regression and factor analytic methods. Our approach emphasized the extraction of a few distinct factors in order to limit statistical problems associated with doing large numbers of multiple comparisons. This approach led to our finding cytokine data grouping into type 1 and type 2 clusters. A type 2 cluster plus a T and B cell factor predicted CFS caseness for Gulf War veterans but not for civilians with CFS. When a cognitive variable, reaction time, was added into the model, both immunological factors lost statistical significance; this indicates that the cognitive variable reaction time moderated the effects of the immunological factors in predicting patient status. We did a similar analysis on the roles of the immunological and cognitive variables in functional status using SF-36 data. Higher levels of these same two immunological factors predicted poorer general health as well as poorer physical and social functioning in Gulf War veterans but not in civilians with CFS. When the reaction time factor was added, only the lymphocyte factor remained significant. This implies that lymphocytes are directly related to functional status in Gulf War veterans with CFS, but the Th2 factor produces its effect on functional status via changes in cognitive abilities.
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PMID:Immunological variables mediate cognitive dysfunction in gulf war veterans but not civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome. 1237 83

The present review examines the cytokine response to acute exercise stress, with particular emphasis on the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and the release of IL-6. Prolonged endurance exercise induces a sequenced release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and IL-6 plays a dominant role. The magnitude of this response bears a general relationship to the intensity of effort, but the duration of activity and many environmental factors also modulate cytokine release. Although many types of cells are capable of producing cytokines, the main source of the exercise-induced IL-6 production appears to be the exercising muscle. The primary function of the additional IL-6 may be to regulate the supply of carbohydrate as muscle reserves of glycogen become depleted. There is also a delayed release of cytokines following eccentric exercise that is related to the repair of muscle injury. Since the production of cytokines is greater with endurance than with resistance exercise, it seems unlikely that they play an important role in the hypertrophy of muscle and bone. More research is needed on a number of important clinical issues where the exercise-induced release of cytokines may have relevance. Exercise-induced cytokine secretion has the potential to provide a simple model of sepsis. Preliminary observations suggest it may also modulate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytokine concentrations are increased in chronic fatigue syndrome, although it is less dear that the cytokine secretion is responsible for fatigue in humans. Exercise-induced modulations in cytokine secretion may contribute to allergies, bronchospasm, and upper respiratory infections in the endurance athlete. Further, the cytokine cascade is involved in the process of atherogenesis, and exercise-induced changes in cytokine production may expose latent HIV to chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:Cytokine responses to physical activity, with particular reference to IL-6: sources, actions, and clinical implications. 1249 81

It has been proposed that cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). However, different studies have reported conflicting results using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokines in these conditions. In the present study, for the first time, the production of inflammatory [interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha] and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by CD14+ and CD14- peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients and sex- and age-matched normal subjects was investigated at the level of individual cells using the technique of intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Cultures were carried out in the presence of polymyxin B to inhibit the effect of endotoxins on cytokine production by monocytes. The mean intensity of fluorescence (MIF) and percentage of CD14+ (monocytes) and CD14- (lymphocytes) cytokine-producing mononuclear cells were comparable in patients and controls in either unstimulated or IFN-gamma-stimulated conditions. Our study indicates that dysregulation of cytokine production by circulating monocytes or non-monocytic cells (lymphocytes) is not a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of CFS/FMS.
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PMID:Normal production of inflammatory cytokines in chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia syndromes determined by intracellular cytokine staining in short-term cultured blood mononuclear cells. 1269 29

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is complex illness with unknown aetiology. Recent research shows that patients with CFS have marked alterations in microbial flora, including lowered levels of bifidobacteria and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Research also indicates that CFS patients are under increased oxidative stress, have a type 2 helper cell dominate cytokine profile, frequently report allergies, have altered essential fatty acid (EFA) status and may have malabsorption of certain micronutrients. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the potential to influence the immune system in CFS patients by supporting T helper cell 1 driven cellular immunity and may decrease allergies. In addition LAB are strong antioxidants, may improve EFA status, can enhance absorption of micronutrients by protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier, and have been used to treat SIBO. It is our contention that LAB may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of CFS.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome: lactic acid bacteria may be of therapeutic value. 1269 26


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