Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro growth and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFU-C) requires colony-stimulating factors (CSF), and an in vivo role for CSF has also been proposed. Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) have been reported to serve as negative feedback regulators of myelopoiesis. Here, we report evidence of augmented CSF secretion by mouse peritoneal Mo (macrophages) and bone marrow cells in vitro upon stimulation with various biological response modifiers (BRMs). Optimal induction of CSF secretion occurred after in vitro treatment of peritoneal Mo and mononuclear bone marrow cells with 50 micrograms/ml poly ICLC (polyriboinosinic-polycytidylic acid poly-L-lysine). 5 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or 500 U/ml interferon (IFN alpha,beta) for 2 days. The in vitro stimulation of CSF secretion was paralleled by an increase in PGE secretion by Mo and bone marrow cells. The PGE secretion could, however, be selectively blocked by preincubating the cells for 3 h with indomethacin (10(-7) Mol) leaving CFS production intact. In vivo treatment of mice with either maleic anhydride divinyl ether copolymer (MVE-2; 25 mg/kg) or poly ICLC (2 mg/kg) significantly increased levels of CSF in serum, as well as in culture supernatants of in vivo-treated peritoneal Mo and bone marrow cells. The increase in serum CSF levels and in secretion of CSF by peritoneal Mo and bone marrow cells was followed by a dose-dependent increase in GM-CFU-C, in nucleated bone marrow cells, and in peripheral blood leukocytes. The same BRMs also stimulated the secretion of PGE by in vivo-activated peritoneal Mo, but not by bone marrow cells. Pretreatment of the mice with indomethacin (4 mg/kg) almost completely suppressed PGE secretion by peritoneal Mo, but did not change the CSF secretion by peritoneal Mo or bone marrow cells and had no significant effect on bone marrow cellularity. Therefore, MVE-2 and poly ICLC, in addition to their immunomodulatory activity, can also have stimulatory effects on myelopoiesis, presumably mediated through secretion of CSFs. Protection and/or restoration of bone marrow function could thus either provide the opportunity for more extensive chemotherapy or could increase the number of Mo effector cells available for activation against tumor targets.
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PMID:Comparison of in vitro and in vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by biological response modifiers. 633 54

In two experiments the potential value of diets based on casein or free amino acids (FAA) for amino acid utilization experiments were examined. In Expt 1 the optimum dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) for a casein-based diet was estimated by supplemention with 10 or 20 g NaHCO3/kg, to produce diets containing 64, 183 or 302 mmol/kg. In addition, piglet growth performance and efficiency of nutrient deposition of piglets given the casein diets were compared with two multiple protein source diets; Supercreep, a commercial multiple protein source diet or CFS (casein-fish-soyabean-sugar) or a FAA-based diet. Expt 2 was designed to compare piglet response to FAA diet stored at -15 degrees with twice daily feeding, with FAA diet stored at ambient temperature (13-30 degrees) and offered ad libitum. A CFS diet was used as a positive control and the experiment was conducted over the 10-20 kg growth phase. Expt 1 used forty-eight piglets weaned at 20-22 d of age and allocated to one of six treatments formulated to contain at least 0.84 g lysine/MJ digestible energy in a randomized block design. Piglets given the CFS and Supercreep diets produced superior growth rates (518, 491 g/d) to those given a FAA diet (353 g/d) or casein diet containing 0, 10 or 20 g NaHCO3/kg respectively (365, 417, 390 g/d) between 5 and 20 kg live weight. Piglets given the casein and FAA diets had higher amino acid digestibilities than those given the Supercreep and CFS diets. The increase in the dEB of the casein diet from 64 to 183 mmol/kg improved piglet growth performance between 5 and 20 kg by 14%. All piglets given casein diets had similar ileal and faecal digestibilities, empty-body compositions, nutrient deposition rates and retention ratios. The results of Expt 2 showed that there was no beneficial effect on piglet performance of storing the FAA diet at -15 degrees and feeding twice daily. Based on the results of these two experiments, neither the casein (0, 10, 20 g NaHCO3/kg) nor FAA diets were suitable for estimating amino acid utilization by the piglet. There remain unidentified factors which limit the growth performance of piglets given the casein and FAA diets.
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PMID:Comparison of growth performance and nutrient retention of weaner pigs given diets based on casein, free amino acids or conventional proteins. 917 93