Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arachidonic acid metabolites are under investigation as possible vasoactive agents involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prostaglandins, as well as other vasoactive compounds, activate contractile proteins through utilization of extracellular bound Ca++ to the intracytoplasmic free fraction. Recently, calcium-antagonists, mainly Nimodipine, have been proposed for the prophylaxis and/or reversal of the ischemic damage caused by vasospasm. Nimodipine failed to reduce vasospasm incidence in a series of 30 patients admitted with diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Nimodipine failed to reduce level of four arachidonate metabolites measured (prostaglandin D2, prostacyclin, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene C4) in lumbar and cisternal CSF. After subarachnoid hemorrhage there is a significant increase of CSF levels of arachidonate metabolites; in perianeurysmic cisterns level of prostaglandin D2, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene C4 are significantly higher than lumbar CSF levels. Moreover, cisternal CSF level of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 are significantly higher in patients with symptomatic vasospasm. Nimodipine did not significantly modify CFS level of arachidonate metabolites: this suggests that Nimodipine treatment, which definitely improves long-term results of patients for intracranial aneurysms, could exert its pharmacological action reducing Ca++ intake from the extracellular compartment and preventing a direct toxic effect of calcium, without a direct action against the release of vasoactive compounds.
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PMID:Effect of nimodipine on arachidonic acid metabolites after subarachnoid hemorrhage. 312 Apr 89

Antibacterial activities of monobactam antibiotics (carumonam (CRMN) and aztreonam (AZT] against Gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients in the latter half of 1987 were investigated using penicillin (PC: piperacillin (PIPC], cephems (CEPs: ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxime (CTX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefsulodin (CFS], carbapenem (imipenem (IPM] and pyridonecarboxylic acids (norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX] as reference antibiotics. A total of 400 strains of 13 species, i.e. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia rettgeri, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae, were used as test strains. 1. CRMN and AZT, both monobactam antibiotics, were roughly comparable in their activities and no resistant strain to these antibiotics were found among isolates of E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., M. morganii, P. rettgeri or H. influenzae and few resistant strains were observed among isolates of S. marcescens. On the other hand, isolates of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa included rather numerous strains resistant to the monobactam antibiotics. Among these cases, whereas R strains, i.e. resistant strains showing MICs greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/ml, accounted for a large proportion of strains resistant to PC and CEPs, I strains, i.e. intermediately resistant strains showing MICs between 12.5 and 25 micrograms/ml, accounted for a large proportion of strains resistant to the monobactam antibiotics. 2. Strains resistant to PIPC, a PC, were detected with high and more or less uniform frequencies over the entire spectrum of the isolates examined. 3. Antibacterial activities of CEPs varied against different bacterial species. While strains resistant to CTX, CAZ and LMOX were commonly detected with high frequencies among isolates of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and S. marcescens, large percentages of LMOX-resistant strains of C. freundii and Enterobacter spp. were of the I type. CTX-resistant strains were also found among isolates of P. vulgaris and M. morganii. Proportions of CEP-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were 28% for CFS and 12% for CAZ. 4. No or few strains among the isolates of 13 species investigated were resistant to IPM, a carbapenem antibiotic, which showed the most stable antibacterial activity, but it was less active than monobactam antibiotics and CEPs against Klebsiella spp., P. mirabilis and H. influenzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Antibacterial activities of monobactams against fresh clinical isolates]. 321 Feb 97

We report in this paper that proteins from the surface of ejaculated spermatozoa contain antigenic determinants cross-reacting with a rabbit antiserum raised against native CFS, a protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle and composed of two subunits, namely RSV IV and RSV V. Conversely, no such proteins could be extracted from cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The cross-reacting proteins derived from the ejaculated spermatozoa were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. An electrophoretic pattern different than that expected for native CFS in denaturing conditions was found. In vitro reconstitution experiments showed that labeled native CFS is able to bind cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The CFS protein recovered from the sperm surface was examined and alterations of its structure were also noted. The sperm-coating abilities of CFS and of its RSV IV subunit are discussed.
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PMID:Detection of sperm-coating antigens immunologically related to a seminal protein in rat. 324 84

Class II major histocompatibility antigens (Ia) play a major role in regulating T-B cell interactions; therefore, regulation of the amount of Ia on B cells may be an important point of control in the immune response. Mitogens in human and murine systems have been reported to increase Ia expression on B cells, and in the mouse the lymphokine BSF-1 (IL-4) markedly enhances Ia expression. This report describes studies of lymphokine and mitogen regulation of class II expression on rat B cells. Mitogens known to activate resting B cells, such as DxS/LPS, anti-IgM, STM, and Con A, induced increases in Ia expression. Highly purified murine IL-4 was found to have no Ia-enhancing activity on rat B cells, although the same preparation increased Ia expression eightfold on murine B cells. This confirms other recent reports that IL-4 is a species-specific lymphokine and will not cross even narrow phylogenetic barriers. Rat B cells were not refractory to lymphokine-induced enhancement of Ia expression, since lymphokine(s) contained in a Con A-induced supernatant enhanced Ia expression. Furthermore, murine IL-5-containing B151-CFS was able to markedly increase Ia expression on resting rat and mouse B cells. This activity was not lost after heat inactivation of B151-TRF2, indicating that B151-TRF1 (IL-5-like activity) was probably responsible for the increase in Ia expression. These results suggest Ia expression on rat B cells, like human and murine B cells, is an early activation event which is regulated by signals which act on resting B cells. Furthermore, while IL-4 is important in Ia regulation, it is not the only lymphokine involved, since the IL-4-free, B151-K12 supernatant was able to enhance Ia expression on resting rat and mouse B cells.
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PMID:Lymphokine regulation of surface Ia expression on rat B cells. 325 20

The difficulty in obtaining cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) in an efficient and simple manner in rats prompts us to introduce a new technique that makes use of a cannula placed in the lateral ventricle. The cannula is implanted with a stereotaxic apparatus and the CSF is collected with a glass capillary tube. The technique has proved to work well for experiments in which the CSF must be free of blood. It also permits the collection of volumes of CSF sufficient for radioimmunoassays, and may be used in chronic experiments.
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PMID:A technique for collecting cerebrospinal fluid using an intraventricular cannula in rats. 332 21

A comparison of the under-18 (U-18) and under-16 (U-16) squads of the Canadian national soccer team with a representative sample of Canadians (Canada Fitness Survey, 1983) showed a tendency for the development or selection of the older players in teams of stature (U-18, 175.8 cm; U-16, 171.1 cm; CFS, 170.9 cm) and lean body mass (U-18, 63.4; U-16, 57.9; CFS, 54.2 kg). The larger lean mass of the older players could not be explained simply by size. The U-18s also showed greater isokinetic leg extension force (particularly for rapid movements) and explosive strength (vertical jump) relative to the younger players, although the knee extension force was less than in some classes of athlete. Part of the gain in mass seems due to local training of the hip and leg muscles and part to a more general muscular development. Contrary to some reports, the hip flexibility of the Canadian players (sit and reach test) was greater than for a national sample; this may be important in avoiding soft tissue injuries to the legs. However, aerobic power (58.3 +/- 5.3 ml kg-1 min-1) and body fat (8.0 +/- 1.1%) were unremarkable.
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PMID:Specific muscular development in under-18 soccer players. 344 Oct 20

The clinical efficacy of the combination therapy with cefmenoxime plus cefsulodin was studied in patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients received 1 g of CMX and 1 g of CFS concomitantly twice a day by 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. Of a total of 127 patients who received medication, 82 patients were evaluated on the 5th day. The overall clinical efficacy of treatment was evaluated by the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee, Japan, as excellent, moderate or poor. It was excellent in 15%, moderate in 55% and poor in 30%. Of the 143 strains isolated from 82 patients, 115 strains (80%) were eradicated. The eradication rate of P. aeruginosa was 83%. Subjective side effects were observed in 3 (2.4%) of the patients. Drug-related aggravations in laboratory test results were observed in 8 (7.5%), but most of them were minimal and reversible. The results of this study suggest that a combination of cefmenoxime and cefsulodin might be useful in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:Combination of cefmenoxime and cefsulodin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 345 67

We demonstrated previously that cellfree supernatant of the B151K12 T cell hybridoma (B151-CFS) contained T cell-replacing factor (here in after referred to as B151-TRF1) capable of inducing growth and differentiation of antigen-activated B cells into antigen-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC). In the present study, we have identified in B151-CFS another unique lymphokine activity (referred to as B151-TRF2), which induces polyclonal differentiation of unstimulated B cells into IgM-secreting cells without concomitant stimulation of antigen, mitogen, or anti-Ig antibody. The B151-TRF2 activity induced polyclonal IgM PFC responses via the action on surface Ig-positive small resting B cells from normal unprimed mice. This activation was effective across an H-2 barrier, and apparently independent of the presence of T cells and accessory cells. Interestingly, the B151-TRF2 activity notably stimulated B cells of neonatal and mutant DBA/2Ha mice, which are nonresponders to B151-TRF1, whereas it failed to activate the xid B cells from CBA/N mice. To substantiate that B151-TRF1 and B151-TRF2 activities are mediated by mutually distinguishable molecules, an absorption experiment of B151-CFS was performed by utilizing DBA/2Ha B cells which are lacking in B151-TRF1 receptor. It was found that DBA/2Ha B cells could absorb B151-TRF2 activity but not B151-TRF1 activity. In contrast, murine chronic B cell leukemia BCL1 cells, which were shown to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells by stimulation with B151-CFS, selectively removed B151-TRF1 activity but not B151-TRF2 activity. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed that the B151-TRF2 was a heat (56 degrees C for 30 min)-sensitive protein with an apparent m.w. of 30,000 by gel filtration, whereas B151-TRF1 was a heat-resistant glycoprotein with m.w. of 50,000. In addition, it was shown that prostaglandin E2 selectively inhibited B151-TRF2-mediated B cell responses. These results demonstrate clearly that B151-TRF1 and B151-TRF2 are distinct B cell differentiation factors involved in the different activation pathways of distinct B cell subpopulations. The immunologic implication of B151-TRF2 activity in B cell differentiation is discussed in comparison with other lymphokines so far reported to activate small resting B cells.
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PMID:Identification of two distinct factors, B151-TRF1 and B151-TRF2, inducing differentiation of activated B cells and small resting B cells into antibody-producing cells. 351 74

A total of 24 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of meningitis, confirmed by positive CFS culture, were enrolled in the study. All patients received ceftriaxone in different doses. No difference in clinical outcome was found between the patients who received ceftriaxone twice a day and the 11 who received the drug as a single daily dose. The latter dosage proves to be preferable. The therapeutic outcome in this series of patients was 22 cured and 2 failures. Bacteriological and pharmacokinetic findings are discussed.
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PMID:Ceftriaxone in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children. 373 23

Samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 112 cases of suspected meningitis were tested for the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP), using a qualitative and quantitative slide test. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 34 patients, based on CSF and blood culture results, and/or elevated CSF white blood cell (WBC) count and typical biochemical profile. There were 8 patients with early onset, and 3 who had received prior antimicrobial therapy among the 5 neonates, 23 children, and 6 adults with bacterial meningitis. Organisms recovered from CSF, and/or blood, included Haemophilus influenzae 14, Streptococcus pneumoniae 9, Streptococcus group B-5, Staphylococcus aureus 2, E. coli 2 and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1. Slide test was positive for CRP in 33 cases, giving a sensitivity of 97% which compared favourably with elevated CSF protein 33%, decreased CFS glucose 64.7% CSF glucose/blood glucose less than 1/2, 85%, raised CSF WBC 38.2%, raised CSF PMN 61.7%, CSF culture positive 88.2%, and CSF gram-positive 82.5%. Slide test was positive for CRP in 1 of 78 CSF samples negative for bacterial meningitis, giving a specificity of 98%. It was concluded that testing of CSF for CRP is a simple, rapid and accurate method for the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, which is particularly appropriate for areas lacking adequate laboratory facilities.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. 389 17


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