Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 5-HT3 receptor is a ligand-gated cation channel located in the central and peripheral nervous system; it has also been detected on a variety of other cells. In the periphery, it is found on autonomic neurons and on neurons of the sensory and enteric nervous system. In the CNS, the 5-HT3 receptor has been localized in the area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus vaudatus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, entorhinal, frontal, cingulate cortex, and in the dorsal horn ganglia. Further extraneuronal locations include among others lymphocytes, monocytes, and foetal tissue. 5-HT3 receptors modulate the release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides like dopamine, cholecystokinin, acetylcholine, GABA, substance P, and serotonin itself. They have been demonstrated to be involved in sensory transmission, regulation of autonomic functions, integration of the vomiting reflex, pain processing and control of anxiety. While the physiologic functions of the 5-HT3 receptor are discrete and difficult to detect, it plays a key role in certain pathologic situations related to increased serotonin release. Clinical development of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists revealed a remarkable range of activities. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists do not modify any aspect of normal behaviour in animals or induce pronounced changes of physiological functions in healthy subjects. Clinical efficacy was shown for various forms of emesis like chemotherapy-induced, radiotherapy-induced, and postoperative emesis, diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, alcohol abuse, and in pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia and migraine. Most recent data also suggest that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are effective for the treatment of other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, tendinopathies, periarthropathies, and myofascial pain. Other possible indications under discussion are chronic heart pain and bulimia. Unfortunately, experimental findings do not yet provide a homogenous conception of the significance of 5-HT3 receptors in all investigated fields; in nociception, for example, contradictory observations are still inadequately explained and complicated by bell-shaped dose-response curves. Further elucidation and better understanding of the serotonergic neuronal network remains a task for the next decade.
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PMID:Physiology and pathophysiology of the 5-HT3 receptor. 1551 4

Meningococcal infections may develop as episodic or endemic cases particularly among children attending day-care centers, boarding schools or among military personnel. Bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine is applied to all new military stuff since 1993 in Turkey. In this report two cases of meningococcemia and meningitis, developed in two soldiers vaccinated with meningococcal vaccine, were presented. The first case was a 21 years old male patient who was admitted to the emergency service with the complaints of high fever, headache, fatigue and vomiting. He was conscious, cooperative and oriented with normal neurological findings. Maculopapular exanthems were detected at the lower extremities. The patient was hospitalized with the initial diagnosis of sepsis or meningococcemia and empirical treatment was initiated with ceftriaxone and dexamethasone. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination yielded 10 cells/mm3 (lymphocytes) with normal CSF biochemical parameters. A few hours later skin rashes spread over the body rapidly, the symptoms got worse, confusion, disorientation and disorientation developed, and the patient died due to cardiac and respiratory arrest at the seventh hour of his admission. The second case was also a 21 years old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of fever, headache, painful urination, confusion and agitation. He was initially diagnosed as acute bacterial meningitis due to clinical (stiff neck, positive Kernig and Brudzinsky signs) and CSF (8000 cells/mm3; 80% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, increased protein and decreased glucose levels) findings. Empirical antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone was initiated and continued for 14 days. The patient was discharged with complete cure and no complication was detected in his follow-up visit after two months. The first case had an history of vaccination with bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine three months ago and the second case had been vaccinated one month ago. The bacteria isolated from the blood culture of the first case and the CFS culture of the second case, were identified as Neisseria meningitidis by conventional and API NH system (BioMerieux, France). The isolates were serogrouped as W135 by slide agglutination method (Difco, USA), and both were found to be susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone. As far as the last decade's literature and these two cases were considered, it might be concluded that N.meningitidis W135 strains which were not included in the current bivalent meningococcal vaccine, gained endemic potential in Turkey. Since N.meningitidis W135 strains may lead to serious diseases, vaccination of the risk population with the conjugate tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (A/C/Y/W135) should be taken into consideration in Turkey.
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PMID:[Meningococcemia and meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis W135 developed in two cases vaccinated with bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine]. 2106 98

About 20% of the population suffers from "functional syndromes". Since these syndromes overlap greatly in terms of co-morbidity, pathophysiology (including aberrant autonomic activity) and treatment responses, common predisposing genetic factors have been postulated. We had previously showed that two common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms at positions 16519 and 3010 are statistically associated with the functional syndromes of migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome and non-specific abdominal pain. Herein, among individuals with mtDNA haplogroup H (HgH), the presence of these two mtDNA polymorphisms were ascertained in additional functional syndromes: chronic fatigue syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, sudden infant death syndrome, and major depressive disorder. Polymorphic prevalence rates were compared between disease and control groups, and within each disease group in participants with and without specific clinical findings. In all four conditions, one or both of the polymorphisms was significantly associated with the respective condition and/or co-morbid functional symptomatology. Thus, we conclude that these two mtDNA polymorphisms likely modify risk for the development of multiple functional syndromes, likely constituting a proportion of the postulated common genetic factor, at least among individuals with HgH. Pathophysiology likely involves broad effects on the autonomic nervous system.
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PMID:Increased prevalence of two mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in functional disease: Are we describing different parts of an energy-depleted elephant? 2593 87